Struktur Pemerintahan Palembang Syu Pada Masa Pendudukan Jepang Tahun 1942-1945

This study discusses the government structure of Palembang during the Japanese occupation in 1942-1945, especially regarding the Syu government. The research method used is historical or historical research methods. The purpose of this research is to increase knowledge and dig deeper into the history of Palembang City and also to highlight the historical traces of the Palembang regional political system during the reign of Japan. This research is related to the Syu government system or called Residency. The results of this study are that before the Japanese came and colonized the archipelago, the Palembang area had rules made by the Dutch and customary law then Japan arrived in Sumatra and issued a new law called Seirei (Osamu Seirei), this rule book discusses military government, which levels consist of Syuugun (residence), Bansyuu (sub-residence), Gun (district), and Son (sub-district), the unique thing is that even though it seems to have changed, in fact, the constitutional structure is the same as the previous system but only changes in terms. Penelitian ini membahas tentang struktur pemerintahan Palembang pada masa pendudukan Jepang tahun 1942-1945 khususnya mengenai pemerintahan Syu. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah metode penelitian sejarah atau historis. Tujuan dari penelitian ini untuk menambah ilmu pengetahuan serta menggali lebih dalam mengenai sejarah di Kota Palembang juga mengangkat jejak historis dari sistem politik daerah Palembang saat berkuasanya Jepang. Penelitian ini terkait sistem pemerintahan Syu atau disebut Keresidenan. Hasil dari penelitian ini adalah sebelum Jepang datang dan menjajah wilayah nusantara, daerah Palembang telah terdapat aturan yang dibuat Belanda serta hukum adat kemudian Jepang tiba di Sumatera dan mengeluarkan sebuah Undang-undang baru bernama Seirei (Osamu Seirei), kitab aturan ini membahas tentang pemerintahan militer, yang mana tingkatannya terdiri atas Syuugun (Karesidenan), Bansyuu (sub karesidenan), Gun (distrik), dan Son (subdistrik), uniknya walaupun terkesan berubah tetapi sebenarnya susunan ketatanegaraan ini sama dengan sistem sebelumnya namun hanya mengalami pergantian istilah.

PROPAGANDA IDEOLOGI BUSHIDO DALAM FILM DJAGALAH TANAH DJAWA PADA MASA PENDUDUKAN JEPANG

This study aims to describe the propaganda of bushido ideology in the film Djagalah Tanah Djawa published during the Japanese occupation era. Japan had limited natural and human resources to face the Allies in the Pacific War. Java was seen as a region capable of meeting Japanese needs. Propaganda was needed so that the Japanese internalized the bushido ideology to the Javanese population. Some research problems are (1) the form of bushido ideology deeply held by the Japanese people; (2) the function of Japanese propaganda on Java; (3) the meaning of bushido ideology represented by the Propaganda Film Djagalah Tanah Djawa during the Japanese occupation. The research used the historical method. The research shows that bushido ideology influenced the whole outlook of life and social practices of Japanese society, especially during the Pacific War. This ideology was internalized in the propaganda film Djagalah Tanah Djawa. Its function was to attract Javanese people to be willing to take part in the Japanese program. The meaning stated that victory over the Allied occupation could only be achieved if the Javanese people made sacrifices and cooperated with Japan to realize “New Java”.’ Thus, Japan could dominate the consciousness and unconsciousness of the Javanese population.

Army Dock, Konstruksi Bangunan Pendaratan Sekutu Pada Perang Pasifik di Pulau Morotai

The Pacific War, it is a sad history of humanity for most people, especially war veterans. Their stories passed on to the younger generation, many stories and tales were recorded: starting from preparations for war, war strategies, the course of war and the liberation of a colony from invaders is interesting to listen to. Army dock is one of the remnants of the Pacific War on Morotai Island which is an important part of the history. It’s existence not only describes the Allies landing process to liberate the island from Japanese rule, it is also a historical source of Indonesia's involvement in the Pacific War arena. It is possible, because the Allies and the Japanese took advantage of the natural resources of Morotai Island to build various infrastructure needed for war, including the Army dock. The army dock was built composition of building materials by utilizing existing materials in the coastal areas of the island, namely limestone reef. This initial step of the Allies strategy finally succeeded in liberating Morotai Island from Japanese occupation, from here later grew the construction of other military facilities and infrastructure that were built to prepare to retake the Philippine island of Mindanao, the largest military base outside Japan. How the Army dock was built and its function in the past, is a problem that will be answered in this paper. In order to answer these problems, the observation method is used through field surveys and library data searches.

