suburban environment
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2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Kelly Clark

<p>High schools are a significant physical and social component within the suburban environment. These campus like institutions represent a marked change from the homogenous residential suburban environments they are situated within. These school environments posses many urban qualities such as building density and enclosure. This thesis investigates the physical relationship between high schools and the suburban environment and examines how this relationship can be improved. A review of the relevant literature has been conducted in unison with a graphic analysis of sixteen existing New Zealand High schools. Several concepts emerged from these investigations. Of greatest significance were the concepts of New Urbanism, of which the ideas of walkable and multi-use environments, and increased density were of greatest relevance. These ideas were found to align cohesively with those of Roy Stricklands City of Learning concept. Further, the graphic analysis revealed that the school and suburban environments are deficient in three key areas. These are permeability, the built interface between school and suburb, and the suburban environments functional segregation. The research then investigates how both physical and functional connections between school and suburb can be increased to correct these deficiencies. Cashmere High School, Christchurch, was selected for the design case study as it was representative of many of the salient issues identified. The research finds that permeability within the studied suburbs is poor; secondly it finds that school buildings are disengaged from their surrounding context. In addition it finds that school environments posses many urban like qualities such as density, variety and walkability. Finally the research concludes that school environments can be better integrated into their suburban environment.</p>


2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Kelly Clark

<p>High schools are a significant physical and social component within the suburban environment. These campus like institutions represent a marked change from the homogenous residential suburban environments they are situated within. These school environments posses many urban qualities such as building density and enclosure. This thesis investigates the physical relationship between high schools and the suburban environment and examines how this relationship can be improved. A review of the relevant literature has been conducted in unison with a graphic analysis of sixteen existing New Zealand High schools. Several concepts emerged from these investigations. Of greatest significance were the concepts of New Urbanism, of which the ideas of walkable and multi-use environments, and increased density were of greatest relevance. These ideas were found to align cohesively with those of Roy Stricklands City of Learning concept. Further, the graphic analysis revealed that the school and suburban environments are deficient in three key areas. These are permeability, the built interface between school and suburb, and the suburban environments functional segregation. The research then investigates how both physical and functional connections between school and suburb can be increased to correct these deficiencies. Cashmere High School, Christchurch, was selected for the design case study as it was representative of many of the salient issues identified. The research finds that permeability within the studied suburbs is poor; secondly it finds that school buildings are disengaged from their surrounding context. In addition it finds that school environments posses many urban like qualities such as density, variety and walkability. Finally the research concludes that school environments can be better integrated into their suburban environment.</p>


2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (17) ◽  
Author(s):  
Boo Ho Voon ◽  
Liping Wang ◽  
Ai Kiat Teo

Many emerging economies have allocated significant amount of resource for sustainable suburbanization and development initiatives to serve and care for the targeted communities for happier households. The governments, private enterprises, and NGOs have been working together for sustainable suburban socio-economic development. Their sustainability practices and good quality service have helped to achieve the desired development outcomes for a better quality of life for the stakeholders. This paper aims to share the case study of Batu Kawa Suburb (Kuching, Sarawak) and the related lessons from Shaoxing (Zhejiang, China) to understand sustainable suburbanization environment and service for sustainability.  Keywords: Sustainable suburban environment; Service. eISSN: 2398-4287© 2021. The Authors. Published for AMER ABRA cE-Bs by e-International Publishing House, Ltd., UK. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). Peer–review under responsibility of AMER (Association of Malaysian Environment-Behaviour Researchers), ABRA (Association of Behavioural Researchers on Asians/Africans/Arabians) and cE-Bs (Centre for Environment-Behaviour Studies), Faculty of Architecture, Planning & Surveying, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia. DOI:


2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Isaac Chukwutem Abiodun ◽  
Joshua Idogho

