Determination of Piles Bearing Capacity using Empirical Methods and (AllPile 6) Software -Cases studies Portsudan and Khartoum Cities

Different methods have been used to determine the pile bearing capacity such as static equations, dynamic equations, empirical methods (EMs), numerical methods, computer software programs, and the pile static load test, these methods were giving different values for pile bearing capacity. In this paper, three empirical methods (Ems) have been selected (Brinch-Hansen, Chin-Kondner, and Decourt) and (AllPile 6) software (AP) has been applied to determine the capacity load of piles for six cases study of drilled concrete piles with a diameter ranging from 800 mm to 1500mm and embedded length ranged 10.5m to 26m. Four of those six piles are located at Portsudan city near the red seacoast and two piles are located in Khartoum city. The results of the pile bearing capacity (PC) calculations obtained using the above-mentioned different methods were compared with results produced by the pile load test. In all six cases study, the settlement of piles was limited, settlement failure was not reached. The results show that the AllPile 6 (AP) and the three mentioned empirical methods (Ems) gave reasonable piles bearing capacity, the (AP) and (BHM) gave the better result than the CKM and DM. While (DM) gave results similar to results determined using the (CKM). However, it was not preferred to use the (CKM) and (DM), unless the failure settlement has occurred in the pile load test.

Synoptic Analysis for the Daily Rains of the City of Baghdad

To know the reasons for changing the daily rainfall amount, cases study were chosen for Baghdad station by specifying the maximum and minimum daily rain for the months of the rainy season for each year of the study period (2007-2018). The behavior of daily rainfall for the rainy season varying temporally with maximum (89 mm) and minimum (0.1mm). Synoptic analysis of weather chart for pressure levels (300, 500, 700, 850, and surface) was performed. Visible images of satellites were used to determine the quantities of the cloud for the selected cases. The results showed that synoptic analysis in all cases occurs due to the presence of a jet stream in the upper atmosphere, accompanied by the presence of a basin at the level of 300 hectopascals with an enhancement of relative humidity exceeding 70% at the level of 700 hectopascals, but the presence of the front makes the amount of rain greater in the absence of it. At the level of 850 hectopascals and the surface, the depressions that affect Iraq also differ in their severity and the amount of moisture loaded.