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2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marzia Stella Yousif ◽  
Cecilia Bagnoli ◽  
Tiziano Innocenti ◽  
Paolo Bizzarri

ABSTRACT Introduction. Headache is one of the most common and disabling conditions worldwide, as described by the World Health Organization report. The risk of suffering from headache has been described to increase from twofold to threefold in adult women compared to men, depending on the studies. These gender differences have been linked to environmental, genetic, epigenetic, and hormonal aspects. Sex hormones can enhance headaches mainly through sensitization of the trigemino-vascular system and modulation of the blood vessel factors, with significant clinical consequences. International guidelines suggest several pharmacological and non-pharmacological treatments in the management of headache disorders as acute or preventive therapies. Few studies have been conducted on the efficacy and effectiveness of therapies in managing hormonal-related headaches to date. Therefore, this scoping review (ScR) aims to summarize the evidence regarding the efficacy of conservative physiotherapeutic approaches on this topic in the domain of gender medicine, which studies sex influences on pathophysiology, clinical signs, prevention, and therapy of diseases. Methods and analysis. The ScR will be performed following the 6-stage methodology suggested by Arksey and O Malley and the extensions to the original framework recommended by the Joanna Briggs Institute. MEDLINE, Cochrane Central, Scopus, CINHAL, Embase and PEDro databases will be searched. Additional records will be identified through searching in grey literature and the reference lists of all relevant studies. No study design, publication type, language nor date restrictions will be applied. Two reviewers will independently screen all abstracts and full-text studies for inclusion. The research team will develop a data collection form to extract the studies characteristics. A tabular and accompanying narrative summary of the information will be provided. This protocol received input from all authors who have expertise in research methodology and specific knowledge in the field. Ethics and dissemination. This study does not require ethical approval as we will not collect personal data. It will summarize information from publicly available studies in line with the nature of the study s methodology. Regarding dissemination activities, the results of this review will be submitted for publication in a peer-reviewed journal, presented at relevant conferences in the field and disseminated through working groups, webinars and partners. KEYWORDS Headache, menstruation, hormones, physical therapy, exercise therapy.


Crime Science ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Arianna Trozze ◽  
Josh Kamps ◽  
Eray Arda Akartuna ◽  
Florian J. Hetzel ◽  
Bennett Kleinberg ◽  
...  

Abstract Background Cryptocurrency fraud has become a growing global concern, with various governments reporting an increase in the frequency of and losses from cryptocurrency scams. Despite increasing fraudulent activity involving cryptocurrencies, research on the potential of cryptocurrencies for fraud has not been examined in a systematic study. This review examines the current state of knowledge about what kinds of cryptocurrency fraud currently exist, or are expected to exist in the future, and provides comprehensive definitions of the frauds identified. Methods The study involved a scoping review of academic research and grey literature on cryptocurrency fraud and a 1.5-day expert consensus exercise. The review followed the PRISMA-ScR protocol, with eligibility criteria based on language, publication type, relevance to cryptocurrency fraud, and evidence provided. Researchers screened 391 academic records, 106 of which went on to the eligibility phase, and 63 of which were ultimately analysed. We screened 394 grey literature sources, 128 of which passed on to the eligibility phase, and 53 of which were included in our review. The expert consensus exercise was attended by high-profile participants from the private sector, government, and academia. It involved problem planning and analysis activities and discussion about the future of cryptocurrency crime. Results The academic literature identified 29 different types of cryptocurrency fraud; the grey literature discussed 32 types, 14 of which were not identified in the academic literature (i.e., 47 unique types in total). Ponzi schemes and (synonymous) high yield investment programmes were most discussed across all literature. Participants in the expert consensus exercise ranked pump-and-dump schemes and ransomware as the most profitable and feasible threats, though pump-and-dumps were, notably, perceived as the least harmful type of fraud. Conclusions The findings of this scoping review suggest cryptocurrency fraud research is rapidly developing in volume and breadth, though we remain at an early stage of thinking about future problems and scenarios involving cryptocurrencies. The findings of this work emphasise the need for better collaboration across sectors and consensus on definitions surrounding cryptocurrency fraud to address the problems identified.


