CO2 Injection Deformation Monitoring Based on UAV and InSAR Technology: A Case Study of Shizhuang Town, Shanxi Province, China

Carbon Capture, Utilization and Storage, also referred to as Carbon Capture, Utilization and Sequestration (CCUS), is one of the novel climate mitigation technologies by which CO2 emissions are captured from sources, such as fossil power generation and industrial processes, and further either reused or stored with more attention being paid on the utilization of captured CO2. In the whole CCUS process, the dominant migration pathway of CO2 after being injected underground becomes very important information to judge the possible storage status as well as one of the essential references for evaluating possible environmental affects. Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (InSAR) technology, with its advantages of extensive coverage in surface deformation monitoring and all-weather traceability of the injection processes, has become one of the promising technologies frequently adopted in worldwide CCUS projects. In this study, taking the CCUS sequestration area in Shizhuang Town, Shanxi Province, China, as an example, unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) photography measurement technology with a 3D surface model at a resolution of 5.3 cm was applied to extract the high-resolution digital elevation model (DEM) of the study site in coordination with InSAR technology to more clearly display the results of surface deformation monitoring of the CO2 injection area. A 2 km surface heaving dynamic processes before and after injection from June 2020 to July 2021 was obtained, and a CO2 migration pathway northeastward was observed, which was rather consistent with the monitoring results by logging and micro-seismic studies. Additionally, an integrated monitoring scheme, which will be the trend of monitoring in the future, is proposed in the discussion.

Energy Efficiency Strategies For Future Educational Buildings: A Case Study in Madrid

BackgroundThis paper presents a new-built school that works disconnected from the grid and uses energy from renewable sources. The design is based on a necessary condition from the developer to achieve extremely low energy demands for heating and cooling and total primary energy according to the Passivhaus Plus standard: Furthermore, the total energy consumed can be generated on-site from renewable sources. Through energy efficiency management systems, a very low rate of CO2 emissions are achieved. ResultsIn addition to meeting the requirements established by the Passivhaus accreditation, the strategies achieve high levels of internal “well-being” for students and staff members, as recognised in other environmental certifications. This is possible through a holistic and bioclimatic design principle integrated in architectural design. ConclusionsThe installation’s design solves the main challenge in educational use: to respond to the high variations of occupancy in the classrooms and to guarantee a stable temperature and optimum air quality, but, in addition, minimum energy consumption is achieved, and prioritising passive energy sources (GSHX) overactive sources (heat pumps) employing integrated monitoring systems.The educational component in design is fundamental; the building is conceived as an extra learning tool for the pupils involved in the energy process in the building. This promotes awareness and sensitivity to the environmental challenges ahead.This is the first Spanish building (Figure 1) awarded by the Passive House Institute (2021).

Dynamic and Full-Time Acquisition Technology and Method of Ice Data of Yellow River

Regarding the ice periods of the Yellow River, it is difficult to obtain ice data information. To effectively grasp the ice evolution process in the ice periods of the typical reach of the Yellow River, a fixed-point air-coupled radar remote monitoring device is proposed in this paper. The device is mainly composed of an air-coupled radar ice thickness measurement sensor, radar water level measurement sensor, temperature measurement sensor, high-definition infrared night vision instrument, remote switch control, telemetry communication machine, solar and wind power supply, lightning protection, and slewing arm steel tower. The integrated monitoring device can monitor ice thickness, water level, air temperature, ice surface temperature, and other related parameters in real time. At present, devices have obtained the ice change process of fixed points in ice periods from 2020 to 2021. Through a comparison with manual data, the mean error of the monitoring results of the water level and ice thickness was approximately 1 cm. The device realizes the real-time monitoring of ice thickness and water level change in the whole cycle at the fixed position. Through video monitoring, it can take pictures and videos regularly and realize the connection between the visual river and monitoring data. The research results provide a new model and new technology for hydrological monitoring in the ice periods of the Yellow River, which has broad application prospects.

