normal reference range
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2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (6) ◽  
pp. 209-215
Author(s):  
A. Abdulkarim ◽  
◽  
K. M. Aljameel ◽  

This study was conducted at the Department of Animal Science’s Teaching and Research farm of Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Sokoto to evaluate the effect of feeding different kanwa based mineral licks on blood profile of Uda rams. Blood of twenty (20) yearlings Uda rams aged by dentition were used to evaluate the effect of Kanwa¬-based mineral blocks. Four (4) animals were allotted to each treatment (Kanwa block) with each animal serving as a replicate. The Kanwa used were Kanwan Bai-Bai, Kanwan Kolo, Hogga, Balma and conventional mineral lick to represent treatment 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 respectively. Data was collected at the end of the experiment. The result of haematological analysis showed significant (p<0.05) differences in all the parameters analysed except PCV, MCH, WBC and eosinophil; the result indicated that all the values where within the normal reference range except in MCHC where animals placed in T2 and T3 shows values slightly above the normal range. The result of serum biochemistry showed that all the values measured were within the normal reference range for sheep except the albumin of animals placed in T3 which had values slightly above the normal range. The serum mineral composition showed that Potassium levels were higher in T2 and lower in T4; however, there was no difference between animals placed in treatments 1, 2 and 3, so also between treatments 1, 3 and 4. The study concluded that Kanwa positively affected sheep production with no adverse effect on both haematological and serum chemistry, hence little health hazard is associated with feeding Kanwa-based blocks on growing Uda rams.


2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 048-055
Author(s):  
Mohamed Elfadil M. Garelnabi ◽  
Albosairi Tafor Ahmed ◽  
Samia Abdelgauom Fathelrahman ◽  
Ashwag Moshabab Alqhtani ◽  
Saleh Hudayban Althaiban

The values of normal transverse (interpedicular) and sagittal (midsagittal) diameters are different at various levels of lumbar spinal canal in individuals of the same race and differ at identical levels in individuals of various races. The aim of the study was to determine normal reference range of the lumbar spinal canal dimensions and to evaluate lumbar pedicle dimensions with respect to spinal level, age, gender in Saudi population by using Computed Tomography. This study was conducted in Najran province (K.S.A), archival abdominal CT scan images from PACS in hospitals were used. The data of this study was collected from 210 (102 male and 108 female) normal Saudi adults individuals with different ages, gender over a period of 20 months (2019 - 2021). The mean spinal canal transverse distance (SCTR) showed steady decrease from L1 to L4, as there was an increasing in (SCTR) at L5 relative to L4, The mean spinal canal anteroposterior diameter (SCAP) showed a decrease from L1 to L3, and then a gradual increase from L4 to L5 (Fig.4-10). This pattern was observed in males only as there was an increase of female (SCAP) at L2 and L5, and no significant gender difference was noted at any lumbar level for (SCAP) The mean pedicle width (PW) showed steady increase from L1 to L5. While the mean pedicle height (PH) showed a gradual decrease from L1 to L5. The study conclude that Computed tomography is a reliable method for determining the morphological measurements of the spinal canal and pedicles diameter.


Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 2987
Author(s):  
Samanta Nardi ◽  
Federico Puccini Leoni ◽  
Viola Monticelli ◽  
Valentina Virginia Ebani ◽  
Fabrizio Bertelloni ◽  
...  

