distributed database
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2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jerry Jing

<p>Cryptocurrencies have been a massive surge since last decade leads to blockchain technology steps in epical milestone. Blockchain is a distributed database that is shared among the nodes of a computer network. Bitcoin, as a critical role in cryptocurrency system is known as a typical blockchain, maintaining a secure and decentralized record of transactions. The value and advantage of blockchain technology has been acknowledged by the public and applied in difference areas. The defect of blockchain technology is gradually revealed. Excessively wasting electricity have severely affect the utilities usage in many countries. Therefore, DRD Memory Mining is developed to solve the defects. This article illustrates the algorithm of DRD Memory Mining and how the memory consensus mechanism works.</p>


2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jerry Jing

<p>Cryptocurrencies have been a massive surge since last decade leads to blockchain technology steps in epical milestone. Blockchain is a distributed database that is shared among the nodes of a computer network. Bitcoin, as a critical role in cryptocurrency system is known as a typical blockchain, maintaining a secure and decentralized record of transactions. The value and advantage of blockchain technology has been acknowledged by the public and applied in difference areas. The defect of blockchain technology is gradually revealed. Excessively wasting electricity have severely affect the utilities usage in many countries. Therefore, DRD Memory Mining is developed to solve the defects. This article illustrates the algorithm of DRD Memory Mining and how the memory consensus mechanism works.</p>


Sensors ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 572
Author(s):  
Aitizaz Ali ◽  
Mohammed Amin Almaiah ◽  
Fahima Hajjej ◽  
Muhammad Fermi Pasha ◽  
Ong Huey Fang ◽  
...  

The IoT refers to the interconnection of things to the physical network that is embedded with software, sensors, and other devices to exchange information from one device to the other. The interconnection of devices means there is the possibility of challenges such as security, trustworthiness, reliability, confidentiality, and so on. To address these issues, we have proposed a novel group theory (GT)-based binary spring search (BSS) algorithm which consists of a hybrid deep neural network approach. The proposed approach effectively detects the intrusion within the IoT network. Initially, the privacy-preserving technology was implemented using a blockchain-based methodology. Security of patient health records (PHR) is the most critical aspect of cryptography over the Internet due to its value and importance, preferably in the Internet of Medical Things (IoMT). Search keywords access mechanism is one of the typical approaches used to access PHR from a database, but it is susceptible to various security vulnerabilities. Although blockchain-enabled healthcare systems provide security, it may lead to some loopholes in the existing state of the art. In literature, blockchain-enabled frameworks have been presented to resolve those issues. However, these methods have primarily focused on data storage and blockchain is used as a database. In this paper, blockchain as a distributed database is proposed with a homomorphic encryption technique to ensure a secure search and keywords-based access to the database. Additionally, the proposed approach provides a secure key revocation mechanism and updates various policies accordingly. As a result, a secure patient healthcare data access scheme is devised, which integrates blockchain and trust chain to fulfill the efficiency and security issues in the current schemes for sharing both types of digital healthcare data. Hence, our proposed approach provides more security, efficiency, and transparency with cost-effectiveness. We performed our simulations based on the blockchain-based tool Hyperledger Fabric and OrigionLab for analysis and evaluation. We compared our proposed results with the benchmark models, respectively. Our comparative analysis justifies that our proposed framework provides better security and searchable mechanism for the healthcare system.


Sensors ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 528
Author(s):  
Aitizaz Ali ◽  
Muhammad Fermi Pasha ◽  
Jehad Ali ◽  
Ong Huey Fang ◽  
Mehedi Masud ◽  
...  

Due to the value and importance of patient health records (PHR), security is the most critical feature of encryption over the Internet. Users that perform keyword searches to gain access to the PHR stored in the database are more susceptible to security risks. Although a blockchain-based healthcare system can guarantee security, present schemes have several flaws. Existing techniques have concentrated exclusively on data storage and have utilized blockchain as a storage database. In this research, we developed a unique deep-learning-based secure search-able blockchain as a distributed database using homomorphic encryption to enable users to securely access data via search. Our suggested study will increasingly include secure key revocation and update policies. An IoT dataset was used in this research to evaluate our suggested access control strategies and compare them to benchmark models. The proposed algorithms are implemented using smart contracts in the hyperledger tool. The suggested strategy is evaluated in comparison to existing ones. Our suggested approach significantly improves security, anonymity, and monitoring of user behavior, resulting in a more efficient blockchain-based IoT system as compared to benchmark models.


2022 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-30
Author(s):  
Abdullah Al Hussain ◽  
Md. Akhtaruzzaman Emon ◽  
Toufiq Ahmed Tanna ◽  
Rasel Iqbal Emon ◽  
Md. Mehedi Hassan Onik

The spirit of “blockchain technology” is a distributed database in which saved data is transparent, accountable, public, immutable, and traceable. This base-level disruptive technology can boost the security and privacy-related efficiency of various domains. As Bangladesh is currently aiming for sustainable development, blockchain technology adoption by the local researchers is growing robustly. However, in Bangladesh, the blockchain Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) is not yet well structured which is also limiting the perspective of local developers and researchers. Therefore, sectors like governance, healthcare, security, privacy, farming, information authentication, cryptocurrencies, internet architecture, data, and so on are unable to utilize the full potential of this technology. In this research, the authors conduct an in-depth review of such types of blockchain technology-related research articles that have been published recently and are also solely focused on Bangladesh. From 5 publishers (IEEE Xplore, ACM, ScienceDirect, Taylor & Francis, and SpringerLink) this study analyses 70 articles published during the year 2016-2020. The study results find the top 13 sectors where Bangladeshi researchers are currently focusing on. Those studies identify that the rigid policy by the government, scarcity of expert researchers, and lack of resources are the main reasons why Bangladesh is still struggling to accommodate blockchain extensively. In addition, published papers are mostly based on theoretical concepts without an appropriate implementation. Finally, this study will be a great resource to the developers, entrepreneurs, and technology enthusiasts to determine the strategic plan for adopting blockchain technology in Bangladesh or even to any other developing country.


