THE BENEFITS OF DIGITALISATION ON THE GROWTH OF INDIAN SOCIAL SECTORS AND THE ECONOMY (IN THE PRESENT PANDEMIC CONTEXT)

Digitalisation is the use of modern digital tools in the nation, In Indian history there was no significant growth of digital tools during independence moment, but later on there is more scope for the usage of digital tools for the study, like study of archaeological sources, Historical tourism pictures, by the help of the ASI (Archaeological survey in India). India has good flora and fauna in the world, India can generate revenue by expanding its digital implementation in all the tourism centres in India, some of the most visited tourist places by Indians and the foreigners, were The Taj-Mahal, Agra, the gate way of India, The Red fort, Mecca Masjid, some temples like Tirupathi, shabirimala etc, these cities are well aware digitalisation, e-payments, advertisement, online booking availability and the availability of internet has made these Indian cities to invest more in digitalisation to make benefit of the customers and to make profit in their business. More over some the Indian recent schemes like “Digital India, Make in India” can try to implement in Tourism and development of tourism GDP / income. So Indian government can try to announce the benefits for the tourist guides, and create lakhs of employment in India, due to pandemic the tourist visitors has decreased and lakhs of tourists lost their lively income, it became unemployed for many months. So India has to face lot of challenges in the pandemic time and try to increase the tourism income of the nation, sources involves online transactions, social or business and economic transactions in electronic or online mode in the state or country, as it provides benefits for the consumers, producers or citizens by saving time, availability in lower cost and reduces the cost of transportation to purchase any products in the sovereign country like India, like education, hotel services, banking insurance, social services like DBT (Direct Benefit Transfer) and commerce sectors. KEY WORDS: Social sectors, use of Digital technology in tourism, Covid-19, E-governance and the Indian Economy.

THE HISTORY OF THE COVID 19, AND ITS IMPACT ON THE CRUDE OIL PRICE CHANGES (IN CONTEXT OF INDIA`S COVID 19 CONTEXT)

Oil is the most essential fuel for the world presently and the world, India is the third largest oil importer in the world, with 9.7 percent of the world oil imports, after China and USA, India imports around 80 percent of its oil needs and aims to bring down to 67 percent by 2022, by replacing it by local exploration, renewable energy and indigenous ethanol fuel, but in India there is lack of demand for crude oil and oil products due to Covid-19 epidemic, which made Indian government to imply restrictions, to lockdown of various firms, industries, public and private sector institutions, as health emergency, according to the report of IEA ( International Energy Agency) India’s 40 days lockdown has led to decrease in 30 percent fall in countries demand for energy. Price inflexibility is concern for Indian oil producers, as it is the biggest shock since the Second World War, The global economy is expected to enter recessionary zone in 2020, as countries have shut down there normal business activities, to fight the pandemic led to imbalances in demand and supply of oil prices in the Indian market, Indian oil companies are waiting for the tax reductions and packages by the government, in the short term imbalance in oil demand and supply situation. The purpose of the research paper is that, Indian government has a great task to fight against pandemic as a health emergency and oil prices fluctuations in the year 2020. KEY WORDS: History of the pandemic covid social growth and crude oil prices (PETROLEUM),

Alternative medicine under the Mental Health Care Act, 2017: Future implications and concerns

In recent years, the Indian government has been promoting healthcare with an insufficient evidence base, or which is non-evidence-based, alongside delivery of evidence-based care by untrained practitioners, through supportive legislation and guidelines. The Mental Health Care Act, 2017, is a unique example of a law endorsing such practices. In this paper, we aim to highlight the positive and negative implications of such practices for the delivery of good quality mental healthcare in India.

Ivermectin as an endectocide may boost control of malaria vectors in India and contribute to elimination

Malaria constitutes one of the largest public health burdens faced by humanity. Malaria control has to be an efficient balance between diagnosis, treatment and vector control strategies. The World Health Organization currently recommends indoor residual spraying and impregnated bed nets as two malaria vector control methods that have shown robust and persistent results against endophilic and anthropophilic mosquito species. The Indian government launched the National Framework for Malaria Elimination in 2016 with the aim to achieve the elimination of malaria in a phased and strategic manner and to sustain a nation-wide malaria-free status by 2030. India is currently in a crucial phase of malaria elimination and novel vector control strategies maybe helpful in dealing with various challenges, such as vector behavioural adaptations and increasing insecticide resistance among the Anopheles populations of India. Ivermectin can be one such new tool as it is the first endectocide to be approved in both animals and humans. Trials of ivermectin have been conducted in endemic areas of Africa with promising results. In this review, we assess available data on ivermectin as an endectocide and propose that this endectocide should be explored as a vector control tool for malaria in India. Graphical Abstract

Retrospective Operation of Amendments in Taxing Statues vis-à-vis Judicial Decisions

The cardinal principle of interpretation of a taxing statute is that every statute is prospective unless it is expressly stated that it is retrospective. The term retrospective means operating from a date in the past or taking effect from a past date. Thus, a taxing statute is said to have retrospective operation only when it is expressly or by necessary implication states that it will operate from a date in the past. The Indian revenue in spite of this settled principle of interpretation often tends to retrospectively impose tax for the purpose of gaining revenue. In addition to this, the Indian government has many times made retrospective amendments in the disguise of clarificatory and declaratory amendments. However, the Indian judiciary has always been the saviour of these kind of interpretations and amendments. The judiciary has given different principles both in favour of and against retrospective operation of taxing statutes. Thus, this paper first of all tries to identify the principles against and in favour of retrospective operation of taxing statutes. Then it explains about how a declaratory or clarificatory amendment of a taxing statute should be interpreted. Finally, it points out the rules laid down by the judiciary on retrospective operation of taxing statutes. Keywords: Clarificatory amendments, Declaratory amendments, Judicial rulings, Principles of interpretation, Retrospective operation.