Given the abundance of chickens in Italy, it is important for veterinarians to know the normal state of chickens’ eyes in order to identify any ophthalmic pathological changes. The aim of this study was to determine the normal values of select ocular parameters and to evaluate conjunctival microflora in two Italian chicken breeds. Sixty-six healthy chickens underwent a complete ophthalmic examination, which included a phenol red thread test (PRTT) for the evaluation of tear production and the assessment of intraocular pressure by rebound tonometry. B-mode ultrasound biometric measurements and conjunctival microflora identification were also performed in twenty-seven chickens. Mean PRTT was 23.77 ± 2.99 mm/15 s in the Livorno breed and 19.95 ± 2.81 mm/15 s in the Siciliana breed. Mean intraocular pressure was 14.3 ± 1.17 mmHg in the Livorno breed and 14.06 ± 1.15 mmHg in the Siciliana breed. Reference ranges for morphometric parameters were reported in the two breeds. Twenty-three chickens (85.18%) were bacteriologically positive. Chlamydia spp. antigen was detected in 14.81% of chickens. No positive cultures were obtained for fungi. Normal reference range values for selected ophthalmic parameters were obtained in clinically healthy chickens, which could facilitate accurate diagnosis and better management of ophthalmic diseases in these animals.


Author(s):  
Nassar Taha Alibrahim ◽  
Samih Abed Odhaib ◽  
Ali Hussain Alhamza ◽  
Ammar Mohammed Saeed Almomin ◽  
Ibrahim Abbood Zaboon ◽  
...  

Background: Thyroid function tests are mandatory in clinical practice because symptoms and signs are not reliable to discriminate between various types of thyroid disease. Aim: The aim of this study was to determine assay-specific reference range for serum free T4, total T4, total T3 and TSH among healthy non-pregnant adult cohort for Roche® platforms in Basrah (Southern Iraq) from single laboratory in a tertiary center using indirect approach of the available data. Methods: A Cross sectional study for non-pregnant adults 19 years and above. Sera were analyzed by using cobs e411 for thyroid functions tests. Results: Total enrolled persons were 10,078. The 95% reference intervals for TSH were 0.20-6.50 μIU/mL, which increased with age though not linear, for free T4 were 0.8-1.70 ng/dL, for total T4 were 3.78-15.33 μg/dL, and for total T3 were 0.80-2.50 ng/mL. Colcusion: Cobs e411(Roche® analytical platform) analyzer reference range for thyroid function  cannot be applied for Iraqi population .


Author(s):  
Ibrahim Ali Abd Elsalam Rady ◽  
Mervat Abd Elhamid Elkhateeb ◽  
Maaly Mohamed Mabrouk ◽  
Noha Elsayed Esheba

Background: Recombinant human erythropoietin demonstrated an impressive ability to improve hematocrit, raising hematocrit of hemodialysis patients, eliminating the need for transfusions, and in patients with iron overload, decreased serum ferritin. Thyrotropin could affect hematopoiesis by binding to a functional thyrotropin receptor, which is found in both erythrocytes and some extrathyroidal tissues. The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship of Thyrotropin level within normal reference range (in euthyroid state) on erythropoietin dose in end-stage renal disease patients on hemodialysis. Methods: Prospective cross-sectional study was carried out at the hemodialysis units. It included 60 patients who had end-stage renal disease on hemodialysis. The selected patients were classified into 2 groups: Group A: included 30 end-stage renal disease patients on hemodialysis with Thyrotropin level (0.4-<2.5 miu/L) and Group B: included 30 end-stage renal disease patients on hemodialysis with Thyrotropin level (2.5-4.2 miu/L). Results: the hemoglobin level and the hematocrit level showed a highly statistically significant difference between both groups. The needed Erythropiotin dosage was higher in group B than in group A with highly statistically significant difference. Weighted Erythropiotin dosage was calculated (weighted Erythropiotin=Erythropiotin dosage/weight) and the mean required dose was less than the required dose in group B and there was a highly statistically significant difference between the two groups. There was a significant negative correlation between the Thyrotropin level and hematocrit level and that leads us to conclude that the higher the Thyrotropin, the lower hematocrit will be and subsequently the higher Erythropiotin dose needed. Conclusions: There is a relationship between Thyrotropin level even within normal reference range (in euthyroid state) on erythropoietin dose in end-stage renal disease patients on hemodialysis. In other words, the higher Thyrotropin level is, the more Erythropiotin dose needed. The required erythropoietin stimulating agent dose can be predicted by measuring Thyrotropin level.


