Adaptasi Pertumbuhan Setek Bunga Krisan (Chrysanthemum sp.) Menggunakan Naungan di Banjarbaru, Kalimantan Selatan [Growth Adaptation of Chrysanthemum Cuttings (Chrysanthemum sp.) Using Shade in Banjarbaru, South Kalimantan]

<p>Banjarbaru merupakan salah satu daerah di Kalimantan Selatan yang memiliki prospek yang baik sebagai daerah pengembangan komoditas krisan. Pertumbuhan tanaman krisan sangat dipengaruhi oleh beberapa faktor, misalnya media tanam, ketersediaan air dan hara, iklim mikro, suhu, kelembaban, serta intensitas cahaya matahari tertentu sehingga untuk memenuhi kebutuhan akan cahaya yang optimal maka perlakuan naungan diperlukan selama fase pertumbuhannya. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui pengaruh persentase kerapatan pada naungan terhadap pertumbuhan setek krisan varietas Puspita Nusantara. Penelitian dilaksanakan pada Bulan November sampai Desember 2020, bertempat di Kebun Percobaan Jurusan Agroekoteknologi Fakultas Pertanian Universitas Lambung Mangkurat Banjarbaru. Metode yang digunakan pada penelitian yaitu Rancangan Acak Kelompok (RAK) dengan perlakuan kerapatan paranet, yaitu n1 (paranet dengan kerapatan 75%), n2 (paranet dengan kerapatan 100%), n3 (paranet dengan kerapatan 125%), dan n4 (paranet dengan kerapatan 150%), yang terdiri atas lima kelompok sehingga terdapat 20 satuan percobaan, dan setiap satuan percobaan terdapat lima unit tanaman. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa persentase naungan berpengaruh terhadap parameter jumlah daun, persentase setek hidup, dan tinggi tanaman yang tumbuh, tetapi tidak berpengaruh nyata pada saat awal muncul tunas. Perlakuan n2 berpengaruh paling baik terhadap persentase setek hidup (64%), jumlah daun (4,1 helai) serta tinggi tunas (4,26 cm).</p><p><strong>Keywords</strong></p><p>Krisan; Setek; Paranet; Iklim mikro</p><p><strong>Abstract </strong></p><p>Banjarbaru as one of the areas in South Kalimantan has good prospects as a chrysanthemum development area. The growth of chrysanthemums is strongly influenced by several factors, such as planting media, availability of water and nutrients, microclimate, temperature, humidity, and a certain intensity of sunlight, so to meet the need for optimal light, shade treatment is required during the growth phase. This study aims to determine the effect of the percentage density in the shade on the growth of chrysanthemum cuttings of the Puspita Nusantara variety. The research was carried out from November to December 2020, at the Experimental Garden of the Department of Agroecotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Lambung Mangkurat, Banjarbaru. The method used in this research is a Randomized Block Design (RBD) with the treatment of n1 (shading net with a density of 75%), n2 (shading net with a density of 100%), n3 (shading net with a density of 125%), and n4 (shading net with a density of 150%), which consisted of five groups so that there were 20 experimental units, and each experimental unit contained five plant units. The results showed that the percentage of shade affected the parameters of the number of leaves, the percentage of live cuttings, and plant height that grew, but had no significant effect on the initial emergence of shoots. The n2 treatment had the best effect on the percentage of live cuttings (64%), the number of leaves (4.1 strands), and shoots height (4.26 cm).</p><p> </p>

Spatial Distribution and Quantification of Mammographic Breast Density, and Its Correlation with BI-RADS Using an Image Segmentation Method

(1) Background: Mammographic breast density (MBD) and older age are classical breast cancer risk factors. Normally, MBDs are not evenly distributed in the breast, with different women having different spatial distribution and clustering patterns. The presence of MBDs makes tumors and other lesions challenging to be identified in mammograms. The objectives of this study were: (i) to quantify the amount of MBDs—in the whole (overall), different sub-regions, and different zones of the breast using an image segmentation method; (ii) to investigate the spatial distribution patterns of MBD in different sub-regions of the breast. (2) Methods: The image segmentation method was used to quantify the overall amount of MBDs in the whole breast (overall percentage density (PD)), in 48 sub-regions (regional PDs), and three different zones (zonal PDs) of the whole breast, and the results of the amount of MBDs in 48 sub-regional PDs were further analyzed to determine its spatial distribution pattern in the breast using Moran’s I values (spatial autocorrelation). (3) Results: The overall PD showed a negative correlation with age (p = 0.008); the younger women tended to have denser breasts (higher overall PD in breasts). We also found a higher proportion (p < 0.001) of positive autocorrelation pattern in the less dense breast group than in the denser breast group, suggesting that MBDs in the less dense breasts tend to be clustered together. Moreover, we also observed that MBDs in the mature women (<65 years old) tended to be clustered in the middle zone, while in older women (>64 years old) they tended to be clustered in both the posterior and middle zones. (4) Conclusions: There is an inverse relationship between the amount of MBD (overall PD in the breast) and age, and a different clustering pattern of MBDs between the older and mature women.

Optimum Temperature and Time for Acid Hydrolysis in Reducing Sugar Manufacturing from Arabica Coffee Cascara with Response Surface Methodology (RSM)

This research aims to utilize the Arabica coffee cascara waste as a resource for reducing sugar production, including the investigation on the temperature and time required of the acid hydrolysis. The samples were initially pretreated (drying and milling), followed by delignification with the organosolv technique using alcohol. Then, the hydrolysis was carried out using sulfuric acid (1%) at a particular temperature (95, 100, and 105 °C) and time (2, 4, and 6 h) variations. Yield percentage, density, and reducing concentration were analyzed in each trial to generate a response surface methodology model. Based on the results, the hydrolysis can be optimized at 96.46 °C for 2.59 h, yielding 16.7696% reducing sugar.

