carbonaceous aerosols
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2022 ◽  
Vol 115 ◽  
pp. 10-24
Author(s):  
Hemraj Bhattarai ◽  
Lekhendra Tripathee ◽  
Shichang Kang ◽  
Pengfei Chen ◽  
Chhatra Mani Sharma ◽  
...  

Author(s):  
Soroush E Neyestani ◽  
Rawad Saleh

The month of August 2015 featured extensive wildfires in the Northwestern U.S. and no significant fires in Alaska and Canada. With the majority of carbonaceous aerosols (CA), including black carbon...


2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Huiyizhe Zhao ◽  
Zhenchuan Niu ◽  
Weijian Zhou ◽  
Sen Wang ◽  
Xue Feng ◽  
...  

Abstract. In this study, we investigated the characteristics of and changes in the sources of carbonaceous aerosols in northern Chinese cities after the implementation of the Action Plan for Air Pollution Prevention and Control in 2013. We collected PM2.5 samples from three representative inland cities, viz. Beijing (BJ), Xi’an (XA), and Linfen (LF) from January 2018 to April 2019. Elemental carbon (EC), organic carbon (OC), levoglucosan, stable carbon, and radiocarbon were measured in PM2.5 to quantify the sources of carbonaceous aerosol employing Latin hypercube sampling. The best estimate of source apportionment showed that the emissions from liquid fossil fuels contributed 33.6 ± 12.9 %, 26.6 ± 16.4 %, and 24.6 ± 13.4 % of the total carbon (TC) in BJ, XA, and LF, whereas coal combustion contributed 11.2 ± 9.1 %, 19.2 ± 12.3 %, and 39.2 ± 20.5 %, respectively. Non-fossil sources accounted for 55 ± 11 %, 54 ± 10 %, and 36 ± 14 % of the TC in BJ, XA, and LF, respectively. In XA, 48.34 ± 32.01 % of non-fossil sources was attributed to biomass burning. The highest contributors to OC in LF and XA were fossil sources (65.4 ± 14.9 % and 44.9 ± 9.5 %, respectively), whereas that in BJ was non-fossil sources in BJ (56.1 ± 16.7 %). The main contributors to EC were fossil sources, accounting for 92.9 ± 6.13 %, 69.9 ± 20.9 %, and 90.8 ± 9.9 % of the total EC in BJ, XA, and LF, respectively. The decline (6–17 %) in fossil source contributions in BJ and XA since the implementation of the Action Plan indicates the effectiveness of air quality management. We suggest that measures targeted to each city should be strengthened in the future.


Author(s):  
Luka Pirker ◽  
Žiga Velkavrh ◽  
Agnese Osīte ◽  
Luka Drinovec ◽  
Griša Močnik ◽  
...  

AbstractFireworks pollute the local atmosphere with various air pollutants, which can pose a health hazard for the local population. Mass and number concentrations of aerosols were measured before, during, and after the 2016/2017 New Year event in Ljubljana, Slovenia. Our findings highlight the negative impact of fireworks on the environment. First, both the mass concentration of black carbon and the number of concentrations of nanoparticles between 80 and 150 nm increased shortly after midnight. Second, on Jan 1, 2017, there was an increase in the average daily mass concentrations of PM10 and PM2.5. Third, on this day, our devices also detected increased air pollution by Al, Ba, Sr, and Cu, that is, heavy metals usually associated with fireworks. Their Jan 1 mass concentrations were more than 10 times (and Sr more than 140 times) higher than their average daily mass concentrations from Jan 3 (when their mass concentrations returned to more normal levels) to Jan 31. We also found that pairwise correlations between nanoparticles, PM10, and black carbon are positive, strong, and statistically significant. Besides carbon, the chemical analysis of the collected particles revealed the presence of typical elements used in pyrotechnic devices and their significant positive correlation.