2022 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Justyna Paprocka ◽  
Michał Hutny ◽  
Jagoda Hofman ◽  
Agnieszka Tokarska ◽  
Magdalena Kłaniewska ◽  
...  

Background: Mutations of genes involved in the synthesis of glycosylphosphatidylinositol and glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored proteins lead to rare syndromes called glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored proteins biosynthesis defects. Alterations of their structure and function in these disorders impair often fundamental processes in cells, resulting in severe clinical image. This study aimed to provide a systematic review of GPIBD cases reports published in English-language literature.Methods: The browsing of open-access databases (PubMed, PubMed Central. and Medline) was conducted, followed by statistical analysis of gathered information concerning neurological symptomatology. The inclusion criteria were: studies on humans, age at onset (<18 y.o.), and report of GPIBD cases with adequate data on the genetic background and symptomatology. Exclusion criteria were: publication type (manuscripts, personal communication, review articles); reports of cases of GPI biosynthesis genes mutations in terms of other disorders; reports of GPIBD cases concentrating on non-neurological symptoms; or articles concentrating solely on the genetic issues of GPI biosynthesis. Risk of bias was assessed using Joanna Brigs Institute Critical Appraisal Checklists. Data synthesis was conducted using STATISTICA 13.3.721.1 (StatSoft Polska Sp. z.o.o.). Used tests were chi-square, Fisher's exact test (for differences in phenotype), and Mann-Whitney U test (for differences in onset of developmental delay).Results: Browsing returned a total of 973 articles which, after ruling out the repetitions and assessing the inclusion and exclusion criteria, led to final inclusion of 77 articles (337 GPIBD cases) in the analysis. The main outcomes were prevalence of neurological symptoms, onset and semiology of seizures and their response to treatment, and onset of developmental delay. Based on this data a synthesis of phenotypical differences between the groups of GPIBD cases and the general GPIBD cases population was made.Discussion: A synthetical analysis of neurological components in clinical image of GPIBD patients was presented. It highlights the main features of these disorders, which might be useful in clinical practice for consideration in differential diagnosis with children presenting with early-onset seizures and developmental delay. The limitation of this review is the scarcity of the specific data in some reports, concerning the semiology and onset of two main features of GPIBD.


2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 168-191
Author(s):  
Galvin Sim Siang Lin ◽  

Bibliometric analyses of academic output are critical in assessing a country’s scientific performance and have ignited significant interest in recent days. However, no such study has been conducted in the field of dentistry, specifically endodontics, among Malaysia’s researchers. Hence, this study aimed to assess the publication output among researchers in Malaysia dedicating to endodontics based on the Scopus database and analyse the characteristics of selected articles as well as the publishing patterns. An electronic search based on the Scopus® database was performed from January 2001 to February 2021. Only English language articles with the first author’s affiliation from Malaysia were selected and the following parameters were extracted: title, authors, number of authors, affiliation, journal, year of publication, type of article, source, thematic categories, keywords, and number of citations. Data was analysed using Microsoft Excel software complemented by Pearson’s Chi-square and Pearson Correlation tests at 0.05 significance level. There were 119 articles included with the top-cited article received 69 citations. A total of 15 authors have 2 or more articles published, with the International Endodontic Journal published the most. Furthermore, more than half of the articles were published in Q1 and Q2 journals. Over the last two decades, there has been a substantial growth (P<0.05) in the number of articles and cumulative citations, with a significant correlation (P=0.038) between them. Besides, the Department of Conservative Dentistry and Universiti Sains Malaysia published the most articles, with the bulk of them being basic research on endodontic materials. In conclusion, the rise in scientific publications suggests an increasing interest in endodontics among Malaysia’s researchers.