Energy-saving design and implementation in metro weak current systems: a case study of the Kunming metro system

With the accelerated urbanization in China, along with the growing scale of the metro transportation network, the energy consumption of metro systems continues to increase. To face the tough challenge of climate change, China has put forward the goal of peak carbon emissions by 2030 and achieving carbon neutrality by 2060. Energy consumption has become a serious burden for metro operation companies, since 10.2% of the total operational budgets is spent on electricity. Thus the development of methods to realize energy saving and emission reduction has become a major challenge for metros. In this study we conduct an in-depth research and analysis on metro energy load classification and energy management, focusing in particular on the design and usage of power supply systems for metro weak current electromechanical systems, including tunnel fans, station air conditioners, station escalators, automatic ticketing equipment, screen doors, drainage pumps, sewage pumps, platform doors, communication systems, signals, integrated monitoring systems, automatic ticketing and various lighting equipment and facilities. It is proposed that the five weak current systems, namely platform doors, communication systems, signals, integrated monitoring and automatic fare collection, should adopt a backup power supply. In order to ensure the reliable operation of all weak current systems in the station, the traditional decentralized power supply mode is changed to a centralized power supply and uninterruptible power supply (UPS) (1 + 1) parallel double-bus system. At the same time, combined with the data on equipment quantity, station passenger flow and station building floorage, the Boruta algorithm is used to filter out the equipment related to station weak current energy consumption, and a principal component analysis (PCA) algorithm is used to further reduce the dimensions of the filtered features to reduce the algorithm overhead of the subsequent quota analysis model. The XGBoost algorithm is used to establish a prediction model for station weak current system energy consumption. Analysis shows that there is a strong correlation between the energy consumption quota and the equipment quantity as well as station building floorage. By setting different metering instruments for power supply circuits, the main energy consumption data are collected to meet the requirements for graded metering of metro energy consumption, and then the energy consumption quota for the station weak current system is reasonably predicted. By adding metering instruments to the power supply circuits of different areas and equipment, the energy consumption of the weak current system can be measured and monitored in different grades. The combination of the energy management platform and energy consumption quota provides the basis for energy management of each energy-consuming unit, and ultimately realizes energy saving and reduced consumption.

Myocardial Contractility in Young People During Cold Exposure of the Foot

This paper studied the physiological response of the human circulatory system to local cooling of the feet. The research involved young men (n = 27) and women (n = 30) aged between 17 and 20 years, born and permanently living in the Arctic zone of the Russian Federation (Arkhangelsk). SIMONA 111 integrated monitoring system was used. We found that stimulation of peripheral temperature-sensitive receptors of the foot skin at local cooling causes a decrease in heart contractility in both sexes, while young women demonstrate greater sensitivity to the cold factor than young men. For citation: Korobitsyna E.V., Gudkov A.B., Popova O.N., Shcherbina Yu.F. Myocardial Contractility in Young People During Cold Exposure of the Foot. Journal of Medical and Biological Research, 2021, vol. 9, no. 4, pp. 459–462. DOI: 10.37482/2687-1491-Z084

Research on the Architecture of Integrated Platform of Intelligent Substation Auxiliary Monitoring System

For the problems existing in the current substation auxiliary monitoring system, such as various types of equipment, inconsistent standards and poor interaction, the structure design scheme of integrated platform of intelligent substation auxiliary monitoring system is proposed. The structure, function and algorithm of the system are introduced in detail. Firewall isolation technology and security partition technology are adopted to ensure the security and of the system, and give consideration to the real-time data transmission. Through the use of software bus technology, multi data fusion technology and interface standardization technology, the availability and reliability of data are effectively improved and the reliability of the system is improved. Combined with the integrated monitoring platform, the characteristics of intelligent linkage technology of main and auxiliary equipment are put forward. The intelligent linkage and unified management between auxiliary equipment is realized, which effectively improves the intelligent operation and maintenance level of substation auxiliary system.

Technical realization of the device for integrated monitoring of the parameters of the microwave path

Two designs of a microwave sensor have been developed for a device for built-in monitoring of microwave path parameters, built on the basis of a broadband quadrature measurement method. The first sensor design is made on the basis of a symmetrical strip line, the second - on the basis of a segment of a coaxial line. Each of the microwave sensor designs consists of three parts: a directional coupler and two non-directional measuring probes. The microwave sensor is designed to operate in the 1 - 2 GHz frequency range. The paper also proposes a variant of the circuitry implementation of the built-in microwave control device, which implements the procedure for broadband automatic measurement of the complex reflection coefficient and the power level in the microwave path based on the method of quadrature measurements. The device solves the problem of long-term automatic monitoring of parameters and timely detection of the beginning degradation of the antenna-feeder path.