Propagation path loss exponent is an important component of system design, and knowing the values helps to avoid surprises when the actual service begins. The path loss exponent is known to be critical in establishing the coverage of any new cellular network. Estimating the path loss exponent of any environment requires raising new data sets, which can be accomplished by conducting experiments. With this objective, the present study reports the L-band signal RSS level measurements of 6 GSM base stations in the urban, suburban and rural environments of Ondo and Ekiti States in the Southwestern region of Nigeria. Using a Sony Ericsson TEMS phone monitoring device—connected to a laptop equipped with TEMS software and base station cell reference—and a GPS device, RSS measurements were performed in each sector of the base station up to 1200 m, employing a single sector verification method. The values of path loss exponents were computed from the deduced values of path loss at 50 m intervals up to distances of 1200 m. Close to the base station, the following exponent values were observed—between 2.0 and 3.8 in the urban environment, 2.0 to 2.8 in the suburban environment while for the rural environment, 1.5 to 2.6 we're observed. After the breakpoint distance, higher path loss exponent values of up to 6 was recorded in the urban environment, exponent value of up to 4.3 was observed in the suburban environment and up to 3.5 exponent value in the rural environment. It was also observed that the rural environment presented the longest breakpoint distance of 500 m. The high path loss exponents observed, especially in the urban environment, could cause GSM operators to rethink the margins they have provided. This study is useful for the design of upcoming network systems in these regions and in similar regions.


2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 371-379 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhongxiu BAO ◽  
Pengfei HAN ◽  
Ning ZENG ◽  
Di LIU ◽  
Qixiang CAI ◽  
...  

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 115-121
Author(s):  
Jason E. Cohn ◽  
Jordan J. Licata ◽  
Sammy Othman ◽  
Tom Shokri ◽  
Seth Zwillenberg

Introduction: Assault appears to be the most frequent cause of facial fractures in certain urban trauma centers, possibly due to the ease of acquiring weapons and increasingly aggressive behavior. The objectives of this study were to identify specific demographic, socioeconomic, maxillofacial fracture, and assault patterns in urban versus suburban communities. Methods: A retrospective chart review of patients who sustained maxillofacial fractures from August 2014 through August 2016 at one urban campus, Einstein Medical Center, Philadelphia, and two suburban campuses, Einstein Medical Center Montgomery and Elkins Park. The χ2 testing was used to compare the categorical variables between the 2 groups. Results: A total of 259 maxillofacial trauma patients were identified, with 204 (79%) in the urban and 55 (21%) in the suburban environment. Patients in the urban population were more likely to be African American (70% vs 33%) and Hispanic (15% vs 6%) but less likely to be Caucasian (12% vs 55%, P < .0001). Urban patients were more likely to be single (70% vs 47%, P < .01), unemployed (64% vs 44%, P < .001), and receive Medicaid coverage (58% vs 26%, P < .001). Urban patients were more likely to be victims of assault (63% vs 44%), whereas suburban patients were more likely to sustain accidental injuries (16% vs 2%, P < .0001). Urban victims were more likely to be assaulted with an object (30% vs 12%) or gun (7% vs 0%, P = .05). Conclusion: Maxillofacial trauma patterns were shown to be significantly different in the urban versus suburban environment.


2019 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
pp. 7-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zbigniew Zając ◽  
Joanna Kulisz ◽  
Aneta Woźniak

The striped field mouse, Apodemus agrarius, is one of the most abundant species among small rodents in Poland. It occurs commonly across the whole country inhabiting diverse ecological niches as meadows, farmlands, enclaves of natural habitats in cities. Wide range of ecological tolerance of this species makes it often the host, reservoir and vector of many pathogens: viruses, bacteria, protozoa, helminths and arthropods. The aim of the present study was to carry out a qualitative and quantitative analysis of the fleas community and intestinal tapeworms of A. agrarius in suburban environment of Lublin (eastern Poland). In studied population three species of Siphonaptera class i.e. Ctenophthalmus agyrtes, Nosopsyllus fasciatus, Hystrichopsylla talpae and one intestine Cestoda species Hymenolepis diminuta were identified. The results of our researches confirmed role of A. agrarius as the reservoir for tapeworms and host for fleas in urban environment. High level of the prevalence of fleas and tapeworms in rodents indicates the significant degree of contamination and can cause an epidemiological threat for human’s health.


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