Investigating the Village-based Tourism Economic Impact

Many studies have been documented that tourism economic impact is a determinant of community support toward tourism development. However, there is a lack of study investigating tourism economic impact on village-based tourism. This study investigates the relative important index of the item offered by previous literature. Besides, this study also examines different means from different respondents: gender, education, and age. Forty-seven respondents have participated in this study. The validity and reliability test is run before the items are ranked using the relative important index (RII). Mann-Whitney U test has applied any difference of means value between woman and man. Moreover, the Kruskal-Wallis test is employed to determine any difference of means value among different levels of respondent education. The result shows that all items are valid and reliable. This study concludes that the first rank is variable 1 (village-based tourism increased job opportunities for village communities) with a relative important index of 0.898. Besides, six items have no mean value difference between man and woman, except for variable 5 (village-based tourism given economic benefit to village people). Its asym significance of Mann-Whitney U asym significance is lesser than 0.05. Further, respondent education and age category also have no difference in mean value using the Kruskal Wallis test. This study implies that the tourism economics impact for village-based tourism can be used for further studies.

Sustainable Development in Smart Cities and Smart Villages

A smart city makes use of ICT in order to manage its resources efficiently and therefore provide a lot of new kinds of services that help in improving the quality of life of its citizens. A smart village employs both technological and non-technological solutions to fulfil the basic needs of the village people like education, health, economic growth, and food security. In India, many initiatives for the development of smart cities and smart villages have been started in recent years. While some of these initiatives are implemented successfully, others are taking their pace. This chapter describes the essential elements of smart cities and smart villages. Both technological and non-technological solutions are required for the development of Indian smart cities and villages. The chapter also highlights the issues and challenges that need to be overcome for sustainable development and digital transformation of cities and villages.

Self-Made Farmers and Sustainable Change?

We studied livelihood changes and poverty dynamics over a twenty-five-year period in two villages in central Tanzania. The villages were, from the early 1990s and 2000s, strikingly poor with between 50 per cent and 55 per cent of families in the poorest wealth groups. Twenty-five years later much has changed: people have become substantially wealthier, with 64 per cent and 71 per cent in the middle wealth groups. The new wealth had been generated locally, from farming, particularly of sunflowers as a cash crop. This goes against a conventional view of small-scale farming in Tanzania as being stagnant or unproductive. The area of land farmed per family has increased, almost doubling in one village. People have made money, which they invest in mechanized farming, improved housing, education of their children, livestock, and consumer goods. Improved infrastructure and local entrepreneurs have played key roles in the area’s transformation. Locally identified wealth rankings showed that most villagers, those in the middle wealth groups and above, can now support themselves from their land, which is a notable change to a time when 71 per cent and 82 per cent in each village respectively depended on casual labour for their survival. This change has come at a cost to the environment. By 2016, the village forests have largely gone and been replaced by farms. Farmers were concerned that the climate was turning drier because of deforestation. Satellite data confirms extensive forest loss in this location. Studying the mundane—the material used in roofs, the size of farms, and so on—made it possible to trace and understand the radical transition the area has experienced.

INFORMAL POLITICAL COMMUNICATION OF WOMEN IN LOCAL DEMOCRACY (STUDY AT BPD BALIUK VILLAGE, BARITO KUALA)

This study aims to determine how the informal communication strategy is used by women to achieve their political position in government villages. The essence of informal communications is not to follow any specific rules and procedures. the studies of informal communications have remained the question cause there is not a clear form of informal communication. This study has been contributed to the women's informal political communication in Baliuk village to fulfill the gap of informal communication studies. There are three strategies that women used to dominate political representatives in Baliuk Village Government. First, the women have dominated the political issue in Village, second, women’s have dominated the informal channel, second women dominated the informal political communication channels, and the third, women have dominated the informal campaign for BPD’s election. The main factors from those strategies are how the women do the interpersonal conversation and how they made gossip in every aspect and access of communication itself for their political interest. The women have a concern about how to use an alternative way of communications to gain power in a political position, then they have to succeed dominated Badan Permusyawaratan Desa or BPD as the representatives' institution for village people.

Narasi-narasi Kecil (Mikronarasi) dalam genre Fiksi Pedesaan Pendekatan Posmodernisme terhadap Cerpen Menghilang Bersama Angin karya Xing Qingjie

The short story text Disappearing with the Wind by Xing Qingjie as a representation of the rural fiction genre in Chinese Literature attempts to refute the grand narratives of modern fiction. For the author of the text, the power of modernity is not eternal, but can be subverted or deconstructed by giving acknowledgment to the small voices represented by Mr Zou, Sha Xiaobao, and the idiot woman in Disappearing with the Wind. This study uses a postmodernism approach to map the elements of disorientation, abnormality and small voices in that short story. Affirmation of the micronarrative is a way of working of postmodern fiction in challenging the power of modernity with the grand narrative as its main basis. For Xing Qingjie, reality does not always depend on big people, famous people, but can also be celebrated by village people, unusual people, including people who are marginalized in modern life. In his lawsuit, the presence of this text will emphasize that there is no central, no peripheral. All can be the center, and all can also be the periphery. Rural fiction pioneered by Lu Xun proves that denial of the power of grand narratives is possible in the same way that Xing Qingjie has done in a number of his works, including the short story Disappearing with the Wind.

