ocular fixation
Recently Published Documents


TOTAL DOCUMENTS

56
(FIVE YEARS 5)

H-INDEX

15
(FIVE YEARS 1)

2020 ◽  
Vol 259 (1) ◽  
pp. 157-164
Author(s):  
Amparo Gil-Casas ◽  
David P. Piñero Llorens ◽  
Ainhoa Molina-Martin

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. e1-e7
Author(s):  
Daniel Laby

Purpose Although hitting a baseball is often described as the most difficult task in all of sports, shooting baskets during a game likely ranks a close second. Previous studies have described the role of vision in basketball and more specifically a concept termed the “quiet eye” has been shown to be related to basketball performance. How a shooter visualizes the target, how consistent their visual fixation is, and how long they maintain that fixation has been correlated to shooting success. Although the majority of previous reports have included non-professional basketball shooters, we evaluated NBA (National Basketball Association) players to determine if this skill was significant at the professional level. Materials and Methods We evaluated 16 professional NBA players prior to the 2018-2019 NBA season. All players shot 30 consecutive free-throws while wearing Tobii Pro eye-tracking glasses. Following the completion of the task, several metrics were calculated including shooting success rate, as well as four measures of the position and duration of ocular fixation just prior to, during, and immediately after ball release for each shot of each player. Additionally, player performance statistics from the 2018-2019 season were recorded and compared to the visual fixation data. Descriptive statistics as well as correlations between the visual fixation metrics and on-court performance metrics were calculated. Results NBA shooters averaged a 79% success rate in free throw shooting (SD = 14%, min = 56%, max=100%) during the study. Moderate statistically significant correlations were found between the percentage of successful free throws and the four measures of visual fixation (r=0.539 to 0.687). In addition, visual fixation measures were found to be corelated with on-court metrics suggesting that shooters who had more frequent, as well as longer, fixations on the rim where more likely to have lower USG%, and ORB% as well as higher FG3%. The percentage of successful shots in the study was compared to the on-court FT% and found to be moderately correlated (r=0.536). Conclusions The need to maintain ocular fixation on the rim as one shoots seems elementary, but in fact varies greatly among NBA players, as noted in these results. Our data suggests that players who visually fixate longer and more frequently on the rim are more likely to be successful in free throws, as well as more successful in 3-point goals. Likely due to their likely distance from the basket, they do not make as many offensive rebounds. This data set appears to describe basketball guards in contrast to forwards/centers and supports previous research on non-professional basketball players.


ORBIT Journal ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-19
Author(s):  
Livinț Popa Livia ◽  
Selejan Ovidiu ◽  
Strilciuc Ștefan ◽  
Verișezan Roșu Olivia ◽  
Balea Maria ◽  
...  

2017 ◽  
Vol 17 (10) ◽  
pp. 890
Author(s):  
Angelo Arleo ◽  
Marcia Bécu ◽  
Guillaume Tatur ◽  
Alix de Dieuleveult ◽  
Changmin Wu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  

2017 ◽  
Vol 102 (1) ◽  
pp. 102-108
Author(s):  
Joana Jesus-Ribeiro ◽  
Cláudia Farinha ◽  
Margarida Amorim ◽  
Anabela Matos ◽  
Aldina Reis ◽  
...  

Background/aimsNeurodegeneration with brain iron accumulation (NBIA) type I is a rare disease that can be divided into a classical or atypical variant, according to age of onset and clinical pattern. Neuro-ophthalmological involvement has been documented in the classical variant but only anecdotically in the atypical variant. We sought to describe the visual and ocular motor function in patients with atypical form of NBIA type I.MethodsCross-sectional study, including patients with genetically confirmed NBIA type I and classified as atypical variant, who underwent ophthalmological examination with best corrected visual acuity (BCVA), optical coherence tomography (OCT), fundus autofluorescence (FAF), electroretinography (ERG), visual evoked potentials (VEP) and video-oculography.ResultsSeven patients with a mean BCVA of 0.12±0.14 logMAR were included. Only two patients showed structural evidence of advanced retinopathy in OCT and FAF, and there were no cases of optic atrophy. ERG data, however, showed abnormal scotopic and/or photopic responses in all patients. VEP were normal in all three patients. Ocular fixation was markedly unstable (eg, increased rate of saccadic pulses) in the majority of patients (5). Additional mild ocular motor disturbances included low gain pursuit (2), hypermetric saccades (1), low gain optokinetic (2) and caloric and rotatory responses (3).ConclusionFunctional retinal changes associated with marked instability of ocular fixation should be included in the clinical spectrum of NBIA, particularly in the atypical form.