Factors Associated With Inadequate Receipt of Components and Non-use of Antenatal Care Services in India: A Regional Analysis

BackgroundFailure to use antenatal care (ANC) and inadequate receipt of components of ANC pose a significant risk for both the pregnant woman and baby. This study aimed to examine a regional analysis of factors associated with no or inadequate receipt of components of ANC services among Indian women.MethodInformation on 184,628 women of reproductive age 15-49 years from the 2015-16 India National Family Health Survey (NFSH-4) was used. Survey multinomial logistic regression analyses that adjust for cluster and survey weights were conducted to assess the socio-demographic and other factors associated with no or receipt of inadequate receipt of components of ANC in the six regions in India.ResultsAcross regions in India, 18% of women reported no ANC, and the prevalence of inadequate and adequate receipt of components of ANC in all six regions ranged from 16% to 43% and 34% to 81%, respectively. Our analyses revealed that in all six regions, poor households reported increased odds of receiving no or inadequate receipts of components of ANC. In all six regions, inadequate receipts of components of ANC was significantly higher among women who had limited knowledge about pregnancy complications and post-delivery complications. In all the six regions except the East region, women who delivered their babies at home reported higher odds of receiving no or inadequate receipts of components of ANC and women who had no postnatal checkup after delivery reported higher odds of receiving no or inadequate receipts of components of ANC in all regions except South, West and North East regions. Low levels of women's education and women who delivered their babies at home were associated with increased odds of receiving no or inadequate receipts of components of ANC in all six regions except North and East regions.ConclusionA better understanding of the factors associated and incorporating them into the short- and long-term intervention strategies, including free financial support from the Indian government to encourage pregnant women from lower socioeconomic groups to use health services across all regions.

Covid-19 in India-Emergence, Implications and Possible Precautionary Measure for Disease Transmission in Indian Healthcare Workers

Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is a potentially fatal disease that prompted health disasters worldwide. The virus was reported first from Wuhan, China, in December 2019. SARS-CoV-2 majorly transmits through direct contactwith an infected person or inhalation.The spread rate of SARS-CoV-2 is much higher than the other virus of family. The virus is very harmful to the children, people with old age, low immunity, or suffering from other critical diseases. A total of 29.6 million infected cases and approximately 936000 death were reported worldwide. Whereas in India reached 5.02 Million cases are reported with 82000 deaths. In this paper, the authors had study the Origin of viruses, Symptoms, actions taken by the Indian government, and precautions suggested to healthcare workers. The biometric system's adverse effects in hospitals are highlighted, and authors emphasize IoT-based smart door-lock that works without direct contact. The proposed system helps in reducing contamination at healthcare centers.

The Compromised Healthcare Sector of India and Other Southeast Asian Countries

This chapter aims to focus on the umpteen challenges in the healthcare sector of India which temper the possibility of partnerships with India and the 10 Southeast Asian countries. India's expenditure on the healthcare sector is only 1% of GDP, less than neighboring ASEAN countries. The Indian Government has privatised the healthcare sector. In the second wave of COVID-19, public and private hospitals are operating at full capacity with shortages of life-saving medicines, oxygen, ventilators, and vaccines. Lower middle-income groups and the poor are suffering the most. Nations of the world, medical scientific community, and pharmaceutical companies put their resources together to discover a vaccine for coronavirus within a year. To have an effective and sustainable model of doing business in healthcare, it is important to have partnerships and integrating best practices and innovations for improving and providing equitable and affordable access to healthcare.

Can New Education Policy 2020 Serve as a Paradigm Shift to the Employability Gap in India?

Employment and employability have lately surfaced as a significant concern for India that stands as the world's second central higher education system. The post-COVID-19 era further demanded a comprehensive policy at the national level. The Indian government approved the new education policy (NEP), bringing changes to higher education in the country on 29th July 2020. After an exhaustive reading of all education policies published in Indian literature, the authors present this viewpoint chapter, contributing to the extant literature on education policies in the following three ways. The first purpose is to evaluate and compare the current NEP 2020 to the last two educational policies of 1968 and 1986 to understand how far each policy could realize the goal of employability. The second purpose is to adumbrate the gaps between industry and academia in the proposed NEP 2020 to propose some transformative steps to fill the outlined gap. Thirdly, the main findings are depicted through a graphical representation to give some directions for future policy and research in employability.

Covid-19 in India-Emergence, Implications and Possible Precautionary Measure for Disease Transmission in Indian Healthcare Workers

Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is a potentially fatal disease that prompted health disasters worldwide. The virus was reported first from Wuhan, China, in December 2019. SARS-CoV-2 majorly transmits through direct contactwith an infected person or inhalation.The spread rate of SARS-CoV-2 is much higher than the other virus of family. The virus is very harmful to the children, people with old age, low immunity, or suffering from other critical diseases. A total of 29.6 million infected cases and approximately 936000 death were reported worldwide. Whereas in India reached 5.02 Million cases are reported with 82000 deaths. In this paper, the authors had study the Origin of viruses, Symptoms, actions taken by the Indian government, and precautions suggested to healthcare workers. The biometric system's adverse effects in hospitals are highlighted, and authors emphasize IoT-based smart door-lock that works without direct contact. The proposed system helps in reducing contamination at healthcare centers.