Feminist Mining: A Step Towards Sustainable Mininig in India

Economic growth and development with least harm to the environment is one of the biggest challenges for the human. Mining which is considered to be the most inherently unsustainable industry, is at the same time, plays key role in the development process in India and across Globe. It occupy primary position in the supply chain, contributing to the foreign direct investment, exports, government taxes, GDP (National Income) and provide huge labour employment. This paper studies industrial elimination of women, prolong industrial patriarchy, impetuous production, rising demand pressure has added to the quadrupling problems of land degradation, disposal of over burden/waste discharge, deforestation, pollution(air, water, and noise), and damage to forest flora and fauna, occupational health hazards and extreme global environmental damage in a rapid, continuous manner. These continuous and multi-layered problems are giving us reason to re-visioning steps, where we went wrong. Theoretical foundation of eco-feminism traces that negligence and suppression of women in general and in the mining industry, is one of the probable cause that hit environment fiercely. With this in mind, this paper suggests theory of eco-feminism into male centric mining industry as a perspective which is more likely to lead to industrial sustainability, making it more responsible and may provide pro-environmental solutions to the industry. This feminist concept extending it from individualistic level into mining organisations proposes as one of the alternative to combine ecology and commerce to envision sustainability.

Decompensated Superior Oblique Palsy Secondary to Bilateral Nutritional Optic Neuropathy Following Bariatric Surgery

Optic neuropathy can occur secondary to nutritional deficiencies in patients who have undergone bariatric surgery. We present a unique case of a 39-year-old man, claiming to be generally healthy, who presented with intermittent vertical diplopia and bilateral decreased vision in each eye. Visual acuity was 6/18 in the right eye and 6/12 in the left eye. Ishihara testing was defective for both eyes. Automated visual fields showed a severe generalized reduction in sensitivity in both eyes. The patient had a left head tilt and a right intermittent hypertropia of 30 prism diopters in primary position. CT of the orbits revealed a right superior oblique of small caliber. On further questioning, the patient admitted to a history of bariatric surgery 7 years prior to presentation with failure to take any nutritional supplements. Blood work demonstrated deficiencies in folate, thiamine, and copper. Within 6 months of initiating nutritional supplements, the vision in each eye was markedly improved and the diplopia resolved. There was an associated normalization of thiamine and copper, but folate levels remained low. We believe that the nutritional deficiency caused a bilateral optic neuropathy and the resulting vision loss precipitated a manifestation of a congenital superior oblique palsy that had previously just been a phoria. The case emphasizes the importance of considering occult sensory etiologies of acquired strabismus.

Questioning the Premise

Given the gap between demand and supply, living donation is not going away any time soon. This chapter explores the book’s initial premise that the field of living donor organ transplantation is ethical, even if some specific applications are not, eg pre-mortem organ procurement of an imminently dying patient. Concerns regarding the appropriate moral limits to living solid organ donation by both eminent transplant physicians (Joseph Murray, Felix Rapaport) and the social scientists (Renée Fox, Judith Swazey) embedded in evaluating the practice are explored. This chapter reiterates the book’s primary position: only if living organ donors are regarded as patients in their own right can the moral limits of living solid organ donation be realized and living donors be given the full respect that they deserve.

Clinical Features of Excyclotorsion in the Non-Paretic Eye of Patients with Congenital Unilateral Superior Oblique Palsy

Background To investigate preoperative clinical features and postoperative results according to the correspondence between excyclotorsion and the paretic eye in patients with congenital unilateral superior oblique palsy (USOP).MethodsA retrospective review of medical charts was performed. The patients were divided into the accordance (ocular excyclotorsion in the paretic eye) and discordance (ocular excyclotorsion in the non-paretic eye) groups. The degree of excyclotorsion (scale, 0–4) was measured. Age, sex, hypertropia at the primary position, fixation preference, inferior oblique overaction, and degree of excyclotorsion were measured.ResultsNinety-eight patients were included in this study. There were 70 (71.4%) and 28 patients (28.6%) in the accordance and discordance groups. Sixteen patients (22.9%) in the accordance group and 12 patients (42.9%) in the discordance group were aged under 2 years (p = 0.04). A fixation preference of the paretic eye was observed in 2 (2.9%) and 8 (28.6%) patients in the accordance and discordance groups (p < 0.01). The postoperative degree of excyclotorsion in the accordance group (0.14 ± 0.39) was lower than that in the discordance group (0.28 ± 0.71) (p = 0.01). The residual postoperative excyclotorsion (>1) in the discordance group were observed in the discordance group (14 patients, 50%) and accordance group (16 patients, 22.9%) (p = 0.01).Conclusion Preoperative discordance between excyclotorsion and the paretic eye was observed in patients who were under 2 years of age and preferred fixation of the paretic eye. The postoperative degree of excyclotorsion was lower in the accordance group.

