Evaluation of Black Pied first-calf heifers` lactation of various genotypes

Purpose: Comparative assessment of the fullness of lactation of primarmels of different genotypes.Materials and methods. The article presents the results of the assessment of the lactation activities, which was carried out in the SEC "Kazminsky" Kochubeevsky district of the Stavropol region on the livestock of the black and motley breed of local and brown populations from the Vologda region from LLC "Zaozerier" (farm №. 1) and SHPK "Proseukhon" (farm №2). Three experienced animals groups of 30 goals were formed in each, studies were carried out according to generally accepted methods.Results. The greatest amount of milk for 305 days I lactation was obtained from the first elevations brought from LLC "Zaozerier" - 7368 kg, which is 3.64% more than from the cows of their own reproduction and 8.85% more than from animals grown in SEC "Proseukhonskoye". The lactation stability ratio was calculated in two ways, and in both cases there was more than 100, the factor of the fullness of lactation in the cows of the studied genotypes this indicator was also very high and amounted to 87.7-91.6, which indicates a high level of breeding and tribal work, and On the significant influence of genetic factors on the lactation activity of the studied animals. According to the nature of the lactation curve, the pilot of all three genotypes can be attributed to the I type - high stable lactation. However, the greatest amount of milk from cows was obtained in the third phase of lactation.Conclusion. Thus, it can be concluded that the period of adaptation did not have a significant impact on the lactation activity of the delivered first elements. The animals studied were characterized by high productivity and sustainable lactation.It is desirable when evaluating the cows, along with productivity for 305 days of lactation, consider individual qualities and the ability to hold high productivity to a large part of the lactation period. For more differentiated selection of cows in the breeding group, we recommend using the stability coefficients and the usefulness of lactation.

The Anatomy of Glenoid Concavity—Bony and Osteochondral Assessment of a Stability-Related Parameter

Glenoid concavity is a crucial factor for glenohumeral stability. However, the distribution of this stability-related parameter has not been focused on in anatomical studies. In this retrospective study, computed tomography (CT) data and tactile measurements of n = 27 human cadaveric glenoids were analyzed with respect to concavity. For this purpose, the bony and osteochondral shoulder stability ratio (BSSR/OSSR) were determined based on the radius and depth of the glenoid shape in eight directions. Various statistical tests were performed for the comparison of directional concavity and analysis of the relationship between superoinferior and anteroposterior concavity. The results proved that glenoid concavity is the least distinctive in anterior, posterior, and anterosuperior direction but increases significantly toward the superior, anteroinferior, and posteroinferior glenoid. The OSSR showed significantly higher concavity than the BSSR for most of the directions considered. Moreover, the anteroposterior concavity is linearly correlated with superoinferior concavity. The nonuniform distribution of concavity indicates directions with higher stability provided by the anatomy. The linear relationship between anteroposterior and superoinferior concavity may motivate future research using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) data to optimize clinical decision-making toward more personalized treatment of glenoid bone loss.

Glenoid concavity has a higher impact on shoulder stability than the size of a bony defect

Purpose Surgical treatment of shoulder instability caused by anterior glenoid bone loss is based on a critical threshold of the defect size. Recent studies indicate that the glenoid concavity is essential for glenohumeral stability. However, biomechanical proof of this principle is lacking. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether glenoid concavity allows a more precise assessment of glenohumeral stability than the defect size alone. Methods The stability ratio (SR) is a biomechanical estimate of glenohumeral stability. It is defined as the maximum dislocating force the joint can resist related to a medial compression force. This ratio was determined for 17 human cadaveric glenoids in a robotic test setup depending on osteochondral concavity and anterior defect size. Bony defects were created gradually, and a 3D measuring arm was used for morphometric measurements. The influence of defect size and concavity on the SR was examined using linear models. In addition, the morphometrical-based bony shoulder stability ratio (BSSR) was evaluated to prove its suitability for estimation of glenohumeral stability independent of defect size. Results Glenoid concavity is a significant predictor for the SR, while the defect size provides minor informative value. The linear model featured a high goodness of fit with a determination coefficient of R2 = 0.98, indicating that 98% of the SR is predictable by concavity and defect size. The low mean squared error (MSE) of 4.2% proved a precise estimation of the SR. Defect size as an exclusive predictor in the linear model reduced R2 to 0.9 and increased the MSE to 25.7%. Furthermore, the loss of SR with increasing defect size was shown to be significantly dependent on the initial concavity. The BSSR as a single predictor for glenohumeral stability led to highest precision with MSE = 3.4%. Conclusion Glenoid concavity is a crucial factor for the SR. Independent of the defect size, the computable BSSR is a precise biomechanical estimate of the measured SR. The inclusion of glenoid concavity has the potential to influence clinical decision-making for an improved and personalised treatment of glenohumeral instability with anterior glenoid bone loss.

