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2022 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 78-99
Author(s):  
Celia Bense Ferreira Alves

This paper shows how conducting the ethnographic study of a theater hall and company can help define theater activity. Once the aesthetic of the social organization is set apart from the proper division of labor, theater appears as a collective activity which requires the cooperation of eight groups playing different social roles. The cooperation modes rest on a meshing of direct or indirect services for the actors who carry out the core task of performing. This specific organization of work around a central group is what makes the activity artistic. Simultaneously, the service relation offers the possibility for some categories to bring their relationship with actors closer to a state of symmetry and sometimes reverse asymmetry. As a status enhancing opportunity, service relationship for actors also directly or indirectly provide the grounds for participant commitment and thus guarantee long-lasting operation for the theatrical organization.


2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 232596712110018
Author(s):  
Sung-Jae Kim ◽  
Si Young Song ◽  
Tae Soung Kim ◽  
Yoon Sang Kim ◽  
Seong-Wook Jang ◽  
...  

Background: It remains unclear whether an anteromedial (AM) footprint or a central footprint anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) graft exhibits less contact stress with the femoral tunnel aperture. This contact stress can generate graft attrition forces, which can lead to potential graft failure. Purpose/Hypothesis: The purpose of this study was to compare the difference in contact stress patterns of the graft around a femoral tunnel that is created at the anatomic AM footprint versus the central footprint. It was hypothesized that the difference in femoral tunnel positions would influence the contact stress at the interface between the reconstructed graft and the femoral tunnel orifice. Study Design: Controlled laboratory study. Methods: A total of 24 patients who underwent anatomic single-bundle ACL reconstruction were included in this study. In 12 patients, the femoral tunnels were created at the center of the native AM footprint (AM group), and in the remaining 12 patients the center of the femoral tunnel was placed in the anatomic central footprint (central group). Three-dimensional knee models were created and manipulated using several modeling programs, and the graft-tunnel angle (GTA) was determined using a special software program. The peak contact stresses generated on the virtual ACL graft around the femoral tunnel orifice were calculated using a finite element method. Results: The mean GTA was significantly more obtuse in the AM group than in the central group (124.2° ± 5.9° vs 112.6° ± 7.9°; P = .001). In general, both groups showed high stress distribution on the anterior surface of the graft, which came in contact with the anterior aspect of the femoral tunnel aperture. The degree of stress in the central group (5.3 ± 2.6 MPa) was significantly higher than that in the AM group (1.2 ± 1.1 MPa) ( P < .001). Conclusion: Compared with the AM footprint ACL graft, the central footprint ACL graft developed significantly higher contact stress in the extended position, especially around the anterior aspect of the femoral tunnel orifice. Clinical Relevance: The contact stress of the ACL graft at the extended position of the knee may be minimized by creating the femoral tunnel at the AM-oriented footprint.


Author(s):  
Jarosław Neffe ◽  
Paweł Rabiej ◽  
Michał Rawłuszko

ObjectivesThe aim of this paper is to attempt to identify the main challenges faced by the Polish Armed Forces in the area of Joint Fire Support. The publication will present Joint Terminal Attack Controller’s point of view on the problems of Joint Fire Support in the Polish Armed Forces. Due to the complexity of the problem, the authors decided to limit the scope of presentation to the most visible difficulties in specific services.MethodsThe views presented here result from empirical research based on participatory observations that were conducted during numerous national and international training operations organised in Poland and abroad and non-categorised interviews with the JTACs from the Tactical Air Control Party Central Group and the Tactical Air Control Party Training Center in Military University of Aviation in Dęblin.ResultsThe publication will present Joint Terminal Attack Controller’s point of view on the problems of Joint Fire Support in the Polish Armed Forces. For linguistic purposes, the terms controller and navigator were used in this text as synonyms of the JTAC acronym.ConclusionsDue to the complexity of the problem, the authors decided to limit the scope of presentation to the most visible difficulties in specific services. For linguistic purposes, the terms controller and navigator were used in this text as synonyms of the JTAC acronym.


Author(s):  
Rajend Mesthrie ◽  
Vinu Chavda

Abstract This paper has two purposes. Firstly, it provides a bird’s eye view of the characteristics of a variety of Gujarati in diaspora, viz. that spoken in Cape Town, South Africa for almost 150 years. Secondly it focusses on one notable feature, viz. the prominence of retroflexes over dentals, and connects this with other dialects of Gujarati in India and with Western Indo-Aryan. We analyse the speech of 32 speakers born or brought up in South Africa, and resident in Cape Town. We show that Cape Town Gujarati retains the dialect variation of late nineteenth century Gujarati as identified by Grierson, Sir George A. 1908. Linguistic survey of India. Vol IX, part II: Indo-Aryan family, Central Group – Rajasthani and Gujarati. Delhi: Motilal Banarsidass. In particular, it resembles the Surti dialect, in keeping with the fact that the area around Surat district provided the bulk of migrants to Cape Town in the nineteenth and twentieth century. We then focus in detail on a prominent, but little-studied, phenomenon of Gujarati dialects: the variable occurrence of retroflex stops where Standard Gujarati has dentals [t̪ t̪h d̪ d̪h]. We demonstrate the considerable amount of such “retroflex boosting” in the Cape Town variety. We provide a detailed and replicable methodology from variationist sociolinguistics for studying this boosting that we believe illuminates the study of its occurrence in modern dialects in Gujarat.


