Influence of the Inclination of the Incisal Edge of Planas Direct Tracks on Deciduous Dentition with Anterior Crossbite: Finite-Elements Study

Objective This study aimed to evaluate the influence of three different inclinations of the incisal edge of Planas direct tracks (PDTs) on the upper deciduous incisors (15, 30, and 45 degrees) through simulations using the finite-elements method. Materials and Methods A three-dimensional virtual model of tooth 51 was elaborated by using the Rhinoceros computer-aided design (CAD) software. A mesh was constructed by using the Patran software, and the evaluations were processed by using the ANSYS 15.0 software. The geometry of the elements used consisted of a triangular-base tetrahedron composed of 2,167,386 elements and 3,012,995 nodal points. Results Progressive alterations of proportional intensity and distribution were seen in the areas of tension on the dentoalveolar structures, with increasing inclination of the edge of the PDT. The tractive contact tensions were seen to be concentrated in the vestibular apical thirds and palatine cervical thirds, while the compressive contact tensions were in the palatine apical thirds and vestibular cervical thirds. Conclusion It was concluded that a 30-degree inclination for the PDT was most appropriate for the cases of anterior crossbite in the deciduous dentition. Nevertheless, because this was a laboratory evaluation, clinical criteria and complementary examinations for each case need to be taken into consideration in making therapeutic decisions.

Uncoupling of the Infancy Life History Stage

<b><i>Background:</i></b> The life history of <i>Homo sapiens</i> is unique in having a comparatively short stage of infancy which lasts for 2–3 years. Infancy is characterized by suckling of breast milk, the development of sensorimotor cognition, the acquisition of language, mini-puberty, deciduous dentition, and almost complete skull growth. Infancy ends with the infancy-childhood growth transition (ICT) and separation from the mother. In modern-day affluent societies, breastfeeding depends on the mother’s decision and may happen at any age, and the characteristic traits of infancy have uncoupled. The data and theory for this contention are presented. <b><i>Summary:</i></b> The biological traits of mini-puberty and ICT characteristic of infancy occur before age 1 along with language acquisition. The cognitive (sensorimotor) component occurs by age 2, and the social component of separation from the mother by any age from 1 to 3 years. <b><i>Key Messages:</i></b> Human life history is based on a coherent stage of infancy which assumes coupling between the biological, cognitive, and social maturation of a baby. This is no longer the case in industrial societies and might never be so again. The upbringing of an infant needs to consider the new biology of this dissociated infancy and a new timetable of the infant’s life-history events.

Prevalência de maloclusão na dentição decídua

The aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of open bite, deep bíte, cross-bíte, occurrerrce of physiolological diastema premature dental loss and antero-posteríor arch relatíonship, according to Angle's classification modified to deciduous dentition in children aged 3-5 years. The sample was made up by 567 children, 294 males and 273 females who where registred ín public schools ín the cíty of Porto Alegre RS. The results indicated that the anterior open bíte has a híghfrequency ín deciduos dentítíon (38.80%) that in posteior open bite was not significant (0,35%) Deep bite presents a rate of 24.52%. The prevalence of cross-bíte ín this stage of dentítíon is I7,46%. whích unilateral posteior cross-bíte has the híghest rate (9.35%). The more prevalent arch Type is the Baume's Type I arch, found ín 73.19% of the sample. Observing the antero-posteior arch relationship, the rate of 64.20% was obtained to Class I, 18.52% to Closs II maloccluion and finally 17.28% to Class III maloccluion.