Clinical outcomes of nonoperatively managed degenerative cervical myelopathy: an ambispective longitudinal cohort study in 117 patients

OBJECTIVE Degenerative cervical myelopathy (DCM) is among the most common pathologies affecting the spinal cord but its natural history is poorly characterized. The purpose of this study was to investigate functional outcomes in patients with DCM who were managed nonoperatively as well as the utility of quantitative clinical measures and MRI to detect deterioration. METHODS Patients with newly diagnosed DCM or recurrent myelopathic symptoms after previous surgery who were initially managed nonoperatively were included. Retrospective chart reviews were performed to analyze clinical outcomes and anatomical MRI scans for worsening compression or increased signal change. Quantitative neurological assessments were collected prospectively, including modified Japanese Orthopaedic Association (mJOA) score; Quick-DASH; graded redefined assessment of strength, sensation, and prehension–myelopathy version (GRASSP–M: motor, sensory, and dexterity); grip dynamometer; Berg balance scale score; gait stability ratio; and gait variability index. A deterioration of 10% was considered significant (e.g., a 2-point decrease in mJOA score). RESULTS A total of 117 patients were included (95 newly diagnosed, 22 recurrent myelopathy), including 74 mild, 28 moderate, and 15 severe cases. Over a mean follow-up of 2.5 years, 57% (95% CI 46%–67%) of newly diagnosed patients and 73% (95% CI 50%–88%) of patients with recurrent DCM deteriorated neurologically. Deterioration was best detected with grip strength (60%), GRASSP dexterity (60%), and gait stability ratio (50%), whereas the mJOA score had low sensitivity (33%) in 50 patients. A composite score had a sensitivity of 81% and a specificity of 82%. The sensitivity of anatomical MRI was 28% (83 patients). CONCLUSIONS DCM appears to have a poor natural history; however, prospective studies are needed for validation. Serial assessments should include mJOA score, grip strength, dexterity, balance, and gait analysis. The absence of worsening on anatomical MRI or in mJOA scores is not sufficient to determine clinical stability.

Hydroclimatic Controls on Salt Fluxes and Halite Deposition in the Dead Sea and the Shaping of “Salt Giants”

<p>As the only deep hypersaline, halite‐precipitating lake on Earth today, the Dead Sea is the<br>single modern analog for investigating the mechanisms by which large‐scale and thick salt deposits,<br>known as “salt giants”, have accreted in the geological record. We directly measure the hydroclimatic forcing<br>and the physical limnologic processes leading to halite sedimentation, the vertical thermohaline structure,<br>and salt fluxes in the Dead Sea. We demonstrate that changes in these forcing lead to strong seasonal<br>and regional variations in the stratification stability ratio, triggering corresponding spatiotemporal<br>variations in thermohaline staircase formation and diapycnal salt flux, and finally control the thickness of<br>the halite layer deposited. The observed staircase formation is consistent with the mean‐field γ instability,<br>causing layering in double‐diffusive convection. We show that double diffusion and thermohaline staircase<br>formation drive the spatial variability of halite deposition in hypersaline water bodies, underlying and<br>shaping “salt giants” basin architecture.</p>

Influence of Different Dual-Task Conditions During Straight or Curved Walking on Gait Performance of Physically Active Older Women With Cognitive Decline

Real-world walking requires shifting attention from different cognitive demands to adapt gait. This study aims to evaluate the effect of dual tasking on spatiotemporal gait parameters of older adults. Participants were asked to perform a primary complex single-walking task, consisting of a fast-paced linear and a curved gait. Primary task was performed separately and simultaneously with different motor and cognitive secondary tasks. Spatiotemporal gait parameters, walk ratio, and walk stability ratio were measured. Apart from stride length, which stood relatively unchanged, gait speed and cadence were strongly affected by cognitive dual tasking. Cadence seems to be the most impacted by dual tasking during curved gait as it combines challenges of both primary and secondary tasks. Also, during curved phase, walking ratio was significantly lower and stability ratio was greater demonstrating that participants adopted a cautious gait where maintenance of stability took preference over efficiency.

CHANGES JUSTIFICATION IN A CALCULATING METHOD OF LOAD STABILITY OF AUTOMOTIVE HOISTING CRANES AND AUTOMOTIVE MANIPULATOR CRANES BASED ON THE NORMATIVE DOCUMENTS ANALYSIS

Introduction. The main requirement for lifting equipment is a strict compliance with safe operation measures. Therefore, special attention is focused on this issue when designing each unit of the equipment. However, despite the extensive list of the current normative documents and systematic monitoring, according to the annual official reports of the Federal service for environmental, technological and nuclear supervision over recent years the facilities that use lifting structures have high indicators for the number of accidents. In addition, the study of a load stability ratio determining in the design of automotive hoisting cranes and automotive manipulator cranes is particularly relevant at the present time due to a wide development of new lifting equipment as the development of the market for cranes has resulted in the occurrence of new technical issues in design and manufacture this type of lifting equipment. As part of the research work to improve the accuracy of calculating the load stability of automotive hoisting cranes and automotive manipulator cranes based on the analysis of existing normative and technical documents the possible occurrence of the accidents causes due to imperfection of regulatory instructions or non-compliance with regulatory instructions during design manufacturer work was considered.Materials and methods. This article is devoted to the study the fundamental principles of the nominative documents regulating the design and operation of the automotive hoisting cranes and automotive manipulator cranes. Both of the current and archived nominative documents in the field of lifting equipment are considered. Special attention is paid to the issues of determining the load stability of the automotive hoisting cranes and automotive manipulator cranes.Discussion and conclusion. The key differences in the calculating method of the load stability of the automotive hoisting cranes and automotive manipulator cranes are highlighted. The accidents statistics of load-lifting mechanisms and lifting structures of the Federal service for environmental, technological and nuclear supervision are given. The main causes of lifting equipment accidents are highlighted. The ways of solving the modernization of the existing methodology for determining the load stability of automotive hoisting cranes are proposed by including previously unrecorded factors related to the technical features of the chassis which contributes to improving the accuracy of the obtained values of the load stability ratio.