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2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ellen Lai ◽  
Alexa L. Danner ◽  
Thomas R. Famula ◽  
Anita M. Oberbauer

Lameness is an animal welfare issue that incurs substantial financial and environmental costs. This condition is commonly caused by digital dermatitis (DD), sole ulcers (SU), and white line disease (WLD). Susceptibility to these three foot disorders is due in part to genetics, indicating that genomic selection against these foot lesions can be used to reduce lameness prevalence. It is unclear whether selection against foot lesions will lead to increased susceptibility to other common diseases such as mastitis and metritis. Thus, the aim of this study was to determine the genetic correlation between causes of lameness and other common health disorders to identify loci contributing to the correlation. Genetic correlation estimates between SU and DD and between SU and WLD were significantly different from zero (p < 0.05), whereas estimates between DD and mastitis, DD and milk fever, and SU and metritis were suggestive (p < 0.1). All five of these genetic correlation estimates were positive. Two-trait genome-wide association studies (GWAS) for each of these five pairs of traits revealed common regions of association on BTA1 and BTA8 for pairs that included DD or SU as one of the traits, respectively. Other regions of association were unique to the pair of traits and not observed in GWAS for other pairs of traits. The positive genetic correlation estimates between foot disorders and other health disorders imply that selection against foot disorders may also decrease susceptibility to other health disorders. Linkage disequilibrium blocks defined around significant and suggestive SNPs from the two-trait GWAS included genes and QTL that were functionally relevant, supporting that these regions included pleiotropic loci.


2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (6) ◽  
pp. 95-100
Author(s):  
Sheyla Cardoso Andrade ◽  
William Nicolas De Oliveira Coelho ◽  
Marcelo Albuquerque de Oliveira ◽  
Gabriela de Mattos Veroneze ◽  
Dércio Luiz Reis ◽  
...  

One of the growing concerns in companies in developed countries and in Brazil is to look for new ways to stay in the market, increasing their productivity and improving the quality of their products. The FMEA methodology allows us to avoid, through the analysis of potential failures and proposals for improvement actions, failures in the design of the product or process occur, in order to increase reliability. The reliability of a product is the reflection of the number of failures it presents when subjected to stress tests, thus helping in the detection of problems, determining the time to be offered as a guarantee and helping in the prevention of new failures. The objective of this article is to present a proposal for the application of an FMEA in a white line company, where there is a product with a high failure rate, in which this issue will be analyzed and direct proposals for improvements, seeking to reduce its occurrence in the product.


2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (11) ◽  
pp. 1779-1783
Author(s):  
Fathy Fawzy Morkos ◽  
◽  
Mohamed El Bahrawy ◽  
Rania Serag Elkitkat ◽  
◽  
...  

AIM: To propose a surgical technique that successfully reopened the empty and intact capsular bag after long periods of closure, with repositioning of the intraocular lens (IOL) from the ciliary sulcus into its preferred habitat inside the capsular bag. METHODS: This is a case series, prospective, and interventional study. The technique was first performed on an aphakic high myope with a closed posterior capsule for 18y. Afterwards, five patients with recurrently displaced sulcus IOLs for a range of 1mo to 7y were performed for the same technique. During surgery, identifying a “telltale white line” was an important landmark for detecting the site of major adhesions between the edge of the capsulorhexis and the posterior capsule. These adhesions were freed using combined manual and viscoelastic dissection, followed by an easier freeing of adhesions along the whole capsular bag. The IOL was safely implanted, exchanged, or introduced from the sulcus into the fibrotic and closed capsular bag. Patients were followed up for a period ranging from 6 to 17mo postoperatively. RESULTS: All the patients experienced a remarkable improvement in their subjective refraction. Slit lamp examination showed a postoperative centralized IOL in the bag. The follow up visits confirmed visual and IOL stability. CONCLUSION: This newly-introduced surgical technique facilitates the reopening of the empty yet intact capsular bag that has been closed by fibrotic proliferations, with secured implantation of the IOL inside the capsular bag. Patients with inadvertent implantation of IOLs into the ciliary sulcus, yet having an intact capsular bag, can benefit from this technique.


Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (22) ◽  
pp. 6768
Author(s):  
Namsu Park ◽  
Yeonghwan Song ◽  
Seon-Ho Jung ◽  
Junghan Song ◽  
Jongsup Lee ◽  
...  

The surface quality control of extruded products is a critical concern in the home appliance manufacturing industry owing to the increasing need for products with a high surface quality, in addition to the essential mechanical properties of the final product. The underlying issue with achieving high-quality extrusion products is that surface defects, especially those resulting in surface gloss differences, called white line defects, are only observed after surface treatment. In this study, we aim to investigate the cause of white line defect generation on the surface of an extruded product. Accordingly, an experimental extrusion program is established using an L-shaped die that has a noticeable change in its bearing length along the inner corner of its cross-sectional profile. Laboratory-scale experiments were performed for the L-shaped extrusion of homogenized Al 6063 alloy at various ram speeds, in order to induce surface defects, considering the production yield rate required for mass production. Subsequently, the microstructural changes near the surface failure region were investigated using an arbitrary Lagrangian–Eulerian (ALE) technique-based thermomechanical finite element (FE) analysis. To scale-up the defect observation method from laboratory-scale to production-scale manufacturing and confirm the reproducibility of the surface defect, scaled-up L-shaped extrusions were performed in an actual industrial production line. Finally, the potential cause of white line defect generation is discussed by comparing the numerical and metallurgical analyses, including the scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) observations.