Natural fruit peels as teeth whitening agents on primary teeth an in vitro study

Context: Dental Bleaching or tooth whitening represents a conservative cosmetic approach even for children and adolescents, for whom treatment may be readily accomplished without permanent alteration to the enamel surface thus limiting the need for lifelong maintenance. Aims: The aim of this study was to compare the efficacy of banana peel and orange peel as teeth whitening agents in deciduous dentition. Methods and Material: Twenty extracted primary anterior teeth were used in this study and each crown was sectioned mesiodistally to obtain 40 samples which were flattened to create a standardized enamel surface. After the staining procedure, 40 samples were allocated into 4 groups, i.e., 10 samples per group, the standard group (35% Hydrogen peroxide), the control group (distilled water), banana peel and orange peel. The samples of each group were treated using the respective agents with standardized pressure and time. Results: The tooth shades were assessed using Digital Spectrophotometer at baseline, 1 week of staining, 1 week of bleaching and 1 week post bleaching. All the results were statistically analysed with Post Hoc Tukey’s test. Both the study groups showed significant changes but, banana peel showed better efficacy than orange peel. Conclusions: Banana peel and orange peel can be considered for teeth whitening in deciduous dentition.

Dental Health Inequalities among Indigenous Populations: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to document the disparity in dental caries experiences among indigenous and nonindigenous populations globally by measuring dental caries prevalence and severity. An electronic database (MEDLINE) was initially searched using relevant keywords. This was followed by use of the search string in the following electronic databases: Scopus, EBSCOhost, Cochrane, and Open Grey. Two independent reviewers conducted the study search and screening, quality assessment, and data extraction, which was facilitated using JBI SUMARI software. The primary outcome was the decayed missing filled teeth (DMFT) score and dental caries prevalence. Subgroup analysis was done by country of publication to identify causes of heterogeneity. Forest plots were used with the standardized mean difference (SMD) and publication bias was assessed using the Egger test with funnel plot construction. For the final review, 43 articles were selected and 34 were meta-analyzed. The pooled mean DMFT for both the permanent dentition (SMD = 0.26; 95% CI 0.13–0.39) and deciduous dentition (SMD = 0.67; 95% CI 0.47–0.87) was higher for the Indigenous population than for the general population. Indigenous populations experienced more decayed teeth (SMD = 0.44; 95% CI 0.25–0.62), a slightly higher number of missing teeth (SMD = 0.11&#x3c; 95% CI –0.05 to 0.26), and lesser filled teeth (SMD = –0.04; 95% CI –0.20 to 0.13) than their nonindigenous counterparts. The prevalence of dental caries (SMD = 0.27; 95% CI 0.13–0.41) was higher among indigenous people. Globally, indigenous populations have a higher caries prevalence and severity than nonindigenous populations. The factors which have led to such inequities need to be examined.

Orthodontic Treatments of Papillon-Lefevre Syndrome: Two Case Reports

Papillon-Lefevre syndrome (PLS) is a rare autosomal recessive disorder characterized by palmoplantar hyperkeratosis and early onset of severe destructive periodontitis causing premature loss of both deciduous and permanent dentitions at a young age. In this article two cases of patients with Papillon-Lefevre syndrome in late mixed dentition are presented. The objective of these case reports was to illustrate that under a controlled regime of periodontal treatment, orthodontic treatment is possible in patients with Papillon-Lefevre syndrome. In both cases, the deciduous dentition was lost prematurely shortly after eruption. The permanent teeth erupt without any guidance, and this can lead to loss of space, crowding, and collapse of the dental arch. The aim of the treatment was to expand the arch, create space to allow normal eruption of the permanent teeth, and stabilize the occlusion to help the patient achieve a normal facial appearance rather than the collapsed appearance caused by early extractions. KEYWORDS: Papillon-Lefevre Syndrome, Orthodontics, Mixed dentition, Case reports

Frequency of Pulp Treatments in a Peruvian Pediatric Population: a Retrospective Study in a Specialized Dental Center from 2015 to 2019