Author(s):  
Iván González-Puetate ◽  
Carmen Luisa Marín Tello ◽  
Henry Reyes Pineda

Blockchain technology is a distributed database, an innovation tool in the agri-food supply chain in processes such as production, distribution, marketing. In this research work, the blockchain technology application in agri-food security processes was evaluated, establishing the best conditions for its adoption in companies, this proposal synthesizes the contributions as a disruptive technology, for this, the information was collected from the period 2018-2020 from the Scopus and Web of Science bases, performing an analysis of the information using the Atlas TI 8.4 software, establishing the focus of the research on a network of codes suggested by some authors. It was found that the contribution of Blockchain for the years of study was traceability 26%, supply chain 17.5%, technological development 10.4%, trust 9.8%, among others. It is concluded that establishing the theoretical link between technology and traceability processes in supply chains, traceability in the agri-food sector is essential to certify information of interest to the stakeholder group. This is because traceability is the transcendental element of the food safety system that allows guaranteeing control in the supply chain when processes are being recorded and enriching the databases, which can be available to the final consumer to check the details of the production cycle and that technological elements generate competitiveness in companies with blockchain in their procedures, promote high levels of transparency, data security, decentralization, among other terms associated with trust, and a better relationship with the consumer is developed and a greater number of sale increasing profitability.


Author(s):  
Yihao Tian

Data management is an administrative mechanism that involves the acquisitions, validations, storage, protection, and processing of data needed by its users to ensure that data are accessible, reliable, and timely. It is a challenging task to manage protections for information properties. With the emphasis on distributed systems and Internet-accessible systems, the need for efficient information security management is increasingly important. In the paper, artificial intelligence-assisted dynamic modeling (AI-DM) is used for data management in a distributed system. Distributed processing is an effective way to enhance the efficiency of database systems. Therefore, each distributed database structure’s functionality depends significantly on its proper architecture in implementing fragmentation, allocation, and replication processes. The proposed model is a dynamically distributed internet database architecture. This suggested model enables complex decision-making on fragmentation, distribution, and duplication. It provides users with links from anywhere to the distributed database. AI-DM has an improved allocation and replication strategy where no query performance information is accessible at the initial stage of the distributed database design. AI-DM findings show that the proposed database model leads to the reliability and efficiency of the enhanced system. The final results are obtained by analyzing the dynamic modeling ratio is 87.6%, increasing decision support ratio is 88.7%, the logistic regression ratio is 84.5%, the data reliability ratio is 82.2%, and the system ratio is 93.8%.


2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Dennis Przytarski ◽  
Christoph Stach ◽  
Clémentine Gritti ◽  
Bernhard Mitschang

When, in 2008, Satoshi Nakamoto envisioned the first distributed database management system that relied on cryptographically secured chain of blocks to store data in an immutable and tamper-resistant manner, his primary use case was the introduction of a digital currency. Owing to this use case, the blockchain system was geared towards efficient storage of data, whereas the processing of complex queries, such as provenance analyses of data history, is out of focus. The increasing use of Internet of Things technologies and the resulting digitization in many domains, however, have led to a plethora of novel use cases for a secure digital ledger. For instance, in the healthcare sector, blockchain systems are used for the secure storage and sharing of electronic health records, while the food industry applies such systems to enable a reliable food-chain traceability, e.g., to prove compliance with cold chains. In these application domains, however, querying the current state is not sufficient—comprehensive history queries are required instead. Due to these altered usage modes involving more complex query types, it is questionable whether today’s blockchain systems are prepared for this type of usage and whether such queries can be processed efficiently by them. In our paper, we therefore investigate novel use cases for blockchain systems and elicit their requirements towards a data store in terms of query capabilities. We reflect the state of the art in terms of query support in blockchain systems and assess whether it is capable of meeting the requirements of such more sophisticated use cases. As a result, we identify future research challenges with regard to query processing in blockchain systems.


2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Piera Centobelli ◽  
Roberto Cerchione ◽  
Pasquale Del Vecchio ◽  
Eugenio Oropallo ◽  
Giustina Secundo

PurposeThis paper aims to design, build and evaluate a blockchain platform in the accounting domain, taking an ecosystem perspective. To achieve this aim, the research provides evidence for developing a decentralised architecture rooted on blockchain technology, designing a proof of concept and modelling an accounting blockchain-based system.Design/methodology/approachMoving from the analysis of previous literature and leveraging on the design science approach, this paper provides a framework grounded on the main pillars of blockchain and accounting functions, identifying technical and non-technical issues that must be addressed embrace blockchain technology's full potential.FindingsWe propose and discuss a conceptual framework for a blockchain-based accounting context, moving from the identification of a typical accounting scenario. The framework is organised around three scalable levels: the first level is a technological infrastructure based on a distributed database with peer-to-peer storage; second, in the intermediate level, increasing control levels are assured through permissions and validation and third, in the higher level, the system provides the integration of business and security applications. The deployment of this system relies on a private network of nodes that validates transactions.Practical implicationsThe proposed conceptual framework about blockchain development in accounting allows closing the knowledge gap between blockchain developers and accounting experts by suggesting technological and strategic issues for practitioners.Originality/valueWe provide practical guidelines to design and adopt blockchain in the accounting domain.


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