A Mixed Study on the Effectiveness of Verbal Praise in Primary School Class

Verbal praise is frequently used as motivation by teachers in class and truly effective verbal praise plays an important role in maintaining classroom order and stimulating positive student behavior. In this study, students from three classes of X Primary School of Jiangxi Province were interviewed and 328 verbal praise expressions collected. The subsequent empirical study on the effectiveness of verbal praise in four dimensions, namely content, spatiality, subjectivity and time, found that verbal praise generates both shallow and deep effects. The shallow effects act as a foundation for deep effects but do not necessarily result in deep effects. Other conditions are required to actualize a deep effect.

Factors affecting health services strategic purchasing for breast cancer patients: a mixed study in Iran

Background Inappropriate ways of health services purchasing for cancer patients can be challengeable and costly and seriously affect the access to health services and outcomes. This study aimed at Factors affecting health services strategic purchasing for breast cancer patients. Methods As a mixed study, this research was conducted in Iran in 2020. In the qualitative phase, 21 specialists and professionals in the field of health services purchasing were purposefully selected and interviewed. After data saturation, interviews were analyzed with the framework analysis and a structured questionnaire was made based on these analyses. 400 breast cancer patients were selected by randomized sampling and completed the questionnaire. Data were analyzed with SPSS23 in p < .05. Results The highest mean rate of the three main categories belonged to “insurance trusteeship” (4.71 ± .35), followed by “supply management” (4.48 ± .27) and “financial performance” (4.48 ± .37). There were significantly differences between the mean rates of the main categories and the cut-off point (p < .001). In addition, “insurance trusteeship” ranked first (2.58), followed by financial performance (1.77) and supply management (1.65). Conclusion Of main components in health services strategic purchasing for breast cancer patients, insurance trusteeship, supply management, and financial performance ranked first to third, respectively. Therefore, healthcare policy-makers should consider the placement of insurance trusteeship and coordinate between purchasers and providers for making reform in the health system.

Perceptions, relationships, expectations, and challenges: Views of communication and research for scientific dissemination in Brazilian Federal Institutes

Communicating Brazilian science still seems to be a challenge for journalists and researchers of public institutions of education and science. In this sense, this research aims to identify and analyze scientists’ perceptions regarding the work of journalists, the relationship between these groups, the expectations, and the challenges of science communication in two Federal Institutes of Education in Brazil. We conducted a mixed study in the qualitative stage with the participation of 30 interviewees, and in the quantitative stage, journalists and researchers answered a questionnaire (n = 242). Our results indicated that the work of science communication is not carried out properly in both Institutes and that there is a lack of articulated work among both journalists, communicators, and researchers. The relationship between these groups needs to be built jointly. In this respect, the biggest challenges are to institutionalize science communication, establish a science communication plan, and overcome internal relationship barriers. Our results may underpin science communication policies and policies for scientific dissemination both institutional or even national levels.

Indikator sikap karakter disiplin siswa berbasis hadis-hadis Bukhari dan hierarkinya menurut Wali Kelas SDIT di Jakarta

<p class="15bIsiAbstractBInggris"><em>The formation of disciplined character is one of the important aspects in primary education. This study aims to formulate attitude indicators taken from disciplined character education that is based on Bukhari ahâdîth and to explore the perceptions of homeroom teachers at SDIT in Jakarta on these attitude indicators. This research is a mixed study with a literature study approach and an analytic network process approach. The indicators of discipline character attitudes that are formulated are obeying, being responsible, not bullying, and being polite. The homeroom teachers have the opinion that the most significant variables as indicators, are obedience (0.33), responsibility (0.27), respect and courtesy (0.21), and not bullying (0.11).</em></p><p class="15cKeywordsBInggris"><strong><br /></strong></p><p class="16aJudulAbstrak"><strong>Abstrak</strong></p><p class="16bIsiAbstrak">Pembentukan karakter disiplin salah satu aspek penting dalam pendidikan dasar. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk merumuskan indikator sikap hasil pendidikan karakter disiplin dari hadis-hadis Bukhari serta menggali persepsi wali kelas SDIT di Jakarta atas indikator sikap tersebut. Penelitian ini adalah penelitian campuran dengan pendekatan studi pustaka serta pendekatan <em>analytic network process</em>. Indikator sikap karakter disiplin yang terumuskan adalah taat, bertanggung jawab, tidak merundung dan bersikap santun. Para wali kelas berpendapat bahwa variabel yang paling signifikan sebagai indikator secara berturut-turut adalah sikap taat (0,33), bertanggung jawab (0,27), hormat dan santun (0,21) dan tidak merundung (0,11).</p>

Sample of A Mixed Study

the abstract is not available.

A triangulated study on non-pharmacological management of Alzheimer’s disease in Mauritius

BackgroundDementia is a neurodegenerative disease, with more than 50 million people in the world. Of this, nearly 60% are living in the low and middle-income countries1. Mauritius has a rising population of elderly people, represented as 7.5% above 65 years and it is expected to rise2. Currently, 14,000 people with Alzheimer’s disease (AD), show very modest improvements with pharmacological therapies. Alzheimer’s Association in Mauritius, the only NGO, which assist person with AD and offer multiple non-pharmacological therapies (NPT). These include cognitive training, reminiscence therapy, physical activity, socialization among other. Therefore, the influence of NPT were of high interest.MethodA mixed study design composing of 2 studies. Firstly, pre-validated questionnaires such as Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE), Activities of Daily Living (ADL) and Instrumental Activities of Daily Living (IADL), followed by statistical analysis. Secondly, one-to-one interviews consisting of semi-structured and open questions were audio-recorded. 7 main themes emerged from the data, by thematic analysis. Lastly, a linking process to “match” for similarity and/or compare the “unmatched” results from above mentioned studies. This is known as methodological triangulation in mixed studies.ResultQuantitative data (n=42) analysis showed a direct statistical decline in higher function (IADL) with respect to decreasing cognition. Qualitative study (n=20) emerged with 7 main themes among which ‘dependency in AD’ was a main theme. Mixed study results showed 6 out of 7 main themes were linked to/ matching to statistical results after triangulation.ConclusionNPT is an effective tool in the management of AD in Mauritius. Triangulated studies allowed in depth analysis of the patient.

Designing a Model for Effective Implementation of Promoting Natural Childbirth Program: A Mixed Study

Background: The World Health Organization (WHO) has considered the ideal rate for cesarean sections to be 10 - 15%. The Iran Ministry of Health introduced the promoting natural childbirth program (PNCP) in 2014 to lower cesarean sections. Objectives: This study presents a model for the implementation of the PNCP. Methods: A mixed study was conducted to determine and prioritize the factors affecting the implementation of PNCP and present a model. We conducted a qualitative study to determine the effective factors of the program by examining the views of 15 gynecologists, anesthesiologists, midwives, and managers in 2019 at Zabol Medical Sciences University. Semi-structured individual and group interviews were used and analyzed with MAXQDA16. In the quantitative phase, a questionnaire of themes was prepared and ranked by 10 experts based on the Likert scale. Then, we used the technique for order performance by similarity to ideal solution with BT TOPSIS solver software to confirm and rank the themes and design a model. Results: The model included six main themes extracted from the qualitative phase. In the quantitative phase, they were approved and prioritized by experts in the following order: 1- Creating a culture for natural childbirth; 2- Strong and committed leadership; 3- Empowerment; 4- Education; 5- Comprehensive support; and 6- Optimization. Conclusions: The model can provide useful insight for policymakers and care providers to make more qualified decisions, determine the status quo, allocate resources, and enforce policies.