PERIOD phosphoclusters control temperature compensation of the Drosophila circadian clock

Temperature compensation is a critical feature of circadian rhythms, but how it is achieved remains elusive. Here, we uncovered the important role played by the Drosophila PERIOD (PER) phosphodegron in temperature compensation. Using CRISPR-Cas9, we introduced a series of mutations that altered three Serines (S44, 45 and 47) belonging to the PER phosphodegron, the functional homolog of mammalian PER2’s S487 phosphodegron, which impacts temperature compensation. While all three Serine to Alanine substitutions lengthened period at all temperatures tested, temperature compensation was differentially affected. S44A and S45A substitutions caused decreased temperature compensation, while S47A resulted in overcompensation. These results thus reveal unexpected functional heterogeneity of phosphodegron residues in thermal compensation. Furthermore, mutations impairing phosphorylation of the per^s phosphocluster decreased thermal compensation, consistent with its inhibitory role on S47 phosphorylation. Interestingly,the S47A substitution caused increased accumulation of hyper-phosphorylated PER at warmer temperatures. This finding was corroborated by cell culture assays in which S47A caused excessive temperature compensation of phosphorylation-dependent PER degradation. Thus, we show a novel role of the PER phosphodegron in temperature compensation through temperature-dependent modulation of the abundance of hyper-phosphorylated PER. Our work also reveals interesting mechanistic convergences and differences between mammalian and Drosophila temperature compensation of the circadian clock.

Investigation of the possibility of regulation and automatic optimization of the control system of a chamber grain dryer

The regulation of the coolant speed during convective drying in a stationary grain layer allows the maximum use of the amount of heat energy for drying the material. The paper presents the results of a study of the regulation of the coolant speed on an experimental drying plant for use in the automatic control system of a chamber grain dryer. The article also discusses the issues of energy saving efficiency in drying chambers. The possibility of automatic control of the main parameters control system using a microcontroller is analyzed. Keywords: DRYING MODES, DRYING ZONE, AUTOMATIC CONTROL, TEMPERATURE CONTROLLER, FAN, OPTIMIZATION, MICROCONTROLLER, FREQUENCY CONVERTER

Improvement of Temperature Precision in Embryo-Incubator Chamber by Reducing Fluctuations

Temperature is one of the parameters that affects development of embryos. Therefore, it is important to keep stability of temperature in the chambers of embryo-incubators. In modern incubators, some accuracy of temperature has been achieved, although fluctuations are not eliminated yet. The aim of this research was to improve temperature accuracy by reducing of fluctuations. In modern benchtop incubators, a heating element is switched on and automatically shuts off when the desired value is reached. The heating element continues to heat up to a certain temperature after switching off, and the reverse process takes place during cooling. Inappropriate temperature may adversely affect the embryo. To control temperature more precisely, a new principle with infrared sensor has been developed, where power to heater is supplied with different PWM duty cycles. As the results, much more stable temperature with less fluctuations were achieved in comparison to modern systems using thermocouples and thermistors.

Probing Phase Transitions and Magnetism in Minerals with Neutrons

The development of sophisticated sample environments to control temperature, pressure, and magnetic field has grown in parallel with neutron source and instrumentation development. High-pressure apparatus, with high- and low-temperature capability, novel designs for diamond cells, and large volume presses are matched with next-generation neutron sources and moderator designs to provide unprecedented neutron beam brightness. Recent developments in sample environments are expanding the pressure–temperature space accessible to neutron scattering experiments. Researchers are using new capabilities and an increased understanding of the fundamentals of structural and magnetic transitions to explore new territories, including hydrogenous minerals (e.g., ices and hydrates) and magnetic structural phase diagrams.

The effects of estrogens on neural circuits that control temperature

Declining and variable levels of estrogens around the time of menopause are associated with a suite of metabolic, vascular, and neuroendocrine changes. The archetypal adverse effects of peri-menopause are vasomotor symptoms, which include hot flashes and night sweats. Although vasomotor symptoms are routinely treated with hormone therapy, the risks associated with these treatments encourage us to seek alternative treatment avenues. Understanding the mechanisms underlying the effects of estrogens on temperature regulation is a first step toward identifying novel therapeutic targets. Here we outline findings in rodents that reveal neural and molecular targets of estrogens within brain regions that control distinct components of temperature homeostasis. These insights suggest that estrogens may alter the function of multiple specialized neural circuits to coordinate the suite of changes after menopause. Thus, defining the precise cells and neural circuits that mediate the effects of estrogens on temperature has promise to identify strategies that would selectively counteract hot flashes or other negative side effects without the health risks that accompany systemic hormone therapies.