Author(s):  
Hazel Thompson ◽  
Craig Brown

Simulation-based education (SBE) is often celebrated as a safe learning environment, but this usually refers to the risk posed to patients, in this literature review the psychological safety for participants and the elements of SBE that generate or reduce stress are sought. Stress and learning have a complex relationship in adult learning; however, negative stress may inhibit memory formation and so the sustainable effect of SBE learning may be jeopardized by participants experiencing unnecessary stress during SBE. It is therefore important to identify the nature and trigger for stress in SBE to optimize this resource.Using the online database PubMed and the search terms (stress and anxiety) AND (Simulation) AND ((clinical education, medical education)) without limits on publication type or date, 20 articles were returned. A non-systematic review was undertaken. Articles that were designed to deliberately introduce stress into SMEs to gauge the effect on performance were excluded. Included studies analysed the type, characteristics and potential triggers of stress evoked through participation in SBE. 17 studies were retained.No studies in the UK were returned, SBE participants were from undergraduate and post-graduate settings and there was a mixture of professional groups included with three studies looking at team-based SMEs. Study design and method varied with an observational study being the most common method. Only one looked at qualitative data from focus groups of SME participants. Nearly all studies recorded a physical marker of stress – heart rate, cortisol level or visible signs of stress such as shaking hands. Two studies looked at techniques to actively reduce stress within the SBE activity; a mindfulness exercise before a task-based simulation and an introduction of a period of relaxation prior to debriefing. Faculty awareness of participant stress was measured objectively in only one study. SME design and equipment stressors were directly considered in two studies.There are limited dedicated studies addressing SBE-induced stress and how this can be modified; furthermore, a lack of research into faculty impact on stress hinders the opportunity to change. This was not a systematic literature review and so the findings are limited, but can help inform practitioners: (1) Repeated exposure and familiarity with SME reduce stress. (2) Designate roles that participants would be expected to undertake in real clinical scenarios. (3) Minimize distracting factors in the environment unless directly contributing to learning outcome. (4) Introducing a purposeful period of calm before debriefing may improve retention of learning outcomes.


2021 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. 10
Author(s):  
Li Siang Wong ◽  
Bogna A Drozdowska ◽  
Daniel Doherty ◽  
Terence J Quinn

Background: The ‘impact’ of a scientific paper is a measure of influence in its field. In recent years, traditional, citation-based measures of impact have been complemented by Altmetrics, which quantify outputs including social media footprint. As authors and research institutions seek to increase their visibility both within and beyond the academic community, it is important to identify and compare the determinants of traditional and alternative metrics. We explored this using Stroke – a leading journal in its field. Methods: We described the impact of original research papers published in Stroke (2015-2016) using citation count and Altmetric Attention Score (Altmetrics). Using these two metrics as our outcomes, we assessed univariable and multivariable associations with 21 plausibly relevant publication features. We set the significance threshold at p<0.01. Results: Across 911 papers published in Stroke, there was an average citation count of 21.60 (±17.40) and Altmetric score of 17.99 (±47.37). The two impact measures were weakly correlated (r=0.15, p<0.001). Citations were independently associated with five publication features at a significance level of p<0.01: Time Since Publication (beta=0.87), Number of Authors (beta=0.22), Publication Type (beta=6.76), Number of Previous Publications (beta=0.01) and Editorial (beta=9.45). For Altmetrics, we observed a trend for independent associations with: Time Since Publication (beta=-0.25, p=0.02), Number of References (beta=0.32, p=0.02) and Country of Affiliation (beta=8.59, p=0.01). Our models explained 21% and 3% of variance in citations and Altmetrics, respectively. Conclusion: Papers published in Stroke have impact. Certain aspects of content and format may contribute to impact, but these differ for traditional measures and Altmetrics, and explain only a very modest proportion of variance in the latter. Citation counts and Altmetrics seem to represent different constructs and, therefore, should be used in conjunction to allow a more comprehensive assessment of publication impact.