Atmosphere ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (12) ◽  
pp. 1627
Author(s):  
Jeeyoung Ham ◽  
Inseon Suh ◽  
Meehye Lee ◽  
Hyunseok Kim ◽  
Soyoung Kim

In order to identify the seasonal variability and source of carbonaceous aerosols in relation to haze occurrence, organic carbon (OC) and elemental carbon (EC) were continuously measured at the Taehwa Research Forest (TRF) near the Seoul metropolitan area from May 2013 to April 2014. For the entire experiment, the mean OC (5.1 µgC/m3) and EC (1.7 µgC/m3) concentrations of TRF were comparable to those of Seoul, with noticeably higher concentrations in winter and spring than in other seasons, and during haze days (6.6 ± 3.2 and 2.1 ± 1.0 μgC/m3) than during non-haze days (3.5 ± 2.2 and 1.3 ± 0.8 μgC/m3). The seasonal characteristics of OC and EC reveal the various sources of haze, including biomass combustion haze either transported for long distances or, in spring, from domestic regions, the greatest contribution of secondary organic carbon (SOC) in summer, and fossil fuel combustion in winter and fall. In addition, the seasonal OC/EC ratios between haze and non-haze days highlights that the increase in EC was more distinct than that of OC during haze episodes, thus suggesting that EC observed at a peri-urban forest site serves as a useful indicator for seasonally varying source types of haze aerosols in the study region.


2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sudipta Ghosh ◽  
Sagnik Dey ◽  
Sushant Das ◽  
Nicole Riemer ◽  
Graziano Giuliani ◽  
...  

Abstract. Mitigation of carbonaceous aerosol emissions is expected to provide climate and health co-benefits. The accurate representation of carbonaceous aerosols in climate models is critical for reducing uncertainties in their climate feedbacks. In this regard, emission fluxes and aerosol life-cycle processes are the two primary sources of uncertainties. Here we demonstrate that incorporating a dynamic ageing scheme and emission estimates that are updated for the local sources improve the representation of carbonaceous aerosols over the Indian monsoon region in a regional climate model, RegCM, compared to its default configuration. The mean BC and OC surface concentrations in 2010 are estimated to be 4.25 and 10.35 μg m−3, respectively, over the Indo-Gangetic Plain (IGP), in the augmented model. The BC column burden over the polluted IGP is found to be 2.47 mg m−2, 69.95 % higher than in the default model configuration and much closer to available observations. The anthropogenic AOD increases by more than 19 % over the IGP due to the model enhancement, also leading to a better agreement with observed AOD. The top-of-the-atmosphere, surface, and atmospheric anthropogenic aerosol shortwave radiative forcing are estimated at −0.3, −9.3, and 9.0 W m−2, respectively, over the IGP and −0.89, −5.33, and 4.44 W m−2, respectively, over Peninsular India. Our results suggest that both the accurate estimates of emission fluxes and a better representation of aerosol processes are required to improve the aerosol life cycle representation in the climate model.


2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Suvarna Fadnavis ◽  
Prashant Chavan ◽  
Akash Joshi ◽  
Sunil Sonbawne ◽  
Asutosh Acharya ◽  
...  

Abstract. Atmospheric concentrations of South Asian anthropogenic aerosols and their transport play a key role in the regional hydrological cycle. Here, we use the ECHAM6-HAMMOZ chemistry-climate model to show the structure and implications of the transport pathways of these aerosols during spring. Our simulations indicate that large amounts of anthropogenic aerosols are transported from South Asia to the North Indian Ocean (the Arabian Sea and North Bay of Bengal). These aerosols are then lifted into the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere (UTLS) by the convection over the Arabian Sea and Bay of Bengal. In the UTLS, they are further transported to the southern hemisphere (30–40° S) and downward into the troposphere by the secondary circulation induced by the aerosol changes. The carbonaceous aerosols are also transported to the Arctic and Antarctic producing local heating (0.002–0.05 K d−1). The presence of anthropogenic aerosols causes negative radiative forcing (RF) at the TOA (0.90 ± 0.089 W m−2) and surface (−5.87 ± 0.31 W m−2) and atmospheric warming (+4.96 ± 0.24 W m−2) over South Asia (60° E–90° E, 8° N–23° N), except over the Indo-Gangetic plain (75° E–83° E, 23° N–30° N) where RF at the TOA is positive (+1.27 ± 0.16 W m−2) due to large concentrations of absorbing aerosols. The carbonaceous aerosols produced in-atmospheric heating along the aerosol column extending from the boundary layer to the UTLS (0.01 to 0.3 K d−1) and in the stratosphere globally (0.002 to 0.012 K d−1). The heating of the troposphere increases water vapor concentrations, which are then transported from the highly convective region (i.e. the Arabian Sea) to the UTLS (increasing water vapor by 0.02–0.06 ppmv).


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