Medial rectus disinsertion for management of chronic complete sixth nerve palsy

Purpose To report the outcomes of the medial rectus (MR) disinsertion procedure for the management of refractory esotropia (ET) with or without Abnormal head posture (AHP) in chronic complete sixth nerve palsy. Methods This is a retrospective case series of patients with sixth nerve palsy who suffered from residual ET and diplopia following the conventional strabismus surgeries and underwent MR disinsertion procedure between April 2017 and February 2020. This procedure was offered to the patients who declined to use prism and did not wish to perform surgery on the fellow eye. The demographic and clinical data, including sex, age, visual acuity, pre and postoperative angle of strabismus, duction limitations, results of forced duction and force generation tests, details of prior strabismus surgeries, orbital CT scan findings, and follow up duration were collected from the medical records. Results Six patients were enrolled in this study. Mean age was 35.0 ± 14.0 years, and mean follow-up was 15.3 ± 5.9 months. The ET at the Primary position (PP) was 35.0 ± 18.4 prism dioptre (PD) before MR disinsertion, which decreased to 14.2 ± 17.4 PD after MR disinsertion procedure. Four cases needed additional complementary surgeries to improve residual ET in PP. No case developed overcorrection. Abduction deficiency was −5.0 ± 1.3 before MR disinsertion, which improved to − 2.8 ± 0.5 units at last follow-up. The mean of induced adduction deficiency was − 2.9 ± 0.4 at last follow-up. Conclusions MR disinsertion can be considered in patients with chronic complete sixth nerve palsy and refractory diplopia when the conventional methods have failed.

Changes in Hypertropia in Patients with Asymmetric Inferior Oblique Overaction after Symmetric Inferior Oblique Myectomy

Purpose: This study assessed the effects of bilateral inferior oblique myectomy for hypertropia on the preoperative vertical deviation angle in patients with asymmetric primary inferior oblique overaction (IOOA).Methods: This study included patients who underwent bilateral inferior oblique myectomy and lateral rectus recession due to asymmetric primary IOOA and intermittent exotropia, and were followed up for at least 6 months postoperatively. Pre- and post-operative vertical deviation angles were compared. The correlation between the extent of correction of vertical deviation after surgery and residual hypertropia, according to the preoperative degree of vertical deviation and difference between bilateral IOOA, was evaluated.Results: This study included 178 eyes from 89 patients. The angle of hypertropia in the primary position was reduced from 3.2 ± 2.2 prism diopters (PD) preoperatively to 0.5 ± 2.5 PD postoperatively (Wilcoxon signed-rank test, p < 0.001). No significant correlation was observed between the preoperative interocular difference in IOOA and postoperative extent of correction of the vertical deviation (r = 0.044, p = 0.684), or between the preoperative difference in bilateral IOOA and residual hypertropia (Spearman's rank-order correlation, r = -0.084, p = 0.432). Increased preoperative hypertropia correlated with a greater extent of surgical correction of the vertical deviation (r = 0.733, p < 0.001). Preoperative hypertropia had no significant correlation with residual hypertropia (Spearman's rank-order correlation, r = 0.182, p = 0.087).Conclusions: In symmetric bilateral inferior oblique myectomy with bilateral lateral rectus recession for asymmetric bilateral primary IOOA with V-type intermittent exotropia, a positive correlation between the degree of preoperative vertical deviation and extent of correction of the vertical deviation was observed. Additionally, IOOA and hypertropia were significantly improved postoperatively.