Mammographic density change in a cohort of premenopausal women receiving tamoxifen for breast cancer prevention over 5 years

Background A decrease in breast density due to tamoxifen preventive therapy might indicate greater benefit from the drug. It is not known whether mammographic density continues to decline after 1 year of therapy, or whether measures of breast density change are sufficiently stable for personalised recommendations. Methods Mammographic density was measured annually over up to 5 years in premenopausal women with no previous diagnosis of breast cancer but at increased risk of breast cancer attending a family-history clinic in Manchester, UK (baseline 2010-2013). Tamoxifen (20 mg/day) for prevention was prescribed for up to 5 years in one group; the other group did not receive tamoxifen and were matched by age. Fully automatic methods were used on mammograms over the 5-year follow-up: three area-based measures (NN-VAS, Stratus, Densitas) and one volumetric (Volpara). Additionally, percentage breast density at baseline and first follow-up mammograms was measured visually. The size of density declines at the first follow-up mammogram and thereafter was estimated using a linear mixed model adjusted for age and body mass index. The stability of density change at 1 year was assessed by evaluating mean squared error loss from predictions based on individual or mean density change at 1 year. Results Analysis used mammograms from 126 healthy premenopausal women before and as they received tamoxifen for prevention (median age 42 years) and 172 matched controls (median age 41 years), with median 3 years follow-up. There was a strong correlation between percentage density measures used on the same mammogram in both the tamoxifen and no tamoxifen groups (all correlation coeficients > 0.8). Tamoxifen reduced mean breast density in year 1 by approximately 17–25% of the inter-quartile range of four automated percentage density measures at baseline, and from year 2, it decreased further by approximately 2–7% per year. Predicting change at 2 years using individual change at 1 year was approximately 60–300% worse than using mean change at 1year. Conclusions All measures showed a consistent and large average tamoxifen-induced change in density over the first year, and a continued decline thereafter. However, these measures of density change at 1 year were not stable on an individual basis.

Characteristics of Mammographic Breast Density and Associated Factors for Chinese Women: Results from an Automated Measurement

Background. Characteristics of mammographic density for Chinese women are understudied. This study aims to identify factors associated with mammographic density in China using a quantitative method. Methods. Mammographic density was measured for a total of 1071 (84 with and 987 without breast cancer) women using an automatic algorithm AutoDensity. Pearson tests examined relationships between density and continuous variables and t-tests compared differences of mean density values between groupings of categorical variables. Linear models were built using multiple regression. Results. Percentage density and dense area were positively associated with each other for cancer-free (r=0.487, p<0.001) and cancer groups (r=0.446, p<0.001), respectively. For women without breast cancer, weight and BMI (p<0.001) were found to be negatively associated (r=-0.237, r=-0.272) with percentage density whereas they were found to be positively associated (r=0.110, r=0.099) with dense area; age at mammography was found to be associated with percentage density (r=-0.202, p<0.001) and dense area (r=-0.086, p<0.001) but did not add any prediction within multivariate models; lower percentage density was found within women with secondary education background or below compared to women with tertiary education. For women with breast cancer, percentage density demonstrated similar relationships with that of cancer-free women whilst breast area was the only factor associated with dense area (r=0.739, p<0.001). Conclusion. This is the first time that mammographic density was measured by a quantitative method for women in China and identified associations should be useful to health policy makers who are responsible for introducing effective models of breast cancer prevention and diagnosis.

The FHWA’s Demonstration Project for Enhanced Durability of Asphalt Pavements through Increased In-Place Pavement Density

Recognizing the importance of in-place density in building cost-effective asphalt pavements, a Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) Demonstration Project was created for “Enhanced Durability of Asphalt Pavements through Increased In-Place Pavement Density.” The objective of the demonstration project was to determine the benefit of additional compaction and show that additional density could be obtained through improved techniques. This project effort included two major components: (1) a literature search to serve as an educational component regarding the best practices for increasing density, and (2) the construction of 10 field demonstration projects. Eight of the 10 states improved densities by at least 1% compared to a control section on their field demonstration projects. There were at least two pavement sections (a control and at least one test section) constructed within each of the 10 states that participated in this field demonstration project. Many of the states constructed more than two pavement sections for a total of 38 sections. There were many variables, including mixture type, construction equipment, and procedures between states and within states. A summary of the methods that states used to obtain increased density generally fell into one of five categories: (1) improving the agency’s specification by including or increasing incentives and increasing the minimum percentage density requirements; (2) making engineering adjustments to the asphalt mixture design to obtain slightly higher optimum asphalt content (although not part of the original goal of the demonstration project); (3) improving consistency as measured by the standard deviation; (4) following best practices; and (5) using new technologies.

The effect of using synthetic fibers on some properties of modified juss

This paper examines the mechanical properties of a composite material made of modified Iraqi gypsum (juss) reinforced with polypropylene fibers. The modified juss was prepared by adding two percentages of cement (5, 10) %. Two percentages of polypropylene fibers were used, to reinforce the modified juss (1, 2) %. The water/dry compound ratio used was equal to 0.53%. The composite was evaluated based on compressive strength, flexural strengths, absorption percentage, density, acoustic impedance, ultra - pulse velocity, longitudinal shrinkage and setting time tests. The results indicated that the inclusion of cement on to juss increases the compressive strength, absorption percentage, density, acoustic impedance, ultra - pulse velocity, longitudinal shrinkage and a reduction in flexural strength and setting time were observed by adding the cement. In addition, the inclusion of polypropylene fiber was significant in improving mechanical performance of the composite material, it shows a great improvement in longitudinal shrinkage, modulus of rupture and absorption percentages.