2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonghwa Kim ◽  
Hyeon Jeong Yoon ◽  
In Cheon You ◽  
Byung Yi Ko ◽  
Kyung Chul Yoon

Abstract Background To compare the clinical characteristics of dry eye patients with ocular neuropathic pain features according to the types of sensitization based on the Ocular Pain Assessment Survey (OPAS). Methods Cross-sectional study of 33 patients with dry eye and ocular neuropathic pain features. All patients had a comprehensive ophthalmic assessment including detailed history, the intensity and duration of ocular pain, the tear film, ocular surface, and Meibomian gland examination, and OPAS. Patients with < 50% improvement in pain intensity after proparacaine challenge test were assigned to the central-dominant sensitization group (central group) and those with ≥50% improvement were assigned to the peripheral-dominant sensitization group (peripheral group). All variables were compared between the two groups. Results No significant differences were observed in age, sex, underlying diseases, history of ocular surgery, duration of ocular pain, tear film, ocular surface and Meibomian gland parameters (all p > 0.05). Ocular pain and non-ocular pain severity and the percentage of time spent thinking about non-ocular pain were significantly higher in the central group than in the peripheral group (all p < 0.05). Central group complained more commonly of a burning sensation than did the peripheral group (p = 0.01). Conclusions Patients with central-dominant sensitization may experience more intense ocular and non-ocular pain than the others and burning sensation may be a key symptom in those patients.


2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonghwa Kim ◽  
Hyeon Jeong Yoon ◽  
In Cheon You ◽  
Byung Yi Ko ◽  
Kyung Chul Yoon

Abstract Background: To compare the clinical characteristics of dry eye patients with ocular neuropathic pain features according to the types of sensitization based on the Ocular Pain Assessment Survey (OPAS).Methods: Cross-sectional study of 33 patients with dry eye and ocular neuropathic pain features. All patients had a comprehensive ophthalmic assessment including detailed history, the intensity and duration of ocular pain, the tear film, ocular surface, and Meibomian gland examination, and OPAS. Patients with <50% improvement in pain intensity after proparacaine challenge test were assigned to the central-dominant sensitization group (central group) and those with ≥50% improvement were assigned to the peripheral-dominant sensitization group (peripheral group). All variables were compared between the two groups.Results: No significant differences were observed in age, sex, underlying diseases, history of ocular surgery, duration of ocular pain, tear film, ocular surface and Meibomian gland parameters (all p>0.05). Ocular pain and non-ocular pain severity and the percentage of time spent thinking about non-ocular pain were significantly higher in the central group than in the peripheral group (all p<0.05). Central group complained more commonly of a burning sensation than did the peripheral group (p=0.01).Conclusions: Patients with central-dominant sensitization may experience more intense ocular and non-ocular pain than the others and burning sensation may be a key symptom in those patients.


Mathematics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (10) ◽  
pp. 1810
Author(s):  
Matjaž Krnc ◽  
Riste Škrekovski

The importance of individuals and groups in networks is modeled by various centrality measures. Additionally, Freeman’s centralization is a way to normalize any given centrality or group centrality measure, which enables us to compare individuals or groups from different networks. In this paper, we focus on degree-based measures of group centrality and centralization. We address the following related questions: For a fixed k, which k-subset S of members of G represents the most central group? Among all possible values of k, which is the one for which the corresponding set S is most central? How can we efficiently compute both k and S? To answer these questions, we relate with the well-studied areas of domination and set covers. Using this, we first observe that determining S from the first question is NP-hard. Then, we describe a greedy approximation algorithm which computes centrality values over all group sizes k from 1 to n in linear time, and achieve a group degree centrality value of at least (1−1/e)(w*−k), compared to the optimal value of w*. To achieve fast running time, we design a special data structure based on the related directed graph, which we believe is of independent interest.


2020 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana I. Neto ◽  
Manuela I. Parente ◽  
Andrea Z. Botelho ◽  
Afonso C. L. Prestes ◽  
Roberto Resendes ◽  
...  

The macroalgal flora of Graciosa (central group of Azores archipelago) is poorly known, with only 116 species recorded so far (authors personal data). The published information reflects occasional collections from sporadic field visits to the Island. To overcome this, a thorough investigation under the Expedition “GRACIOSA/2004”, the Campaigns “PADEL/2006”, “MACROBIOLMOL/2014” and “PIMA-BALA/2017” involving sample collecting and presence data recording, was undertaken over an area of 19 km2 encompassing littoral and sublittoral levels down to about 40 m around the Island. This paper lists the taxonomic records and provides information on species ecology and occurrence around the Island improving the knowledge of the Azorean macroalgal flora at both local and regional scales. A total of 1692 specimens belonging to 250 taxa of macroalgae (and including 55 taxa identified only at the genus level) are registered, comprising 166 Rhodophyta, 36 Chlorophyta and 48 Ochrophyta (Phaeophyceae). From these, 195 are identified to the species level (126 Rhodophyta, 31 Chlorophyta and 38 Ochrophyta) and comprise 156 native, 20 of uncertain origin and 14 introductions to the Island. Predaea feldmannii subsp. azorica Gabriel is an Azorean endemic, whereas Codium elisabethiae O.C. Schmidt, Botryocladia macaronesica Afonso-Carrillo, Sobrino, Tittley &amp; Neto, Phyllophora gelidioides P.Crouan &amp; H.Crouan ex Karsakoff and Laurencia viridis Gil-Rodríguez &amp; Haroun represent Macaronesian endemics. Seventy-nine species are newly recorded to the algal flora of the Island.


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