Leaf Disease Detection

Agriculture is a key source of livelihood. Agriculture provides employment opportunities for village people on a large scale in developing countries like India. India's agriculture consists of the many crops and consistent with survey nearly 70% population is depends on agriculture. Most of Indian farmers are adopting manual cultivation thanks to lagging of technical knowledge. Farmers are unaware of what quite crops that grows well on their land. When plants are suffering from heterogeneous diseases through their leaves which will effect on the production of agriculture and profitable loss, also reduction in both quality and quantity of agricultural production. Leaves are important for fast growing of plant and to extend production of crops. Identifying diseases in plant leaves is challenging for farmers and also for researchers. Currently farmers are spraying pesticides to the plants but it affects humans directly or indirectly by health or also economically. To detect these plant diseases many fast techniques got to be adopt. In this paper, we have done surveys on different leaf diseases and various advanced techniques to detect these diseases. As said by Mahatma Gandhi, "Agriculture is the backbone of the Indian Economy". Hence the detection of leaf diseases is an important aspect in increasing the yield of a crop. By detecting the leaf disease farmer can increase the crop yield which leads in growth of country’s economy.

Bird diversity and ethno-ornithological knowledge of local people in Ciletuh-Palabuhanratu Geopark, Sukabumi, West Java, Indonesia

Iskandar J, Fathin AS, Silmi RH, Husodo T, Wulandari I, Megantara EN, Partasasmita R, Shanida SS. 2021. Bird diversity and ethno-ornithological knowledge of local people in Ciletuh-Palabuhanratu Geopark, Sukabumi, West Java, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 22: 3409-3422. Birds have ecological and social functions, and are common to be used as bioindicators of environmental changes. Birds are very important consideration when establishing conservation areas, including geopark which has uniqueness in terms of geological, biological and cultural diversities. This study aimed to investigate the bird diversity in Ciletuh-Palabuhanratu Geopark, West Java, Indonesia and as well as to reveal the local knowledge on bird species and folk classification, functions and utilization of birds among the village people. Mixed methods of quantitative and qualitative approaches were applied in this study, while some techniques, including semi-structured interviews, structured interviews, and bird observation on transect and spotlighting were employed to collect the primary data. In total, there were 121 bird species of 47 families of which 88 species were recorded during the field observation and 79 species were documented through the interviews with respondents. Among them, 12 species are listed as having high conservation status under IUCN, 17 species are listed as Appendix II (CITES), and 21 species are listed by Regulation of the Minister of Environment and Forestry of the Republic Indonesia No. P 106/2018 on Protected Plant and Animal Species. The local community has profound knowledge of birds species, folk classification, ecological, socio-cultural, and socio-economic functions. In the past, the village people had traditional beliefs and myths on birds, resulting in some sacred birds had been traditionally conserved. Nowadays, these are no longer strongly existed, and consequently, many birds have been hunted by using different methods of hunting birds, both traditional and modern for various purposes, including for consumption, bird keeping, and trading to obtain cash. Therefore, bird conservation efforts that involve the community are really needed in this area as the strategy of sustainable management of Ciletuh-Palabuhanratu Geopark.

Mobile Dictionary For Hitu Ethnic Language

Indonesians have many diverse ethnic groups. Each tribe has different traditions and cultures. As with language, each tribe has a different local language to communicate and interact with their community and environment. Hitu is one of the villages (Negeri) on Ambon Island, Central Maluku Regency. People in Tanah Hitu communicate every day using the Hitu language. Hituese is one of the local languages in Indonesia. The Hitu Country dictionary application is a mobile-based application that can make it easier for the people of Hitu Village to find translations from Hitu - Indonesian - English or vice versa. This is because many foreign and domestic tourists visit Hitu Village. People in Hitu can certainly speak Indonesian, but not all are able to speak it fluently. Therefore, this dictionary was created to facilitate the community in Hitu. This mobile application can display vocabulary translations that can be searched from Hitu to Indonesian and Indonesian to Hitu or vice versa. This dictionary will use Android-based mobile devices and will also take advantage of current developments that are very sophisticated. The Hitu dictionary application will be easy to carry anywhere and can be accessed every day.

Android App: Appno ki Madad (AKM)

In covid-19 we have seen in our localities/societies/village people faces lot of difficulties and problem and they really want to help each other but they don't know which person need help and how to help them. by taking all these into accounts we have made an application on a small scale in which people can help each other. In this research paper we have done complete analysis of an android application developed by us for to help in need. this paper refers the aim behind developing the android application in this paper we have mentioned how we can help each other in needy and keep record . In addition this paper also gives an introduction of some basic concepts of android application development.

The Ethnobotany Study of The Foodstuffs by Local Communities in The Bulumario Village, North Sumatera

Food is a primary human need. Various foods are initially obtained from plant species. Village people have used various food plants based on local knowledge and belief. The aims of this research were to elucidate (1) various food plants traditionally utilization by local people of the Bulumario Village, North Sumatra; (2) plant organs of food plants that are traditionally used by the local people of Bulumario village. The method used in this study was qualitative. Data were collected through surveys, interviews, and participatory observation. A total of 46 respondents were interviewed consisting of 22 men and 24 women who determined by purposive sampling. Data were analyzed was descriptively using descriptive statistics. A total of 83 species belonging to 66 genera and 36 families have been used by local communities in Bulumario village as foodstuffs. Those used as a source of carbohydrates (7 species), fruit sources (15 species), vegetables (32 species), and spices (21 species). Based on plant part used, the foodstuffs are fruit (34 species), leaves (21 species), and stems (13 species). The composition of food plants are cultivated (53 species), wild (18 species), and semi-cultivated (12 species). Solanum torvum, Garcinia attrovidis, Etlingera elatior, and Zanthoxylum acanthopodium are spices especially in Bulumario Village which have bioactivity as an antimicrobial so they are potential to be developed as a natural preservative. Pakkat (Calamus hookerianus, Calamus metzianus, Calamus thwaitesii and Plectocomiopsis geminiflora) have the potential to be developed as a vegetable or carbohydrate source.