Author(s):  
Jadranka Stojanovski ◽  
Elías Sanz-Casado ◽  
Tommaso Agnoloni ◽  
Ginevra Peruginelli

The field of law has retained its distinctiveness regarding peer review to this day, and reviews are often conducted without following standardized rules and principles. External and independent evaluation of submissions has recently become adopted by European law journals, and peer review procedures are still poorly defined, investigated, and attuned to the legal science publishing landscape. The aim of our study was to gain a better insight into current editorial policies on peer review in law journals by exploring editorial documents (instructions, guidelines, policies) issued by 119 Croatian, Italian, and Spanish law journals. We relied on automatic content analysis of 135 publicly available documents collected from the journal websites to analyze the basic features of the peer review processes, manuscript evaluation criteria, and related ethical issues using WordStat8. Differences in covered topics between the countries were compared using the chi-square test. Our findings reveal that most law journals have adopted a traditional approach, in which the editorial board manages mostly anonymized peer review (104, 77%) engaging independent/external reviewers (65, 48%). Submissions are evaluated according to their originality and relevance (113, 84%), quality of writing and presentation (94, 70%), comprehensiveness of literature references (93, 69%), and adequacy of methods (57, 42%). The main ethical issues related to peer review addressed by these journals are reviewer’s competing interests (42, 31%), plagiarism (35, 26%), and biases (30, 22%). We observed statistically significant differences between countries in mentioning key concepts such as “Peer review ethics”, “Reviewer”, “Transparency of identities”, “Publication type”, and “Research misconduct”. Spanish journals favor reviewers’ “Independence” and “Competence” and “Anonymized” peer review process. Also, some manuscript types popular in one country are rarely mentioned in other countries. Even though peer review is equally conventional in all three countries, high transparency in Croatian law journals, respect for research integrity in Spanish ones, and diversity and inclusion in Italian are promising indicators of future development.


PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (12) ◽  
pp. e0260791
Author(s):  
Lavanya Rajendran ◽  
Namita Khandelwal ◽  
Jocelyne Feine ◽  
Effie Ioannidou

Objectives Women in oral health science face similar societal issues and challenges as those in other STEMM careers, and gender disparities continue to exist as evidenced by fewer women represented as first and last authors in scientific publications. Pre-prints may serve as a conduit to immediately disseminating one’s work, bypassing the arduous peer review process and its associated inherent biases. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to 1] compare the gender of first and last authors in pre-print versus peer reviewed publications, 2] examine the composition of first and last author pairs as stratified by publication type, and 3] examine the correlation between woman authorship and institutional geographic location and publication metrics stratified by publication type. Methods The keyword “oral health” was used to search for publications in BioRxiv and Pubmed in the years 2018 and 2019. Gender of first and last authors were determined, and its frequency was considered as the primary outcome. Additionally, the geographic location of the author’s associated institution and publication metrics measured by Altmetrics score were extracted. Data was descriptively summarized by frequencies and percentages. Chi-square analysis was conducted for categorical variables which included the relationship between gender and publication type as well as gender and region of author’s associated institution. Binomial regression analysis was conducted to analyze the relationship between gender and Altmetrics. Results Woman first authors comprised 40.3% of pre-prints and 64.5% of peer reviewed publications [p<0.05]. Woman last authors comprised 31.3% of pre-prints and 61.5% of peer reviewed publications [p<0.05]. When analyzing the relationships between first and last author, the Man-Man pairing represented 47.7% of the pre-print publications and the Woman-Woman pairing comprised a majority of the of the peer review publications at 47.5%. All results were statistically significant with a p-value <0.05. No significant correlation was found between region of institution or Altmetrics and gender of first or last authors [p>0.05]. Conclusion For the first time in oral health science, it was found that women show higher representation as first and last author positions in peer reviewed publications versus pre-prints.