Gravitation

Gravitation: Modes of Reading in the Anthropocene In this article, I suggest ‘gravitation’ as a new way of reading in and for the anthropocene, which is characterised by environmentally destructive ‘social acceleration’. This reading practice would imply two things: First, that representations of the natural environment take a primary position in relation to the characters in many genres, including those where nature so far has been read as a highly conventional construction. It also involves acknowledging that ultimately, characters are positioned by the physical environment in these genres, as characters, in one way or the other, can never exist unrelated to the environment that encompass and cut through them. These genres I suggest be called ‘gravitating genres’. Second, and in a similar fashion, I suggest the term ‘gravitating reading’ to denote reading of physical books, which in this context becomes a highly preferred medium. This term partly coincides with that of ‘deep reading’ suggested by Mangen, but in addition, it also recognizes the dependency of both the reader and the medium on the natural environment. Together, these two practices amount to, I suggest, nothing less than a mutually sustainable economy of reading.

Worldwide outcomes of nasal transposition of the split lateral rectus muscle for strabismus associated with 3rd-nerve palsy

Background/aimsTo determine success rate and complications associated with nasal transposition of the split lateral rectus muscle (NTSLR) for treating strabismus from 3rd-nerve palsy.MethodsAn international, multicentre, registry of patients with unilateral 3rd-nerve palsy treated with NTSLR was created. Patients with concurrent surgery on the contralateral eye were excluded. Primary outcome was horizontal alignment within 15 prism dioptres (PD) of orthotropia. Incidence of technical difficulties and vision-threatening complications by 6 months post-procedure were reported.ResultsNinety-eight patients met inclusion criteria. Median age was 33.5 years (IQR 10.75–46). Aetiologies included congenital (31%), neoplastic (16%) and traumatic (15%). Twenty-five per cent of patients had prior ipsilateral strabismus surgery. Median exotropia decreased from 70PD preoperatively (IQR 50–90) to 1PD postoperatively (IQR 0–15.5), with a success rate of 69%. Performing concurrent superior oblique muscle tenotomy (SOT) was independently associated with success (p=0.001). Technical challenges occurred in 30% of cases, independently associated with a history of ipsilateral strabismus surgery (p=0.01). Eleven per cent of patients had vision-threatening complications, independently associated with more posterior placement of the split lateral rectus (LR) muscle (p<0.001), and most commonly transient serous choroidal effusion. Surgical placement of the split LR muscle within 4.25 mm of the medial rectus (MR) muscle insertion reduced this risk.ConclusionNTSLR significantly improved primary position alignment altered by 3rd-nerve palsy. Concurrent SOT and placement of the split LR muscle ≤4.25 mm posterior to the MR muscle insertion optimised outcomes. NTSLR proved technically challenging when prior ipsilateral strabismus surgery had been performed.

Computer Network Security Technology Based on Java

With the rapid development of Internet, network security occupies the primary position in computer technology. It is mainly to ensure the security of information, can make the information in the network safe transmission. Next, also want to prevent the invasion of soft virus infection. At present, there are many kinds of technologies to maintain network information security. Such as firewalls, anti-virus software technology, file encryption and digital signature technology. This paper describes the vulnerability of network security and the importance of maintaining its security, mainly study the role of Java in computer network security technology and its application in which, finally based on Java network security technology and some other comparison, draw its advantages.

Studying Effects of Laser Penetration-Depth and Temperature on the Stability of Gabapentin-Loaded Au Nanoparticles

Herein, release of gabapentin molecules from gold nanoparticles (Au NPs) is studied by using two kinds of laser beams. The first is a green laser, which matches well with the frequency of the Au NPs’ SPR and the second is a red laser that has the longest penetration depth in the tissue. Au NPs are synthesized by the Turkevich method and characterized with different techniques such as FT-IR, XRD, TEM, UV-VIS, and DLS. Then, the effects of two green and red lasers as well as temperature are investigated in the delivery of gabapentin drug molecules from Au NPs. Slices of chicken breast muscle with different thicknesses are also used in order to disclose an experimental condition close to the in vivo study. The drug release amount is, then, correlated with the return of the absorption-peak to its primary position. The effects of temperature and penetration depth of the laser beam investigated on the UV-VIS spectrum of Au NPs and the results are compared to attain the best release conditions. It is found that although the green laser is better than the red one to stimulate the SPR of Au NPs, however, the red laser is preferred for the drug delivery purposes due to its greater penetration depth. Also, increasing the temperature of the capped nanocolloid enhances the rate of drug release by the laser irradiation. Therefore, this investigation is helpful to understand the effect of temperature and a red laser beam on different metallic nanoparticles carrying drug molecules.