2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Funmilola Clara Thomas ◽  
Richard Edem Antia ◽  
Fakilahyel Mshelbwala ◽  
Eyitayo Solomon Ajibola ◽  
Obokparo Godspower Ohore ◽  
...  

Abstract Pre-slaughter White Fulani cows were purposively sampled on the basis of body condition: emaciated (n=37) and non-emaciated (n=37), with the objective of understanding the intricate interplay of oxidative stress, trace elements and haematological variations during emaciation. Blood was drawn from the jugular vein for haematological analysis and accruing serum was used for the evaluation of malondialdehyde (oxidative stress marker), antioxidant enzymes and compounds, serum protein, electrolytes as well as trace elements. Significant (p < 0.05) differences between the emaciated and non-emaciated cows were established only in the values of copper and reduced glutathione (GSH), which were lower in emaciated cows (EC). None of the animals had packed cell volume (PCV) below the normal reference range, however values above the normal (> 46%) were seen, suggesting dehydration. The PCV in emaciated cattle was slightly lower than in non-emaciated cows. The mean malondialdehyde concentration in non-emaciated cattle was higher than that in emaciated ones, however antioxidants SOD, catalase, Vitamin C and zinc were slightly higher in non-emaciated cows (NEC). Overall, the results indicate that emaciation in studied White Fulani cows (WFC) displayed a variable redox homeostasis confounded by dehydration and depletion of antioxidants.


Author(s):  
Yinon Gilboa ◽  
Michał Krekora ◽  
Katarzyna Zych-Krekora ◽  
Sharon Perlman ◽  
Ron Bardin ◽  
...  

IntroductionThe aim of our study was to assess fetal pancreas size of the in a population of well controlled mothers with gestational diabetes.Material and methodsA cross sectional, prospective observational study. Pregnant women at 19-38 weeks of gestation who received glycemic control treatment for pre- or gestational diabetes were recruited. The fetal pancreas circumference (PC) was measured and compared to normal reference range. The Z score of the difference between measured and normal predicted mean PC, the regression analysis throughout pregnancy and the correlation between estimated fetal weight centile and PC were calculated.ResultsNinety-one gestational diabetic (GDM) and thirty-four pre gestational diabetic (PGDM) mothers were included in the study. For both groups, fetal PC correlated significantly with AC, EFW and GA. For GDM, the mean Z score between the predicted and the normal predicted PC for each week of gestation peaked at around 24 weeks of gestation (1.1) and decreased gradually afterwards to a zero value at 37 weeks. For PGDM, the mean Z score per week of gestation decreased constantly with advancing of pregnancy. It was positive until the 25th week of gestation and then presented negative values towards term.ConclusionsWe present preliminary data linking glycemic control treatment and fetal pancreas size. This correlation supports Pedersen's hypothesis and may serve as an indirect method for assessment of the effect of maternal hyperglycemia on the glucose-insulin environment within the fetal compartment.


2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 860-864
Author(s):  
Sariya Asawakarn ◽  
Sujin Sirisawadi ◽  
Nanthida Kunnasut ◽  
Patchana Kamkong ◽  
Piyanan Taweethavonsawat

Background and Aim: Canine filariasis is caused by several species of filarial worms. The pathophysiological response to infection is mainly due to the filaria lifecycle. Laboratory detection methods to assess the pathological alterations characteristic of filariasis are needed urgently. Serum protein profiles and C-reactive protein (CRP) levels are used widely to diagnose several animal diseases. This study aimed to determine the serum protein profiles and CRP levels in dogs infected with Dirofilaria immitis or Brugia pahangi or both parasites. Materials and Methods: Blood samples were collected from 980 dogs presenting at animal hospitals and veterinary clinics in Bangkok and its vicinity. The presence of microfilaria in samples was determined using a buffy coat smear and staining with Wright–Giemsa. The sheathed and unsheathed microfilaria species were identified by acid phosphatase staining. Forty positive samples were tested. The serum protein profiles were identified by agarose gel electrophoresis. The CRP concentration was measured using a fluorescent immunoassay. Results: Albumin levels and albumin-to-globulin ratios were significantly lower, and total protein, β2 globulin, and γ globulin levels were significantly elevated in dogs infected with D. immitis and B. pahangi compared with reference values in normal dogs. The average CRP concentrations in dogs infected with D. immitis or B. pahangi were 69.9 and 12.9 mg/L, respectively. Conclusion: The total protein and γ globulin levels increased in canine filariasis compared with the normal reference range. The CRP concentration in dogs infected with D. immitis was extremely high, whereas that in dog infected with B. pahangi was normal.