Pulp treatments are one of the types of procedures most performed in pediatric patients, whose primary objective is to restore the masticatory, aesthetic and phonetic function. The objective of this study was to determine the frequency of pulp treatments performed in patients from 3 to 11 years of age treated at the Pediatric Dentistry Service of the Centro Dental Docente Cayetano Heredia from January 2015 to December 2019. The search for the medical records of patients treated at the Pediatric Dentistry Service who have met the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Data were collected on age, sex, type of dentition and tooth, for the elaboration of a database, and later tables of contents. Of a sample of 514 virtual medical records, with 1166 pulp treatments performed, indirect pulp treatment was the most performed for both sexes, 41.17% (n=247) for females and 34.98% (n=198) for males. According to age range, 3 to 5 years of age are the patients who received more indirect pulp treatment with 39.06% (n=359). The majority of patients with deciduous dentition underwent indirect pulp treatment with 39.32% (n=326). Being the tooth most treated with indirect pulp treatment 84 with 41.18% (n=70). The pulp treatment that was most performed in our study was indirect pulp treatment followed by pulpectomy and pulpotomy. The female sex, age group 3 to 5 years and deciduous dentition were the ones that received the most pulp treatments. The teeth with the highest frequency of pulp treatments were the second lower left molar and the first lower right molar, and those with the least frequency were the lower right and left canines.

Deciduous dentition and dental eruption sequence in Interatheriinae (Notoungulata, Interatheriidae): implications in the systematics of the group

Studies focused on deciduous dentition, ontogenetic series, and tooth eruption and replacement patterns in fossil mammals have lately increased due to the recognized taxonomic and phylogenetic weight of these aspects. A study of the deciduous and permanent dentition of Interatherium and Protypotherium (Interatheriinae) is presented, based mainly on unpublished materials. Deciduous cheek teeth are brachydont and placed covering the apex of the respective permanent tooth; in addition, some morphological and metrical differences are observed along the crown height. Five dental ontogenetic stages are distinguished among the juvenile specimens on the basis of the degree of wear, the replacement of the deciduous premolars, and the eruption of the molars. The crown height and the wear degree of different Interatheriinae taxa show: (1) eruption pattern of molars in an anterior–posterior direction (M/m1 to M/m3); (2) pattern of replacement of deciduous premolars and eruption of permanent premolars in a posterior–anterior direction (dP/dp4 to dP/dp2 and P/p4 to P/p2); and (3) eruption of M/m3 before the replacement of dP/dp4. Results allow evaluating the diagnostic dental characteristics used to describe some interatheriines, as well as reinterpreting some taxonomic assumptions: the holotype of Protypotherium diversidens Ameghino, 1891 is recognized as a juvenile of another species of the genus, and the species is not validated, considering it as Protypotherium sp.; the holotype of Eudiastatus lingulatus Ameghino, 1891 falls in the variability of Protypotherium, becoming P. lingulatus new combination, tentatively maintaining the species and implying the synonymy between Eudiastatus and Protypotherium; and the holotype of Eopachyrucos ranchoverdensis Reguero, Ubilla, and Perea, 2003 is reinterpreted as bearing deciduous premolars.

The Impacts and Outcomes of Presurgical Nasoalveolar Molding (PNAM) in Newborn Sequential Therapeutic Implementation

Cleft lip and palate is a common congenital malformation in the oral and maxillofacial regions. According to epidemiological investigation, the incidence rate is about 1.625%, and the incidence rate is high in poor areas and rural areas. Cleft lip and palate mainly involve the upper lip, hard palate, soft palate and nose, which can damage the appearance of children, affect pronunciation, swallowing and chewing, and also bring different degrees of psychological damage to children in the growth stage. Therefore, we should actively carry out sequential treatment and participate in the treatment work through multi-disciplines. Based on restoring the oral and maxillofacial function and health of children, we should also pay attention to their aesthetic needs, enhance the treatment confidence of parents and children, and lay the foundation for the follow-up repair treatment. Most patients with cleft lip and palate are complicated with malocclusion. Orthodontic treatment is an important part of the treatment of cleft lip and palate. The orthodontic treatment of cleft lip and palate can be divided into five periods: newborn period, deciduous dentition period, mixed dentition period, permanent dentition period and combined orthodontic and orthognathic treatment period. Presurgicalnasoalveolar molding (PNAM) was used to reduce the severity of facial deformity in children with cleft lip and palate. This article discusses the therapeutic effect of newborn PNAM according to clinical cases. Objective to study the opportunity and current situation of PNAM in the treatment of children with cleft lip and palate, and to provide a favorable reference for clinical orthodontists, emphasizing the close communication between various disciplines.