The Usage of IoT and far off Sensor Associations and their Application in Horticulture for the Improvement of Yield Efficiency in India

In the development of mortal civilization, farming assumes a key part. Individuals are taking a stab at giving extra endeavor likewise extraordinary ways to deal with duplicate food presentation as a result of the expanded interest for food. One such activity is the utilization of different advances for horticulture. As IoT sensors are equipped for giving horticultural field data and afterward following up based on crack information, keen cultivating is an arising term. The rising need of sustenance, in respects with total and greatness, has expanded the interest for the farming area to heighten and industrialize. The IoT is a very reassuring family of robotizations having able in giving various answers for rural modernization In this work, the development of a wise ranch structure utilizing the guaranteed winner of progressive automation including Arduino Uno, Web of Things and Remote Sensor Organization is proposed. The element of this paper is the improvement of a framework is utilized to control temperature, moistness, mugginess and furthermore the mediation of creatures through sensors to execute crops in the farming area utilizing the Arduino board in case of any distinction, following ecological conditions utilizing 3G/4G/5G/Wi-Fi modules are considered as major ingredient in achieving the yield of productive crops, and sending the SMS notification and an application notification designed similar towards producer's smart phone making use of 3G/4G/5G/Wi-Fi modules. There are a few examination issues identified with sensors and their organizations due to the meaning of sensor innovation. A portion of the significant sensor network issues for which a few arrangements have been proposed by scientists are energy requirements, restricted handling power, little memory and information security. The work fundamentally centers in investigating the requirement for remote sensors in various fields of agribusiness additionally tells the new progression in the IoT market, need of robotization in horticulture area likewise what all difficulties ranchers are confronting utilizing IoT.

Effects of experimental warming on small phytoplankton, bacteria and viruses in autumn in the Mediterranean coastal Thau Lagoon

To investigate the responses of a natural microbial plankton community of coastal Mediterranean waters to warming, which are still poorly known, an in situ mesocosm experiment was carried out in Thau Lagoon during autumn 2018. Several microorganisms, including virio-, bacterio-, and phytoplankton < 10 µm in size, were monitored daily and analysed using flow cytometry for 19 consecutive days in six mesocosms. Three mesocosms (control) had the same natural water temperature as the lagoon, and the other three were warmed by + 3 °C in relation to the control temperature. The cytometric analyses revealed an unexpected community dominated by picophytoplanktonic cells, including Prochlorococcus-like and Picochlorum-like cells, which had not previously been found in Thau Lagoon. The experimental warming treatment increased the abundances of nanophytoplankton, cyanobacteria, bacteria and viruses during the experiment and triggered earlier blooms of cyanobacteria and picoeukaryotes. Only the abundance of Picochlorum-like cells was significantly reduced under warmer conditions. The growth and grazing rates of phytoplankton and bacterioplankton estimated on days 2 and 8 showed that warming enhanced the growth rates of most phytoplankton groups, while it reduced those of bacteria. Surprisingly, warming decreased grazing on phytoplankton and bacteria at the beginning of the experiment, while during the middle of the experiment it decreased the grazing on prokaryote only but increased it for eukaryotes. These results reveal that warming affected the Thau Lagoon plankton community from viruses to nanophytoplankton in fall, inducing changes in both dynamics and metabolic rates.

Sistem Pengendalian Suhu Serta Kelembaban Ruang Sarang Walet Menggunakan Fuzzy Berbasis Mikrokontroler

Sarang walet merupakan tempat memproduksi air liur burung walet yang telah mengeras. Dalam pembuatan sarang walet harus memiliki kriteria-kriteria. Beberapa kriteria tersebut adalah suhu ruangan walet idealnya adalah 26-29 derajat celcius. Kelembaban udara juga berpengaruh terhadap sarang walet. Biasanya untuk mengatasi hal ini terdapat kolam air untuk menampung air pada ruangan. Air yang ada pada kolam tersebut di gunakan untuk mengatur kelembaban udara. Sehingga akan menjadi mirip seperti goa pada umum nya. Tingkat kelembaban dari 70 sampai 90 derajat celcius. Pada Intensitas cahaya 0 lux (gelap total) adalah intensitas cahaya yang disukai oleh Burung Walet untuk bersarang. Untuk bisa mendapatkan suhu dan kelembaban ideal diperlukan system automatis dalam mengontrol suhu dan kelembaban secara realtime. Dengan system automatisasi yang di atur melalui mikrokontroller menggunakan metode Fuzzy Sugeno untuk menghasilkan puteran air pada keran sehingga mempermudah kontrol ruang sarang walet dan juga data suhu serta kelembaban yang di kirim ke database untuk mempermudah monitoring suhu dan kelembaban dari website. Hasilnya adalah dengan penggunaan sistem kontrol suhu dan kelembaban menggunakan metode fuzzy Sugeno didapatkan hasil dengan 3 parameter yaitu suhu, kelembaban dan cahaya adalah 61.11%, sedangkan dengan 2 parameter yaitu suhu dan kelembaban adalah 39.29% dari 18x percobaan. Kata Kunci—Microcontroller, Arduino, Fuzzy Sugeno, IoTSwallow's nest is a place to produce hardened swallow birds' saliva. In making swallow nests must have criteria. Some of these criteria are the ideal walet room temperature is 26-29 degrees Celsius. Humidity also affects swallow's nest. Usually to overcome this there is a pool of water to hold water in the room. The water in the pool is used to regulate the humidity of the air. So it will be like a cave in general. Humidity levels from 70 to 90 degrees Celsius. At 0 Lux (total dark) light intensity is the intensity of light favored by Swallow for nesting. To be able to get the ideal temperature and humidity needed an automatic system to control temperature and humidity in real time. With the automation system that is set through a microcontroller using the Fuzzy Sugeno method to produce water spin on the tap making it easier to control swallow nest space and temperature and humidity data sent to the database to facilitate monitoring of temperature and humidity from the website. The result is the use of a temperature and humidity control system using the Sugeno fuzzy method obtained results with 3 parameters namely temperature, humidity and light is 61.11%, while with 2 parameters namely temperature and humidity is 39.29% from 18x experiments. Keywords—Microcontroller, Arduino, Fuzzy Sugeno, IoT