2021 ◽  
Vol 41 (2) ◽  
pp. 86-90
Author(s):  
Awad Alshahrani ◽  
Gulam M. Syed ◽  
Altaf H. Khan ◽  
Shah P. Numani ◽  
Abdulaziz Alnaim ◽  
...  

BACKGROUND: Thyrotoxicosis is a common medical problem. Thyroid nuclear imaging with either I 123 or technetium-99m (Tc-99m) pertechnetate are used to determine the cause. Although I 123 has been the standard technique, Tc-99m pertechnetate is now commonly used, acceptable and easier to perform. The commonly used normal value of Tc-99m pertechnetate is 1–4%, but lower normal values have been reported in different populations. OBJECTIVE: Determine normal reference range of Tc-99m pertechne-tate thyroid uptake for thyroid scintigraphy in Saudi Arabia. DESIGN: Retrospective, cross-sectional. SETTING: Nuclear medicine service at tertiary care center in Riyadh. PATIENTS AND METHODS: We used data from biochemically euthyroid patients who underwent a thyroid Tc-99m pertechnetate scan while having parathyroid scintigraphy for hyperparathyroidism between April 2009 to April 2019. Medical records and biochemical thyroid function tests were reviewed and Tc-99m pertechnetate thyroid uptake values were determined for each patient. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Thyroid uptake of Tc-99m pertechne-tate in euthyroid patients. SAMPLE SIZE: 167 RESULTS: The mean and median uptake of Tc-99m pertechnetate in euthyroid patients were 0.86% and 1.0%, respectively, and the inter-quartile range was 0.0–1.0%. The normal reference range in the study population was 0.2-2%. Thyroid uptake inversely correlated with age in females (r=−0.37, P <.001), males (r=−0.46, P =.001), and for all patients (r=?0.39, P <.0001). CONCLUSION: The range for normal thyroid Tc-99m pertechnetate was lower than the standard 1-4% range. Moreover, uptake decreased with age. Further studies are needed to establish the normal age-adjusted uptake for the thyroid Tc-99m pertechnetate scan. LIMITATIONS: Single center and retrospective. CONFLICT OF INTEREST: None.


2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shaoqi Chen ◽  
Zemin Zhuang ◽  
Qingzi Chen ◽  
Xiya Du ◽  
Weiping Li ◽  
...  

Abstract Background Whether the in vitro fertilization (IVF) has an effect on the cardiac function of the fetus is very important to evaluate the safety of the technique. The aim of this paper is to establish normal reference range for the fetal right myocardial performance index (RMPI), and compare the reference range between IVF fetuses and spontaneous pregnancy (SP) fetuses by automatic measurement of the RMPI. Methods Three hundred seventy-one spontaneous singleton pregnancies (the control group) and 39 singleton pregnancies conceived by IVF (the experimental group) were enrolled into the current study. An automatic measurement system was used to acquire the RMPI. The cardiac function of the two groups was compared by t-test. Results There was no significant difference in normal reference range of RMPI between IVF fetuses and SP fetuses (RMPI 0.42 ± 0.05 vs 0.43 ± 0.05). No strong correlation was also noted between RMPI with gestational age and heart rate. Conclusions Normal reference ranges of RMPI of IVF fetuses and SP fetuses were established, and no significant difference between IVF fetuses and SP fetuses in RMPI was found. Thus, these findings may suggest that IVF has little impact on cardiac function of the fetus.


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