2017 ◽  
Vol 67 (1) ◽  
pp. 201-215
Author(s):  
Adam B. Kashlak ◽  
Eoin Devane ◽  
Helge Dietert ◽  
Henry Jackson

2017 ◽  
Vol 372 (1718) ◽  
pp. 20160204 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susana Martinez-Conde ◽  
Stephen L. Macknik

Scientists have pondered the perceptual effects of ocular motion, and those of its counterpart, ocular stillness, for over 200 years. The unremitting ‘trembling of the eye’ that occurs even during gaze fixation was first noted by Jurin in 1738. In 1794, Erasmus Darwin documented that gaze fixation produces perceptual fading, a phenomenon rediscovered in 1804 by Ignaz Paul Vital Troxler. Studies in the twentieth century established that Jurin's ‘eye trembling’ consisted of three main types of ‘fixational’ eye movements, now called microsaccades (or fixational saccades), drifts and tremor. Yet, owing to the constant and minute nature of these motions, the study of their perceptual and physiological consequences has met significant technological challenges. Studies starting in the 1950s and continuing in the present have attempted to study vision during retinal stabilization—a technique that consists on shifting any and all visual stimuli presented to the eye in such a way as to nullify all concurrent eye movements—providing a tantalizing glimpse of vision in the absence of change. No research to date has achieved perfect retinal stabilization, however, and so other work has devised substitute ways to counteract eye motion, such as by studying the perception of afterimages or of the entoptic images formed by retinal vessels, which are completely stable with respect to the eye. Yet other research has taken the alternative tack to control eye motion by behavioural instruction to fix one's gaze or to keep one's gaze still, during concurrent physiological and/or psychophysical measurements. Here, we review the existing data—from historical and contemporary studies that have aimed to nullify or minimize eye motion—on the perceptual and physiological consequences of perfect versus imperfect fixation. We also discuss the accuracy, quality and stability of ocular fixation, and the bottom–up and top–down influences that affect fixation behaviour. This article is part of the themed issue ‘Movement suppression: brain mechanisms for stopping and stillness’.


2017 ◽  
Vol 372 (1718) ◽  
pp. 20160205 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard J. Krauzlis ◽  
Laurent Goffart ◽  
Ziad M. Hafed

Ocular fixation is a dynamic process that is actively controlled by many of the same brain structures involved in the control of eye movements, including the superior colliculus, cerebellum and reticular formation. In this article, we review several aspects of this active control. First, the decision to move the eyes not only depends on target-related signals from the peripheral visual field, but also on signals from the currently fixated target at the fovea, and involves mechanisms that are shared between saccades and smooth pursuit. Second, eye position during fixation is actively controlled and depends on bilateral activity in the superior colliculi and medio-posterior cerebellum; disruption of activity in these circuits causes systematic deviations in eye position during both fixation and smooth pursuit eye movements. Third, the eyes are not completely still during fixation but make continuous miniature movements, including ocular drift and microsaccades, which are controlled by the same neuronal mechanisms that generate larger saccades. Finally, fixational eye movements have large effects on visual perception. Ocular drift transforms the visual input in ways that increase spatial acuity; microsaccades not only improve vision by relocating the fovea but also cause momentary changes in vision analogous to those caused by larger saccades. This article is part of the themed issue ‘Movement suppression: brain mechanisms for stopping and stillness’.


Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document