2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (87) ◽  

This research is a content analysis study in which studies on individuals with special needs and music education are handled in terms of various variables. In the research, it is aimed to examine the studies on individuals with special needs and music education conducted between the years 2000-2020 in Turkey. For this purpose, the distribution of studies according to publication year, publication type, university, journal in which they were published, subject area, type of disability, sample level, number of samples, research method, data collection tools and data analysis method were analyzed. The research group of the study consists of 27 articles, 27 master's theses and 4 doctoral theses, which were scanned with YOK National Thesis Center and Google Scholar on individuals with special needs and music education. Therefore, the contents of 58 studies included in the research were examined according to year, publication type, university, journal, subject, type of disability, sample group/number, research method, data collection tool and data analysis methods. The research is considered important in that the content analysis of the studies on individuals with special needs and music education gives an idea about the methods, data analysis, sample group that they will use for the researchers who want to work in this field in the future, and that there are few similar studies done in the field. The findings obtained from the research were arranged according to sub-problems and presented descriptively as frequency and percentage tables. In the research, the most studies on the subject were conducted in 2011 and 2016, these studies were published as articles and master's thesis, the most postgraduate thesis was published in Gazi University, the article was published in the Journal of the Faculty of Education of Abant İzzet Baysal University, most of the studies were conducted for mainstreaming students, and the most The results were obtained as many quantitative data analysis methods were preferred. Keywords: Individuals with special needs, music education, music therapy


2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Marc Raynaud ◽  
Valentin Goutaudier ◽  
Kevin Louis ◽  
Solaf Al-Awadhi ◽  
Quentin Dubourg ◽  
...  

Abstract Background The COVID-19 pandemic has severely affected health systems and medical research worldwide but its impact on the global publication dynamics and non-COVID-19 research has not been measured. We hypothesized that the COVID-19 pandemic may have impacted the scientific production of non-COVID-19 research. Methods We conducted a comprehensive meta-research on studies (original articles, research letters and case reports) published between 01/01/2019 and 01/01/2021 in 10 high-impact medical and infectious disease journals (New England Journal of Medicine, Lancet, Journal of the American Medical Association, Nature Medicine, British Medical Journal, Annals of Internal Medicine, Lancet Global Health, Lancet Public Health, Lancet Infectious Disease and Clinical Infectious Disease). For each publication, we recorded publication date, publication type, number of authors, whether the publication was related to COVID-19, whether the publication was based on a case series, and the number of patients included in the study if the publication was based on a case report or a case series. We estimated the publication dynamics with a locally estimated scatterplot smoothing method. A Natural Language Processing algorithm was designed to calculate the number of authors for each publication. We simulated the number of non-COVID-19 studies that could have been published during the pandemic by extrapolating the publication dynamics of 2019 to 2020, and comparing the expected number to the observed number of studies. Results Among the 22,525 studies assessed, 6319 met the inclusion criteria, of which 1022 (16.2%) were related to COVID-19 research. A dramatic increase in the number of publications in general journals was observed from February to April 2020 from a weekly median number of publications of 4.0 (IQR: 2.8–5.5) to 19.5 (IQR: 15.8–24.8) (p < 0.001), followed afterwards by a pattern of stability with a weekly median number of publications of 10.0 (IQR: 6.0–14.0) until December 2020 (p = 0.045 in comparison with April). Two prototypical editorial strategies were found: 1) journals that maintained the volume of non-COVID-19 publications while integrating COVID-19 research and thus increased their overall scientific production, and 2) journals that decreased the volume of non-COVID-19 publications while integrating COVID-19 publications. We estimated using simulation models that the COVID pandemic was associated with a 18% decrease in the production of non-COVID-19 research. We also found a significant change of the publication type in COVID-19 research as compared with non-COVID-19 research illustrated by a decrease in the number of original articles, (47.9% in COVID-19 publications vs 71.3% in non-COVID-19 publications, p < 0.001). Last, COVID-19 publications showed a higher number of authors, especially for case reports with a median of 9.0 authors (IQR: 6.0–13.0) in COVID-19 publications, compared to a median of 4.0 authors (IQR: 3.0–6.0) in non-COVID-19 publications (p < 0.001). Conclusion In this meta-research gathering publications from high-impact medical journals, we have shown that the dramatic rise in COVID-19 publications was accompanied by a substantial decrease of non-COVID-19 research. Meta-research registration https://osf.io/9vtzp/.


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