2021 ◽  
Vol 53 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Claire Reymond ◽  
Christine Müller ◽  
Indre Grumbinaite

Word production is stimulated by images in treatment processes for people with aphasia (Heuer & Hallowell, 2007). Although stimulation through pictorial stimuli has a long tradition in aphasia therapy, there is a lack in research on which image stimuli are the most suitable for this purpose (Brown & Thiessen, 2018). Current research assumes that stimulation via photographic images evokes better and more direct retrieve of searched words, than stimulation by illustrations (Heuer, 2016). However, the illustrations investigated so far mostly comprise black and white line drawings and there are hardly any studies investigating possible effects of different image parameters as style, image cropping or perspective in relation to clear naming. We developed a visual concept of illustrated images enabling clear determinability of activities and objects. The 128 designed stimuli that meet linguistic research criteria were named by 62 students regarding "name agreement" and evaluated on a 5-point scale with respect to "visual complexity" and "image agreement". The illustrated images will be examined in a following study regarding the correctness of the naming by persons with aphasia and be compared with corresponding photographic stimuli. The analysis presented here is part of the study E-Inclusion, an interdisciplinary project that includes researchers in life science technology, linguistics and speech therapy as well as image research from the University of Applied Sciences and Art Northwestern Switzerland (FHNW).


2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (10) ◽  
pp. 219
Author(s):  
Athanasios I. Gelasakis ◽  
Aphrodite I. Kalogianni ◽  
Marios Moschovas ◽  
Eirini Tsimpouri ◽  
Theodoros Pnevmatikos ◽  
...  

The objectives of this study were to investigate temperature distribution at the sheep hoof and evaluate the reliability and diagnostic performance of infrared thermography (IRT) for the detection of footrot and white line disease (WLD) lesions in intensively reared dairy sheep. Hoof lesions were clinically assessed, and IRT was used to measure temperature distribution on hoof superficial tissue in 600 multiparous ewes. Binary regression models were developed and validated, and receiver operating characteristic curves were estimated to assess the predictive value and diagnostic performance of IRT for the detection of hoof lesions. The most sensitive prediction model for the detection of IFR was based on the difference between ambient and hoof heel temperature (sensitivity: 83.3%, specificity: 47.8%, and threshold value: 6.5 °C), whereas the most specific prediction model was based on the difference between ambient and coronary band temperature (sensitivity: 51.9%, specificity: 79.7%, and threshold value: 11.3 °C). In the case of WLD, the diagnostic performance of IRT had limited predictive value. IRT could be a useful tool for hoof health screening in dairy sheep. However, it must be cautiously adapted in cases where environmental, operating, and operator variables are not effectively controlled.


2021 ◽  
pp. 5-15
Author(s):  
Dmitriy Vladimirovich Lukanin ◽  
Grigory Vladimirovich Rodoman ◽  
Alexey Alexeevich Sokolov ◽  
Marina Sergeevna Klimenko

Among all the anatomical variants for the hiatal hernia development, a true paraesophageal hernia is the most rare. The clinical manifestations of this type of hiatal hernia are caused by the infringement of the diaphragmatic crus or by transient obstruction of the esophagus with the development of organic dysphagia. The leading method of instrumental diagnostics of this pathology is contrast x-ray study of the esophagus and stomach with functional tests. The article describes a clinical case of an incorrect interpretation of the symptoms of the disease and the results of EGD in favor of paraesophageal hernia in association with GERD in a patient with a large white line hernia under conditions of migration into the hernial sac of the stomach and duodenum.


2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kyle Groden ◽  
FERNANDO D. VILA ◽  
Li Li ◽  
Simon Bare ◽  
Susannah Scott ◽  
...  

The X-ray absorption near edge structure (XANES) can provide uniquely detailed information on the coordination environments of important Ga-containing materials with unknown structures, including catalytically-active materials. In this study, the Ga K-edge XANES was simulated using first principles-based methods for seven molecular Ga complexes, as well b-Ga2O3, in order to explore the chemical origins of the experimentally observed features. The theoretical spectra were computed using FEFF, CASTEP and StoBE, in order to assess the sensitivity of the results to the computational approach. While the XANES features depend on the Ga coordination environment, they are also sensitive to the electronegativity of the ligands and the symmetry at Ga. The white line position responds to changes in both the core state (due to differential screening) and the valence “p” states (arising from differences in ligand coordination).


2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xin Li ◽  
Yong Song ◽  
Hongjun Yu ◽  
Chuncheng Che ◽  
Hailin Xue
Keyword(s):  

Livestock ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (5) ◽  
pp. 254-260
Author(s):  
Rachel Clifton

Non-contagious foot diseases are the most important causes of lameness on some farms, and farmers are often concerned when they see abnormal feet. Granulomas, shelly hoof and white line abscesses are common non-contagious foot diseases on UK sheep farms. This article presents an overview of these diseases, including their clinical presentation, aetiology and epidemiology, and treatment and control.


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