Pencorakan Kepulauan Melayu dan Pulau Pinang oleh Kaum Jawi Peranakan dan Hadhrami Melalui Kewartawanan dan Persuratkhabaran Sebelum 1942: Satu Tafsiran Semula Penulisan W. R. Roff

This article provides a reintrepretation and emphasis on journalism and newspapers, generally through the writings of W.R. Roff. Three of his works significant to this study are Studies on Islam and Society in Southeast Asia (2009: NUS Press Singapore), Bibliography of Malay and Arabic periodicals published in the Straits Settlements an Peninsular Malay States 1876-1941 (1972: Oxford University Press) and The Origins of Malay Nationalism (1967: Yale University Press). From his studies, it is instructive to recall that the Malay-language newspapers was the outcome of the collusion between the culture of the Malay archipelago and the West; and early Malay journalism from 1876 through the beginning of the Japanese Occupation in 1942 was the expression and manifestation of a Malay identity through the Jawi Peranakan and Hadhrami communities in an urban and cosmopolitan climate, with specific reference to the Tanjong Malays in Pulau Pinang.

Sound, Technology, and Culture in French Indochina

In the 1920s, European radio enthusiasts organized clubs in Hanoi, Saigon, Hai Phong, Vientiane, and Phnom Penh. Periodicals and letters from the time provide insights on this burgeoning amateur radio culture. Members shared experiences, debated the potential of the technology, and used radio to broadcast records of music, story-telling, and other forms of light entertainment. Chapter 1 examines how these radio clubs were established in the urban centers of French Indochina and how they impacted cultural life in the colonial territories. The chapter begins with a consideration of cultural colonialism, broadcasting technology, and music in the French Empire. Archival sources provide evidence on the styles of music and recording technologies in circulation in early twentieth-century mainland Southeast Asia, when telegraphy, phonograph recordings and radio broadcasts informed the social construction of state and empire. Exclusive membership regulations of the Indochinese radio clubs, which restricted most of the indigenous population, were undermined during the Japanese occupation (1940–45). And the Japanese promotion of a Greater East Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere (Dai Tōa Kyōeiken) followed by a famine in 1944–45 fomented unrest among the indigenous population. During the August Revolution of 1945, the Viet Minh and other insurrectionaries commandeered these sound reproduction technologies to broadcast news of their uprising.

Spatial Contestation of Indo Europeesch Verbond and Japanese Internment Camp in Kesilir Plantation Village 1920s

Kesilir Village, in the southern tip of Banyuwangi, opened as a plantation area in 1920s by Indo Europeesch Verbond (Indo-European Community). Ironically, in the early period of Japanese occupation (1942-1943), the village was converted into an internment camp for Europeans in Java, including the Indo-Dutch community. Interrupted by two ruling regimes and local plantation workers in the colonial era, Kesilir has become a node of the social dynamics of people from various backgrounds. Specters of histories, memories, and the traumas of during colonial era haunted the physical and mental space of the residents, blending with the social spaces up to this day. This study investigates the village’s spatial structure and architectural intervention of two colonial regimes, extending from the opening of the IEV plantation in 1920s until when it was used for internment camp under Japanese occupation in 1943. The main objective of this study is to reconstruct the architectural history of the Kesilir Village by understanding the relationship between environment, built structure, and social dynamics that occurred in the past, through analyzing archival records, spatial structures, and memories. The study of regional morphology is used in this study to dissect maps, notes, sketches, and physical traces that can still be found. Field documentation and archive elicitation were also carried out to capture collective memories that still remain.

An Image of Korean Women during the Japanese Occupation of the Peninsula, as It Emerges from Literary Masterpieces

This paper1 aims to offer a picture of the darkest period in the history of the Korean women, namely that of the Japanese colonial rule (1910–1945). The only advantage Korean women enjoyed as a result of their country’s annexation to Japan was access to institutional education, even if this was done in Japanese and from Japanese course books. But this came with a price: many of the Korean teenaged females were turned into comfort women (sex-slaves) for the Japanese soldiers before and during the Pacific War. Not only did these girls lose their youth, but they also lost their national and personal identity, as they were forced to change their Korean names into Japanese ones and to speak Japanese. To build the image of the fate of the Korean women during this bleak period, the research method I have used is a simplified version of content analysis, “an analysis of the content of communication” (Baker 1994, 267). I have explored the content of fragments from a couple of novels authored by Korean or American-Korean authors, which cover the historical events in the peninsula leading to the end of WWII (Keller’s Comfort Woman (2019) and Bracht’s White Chrysanthemum (2018), to mention just a few) and which are focused on the topic of comfort women,2 i.e. young women that were sexually exploited by the Japanese military. The results of the analysis indicate that many of the surviving victims became “unpersons” and led a life of solitude and misery until their death.