PENDEKATAN PARSIAL-SIMULTAN DAN ANALISIS INDUKTIF: Metode Efektif Penelusuran dan Pemahaman Hadis Prasangka

<p class="06IsiAbstrak"><span lang="EN-GB">Tulisan ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan dan menganalisis penelusuran hadis dalam membuktikan keotentikan hadis-hadis prasangka riwayat Abu Hurairah yang di-takhrij al-Bukhari melalui pendekatan parsial dan simultan, dan menganalisis <em>fiqhul hadits</em>-nya. Pendekatan parsial yang dipakai dalam menguji keotentikan hadis prasangka dilakukan dengan cara menguji ke-<em>tsiqah</em>-an para periwayat, menguji persambungan sanad, dan menguji matan hadis. Sedang pendekatan simultan dilakukan dengan cara menelusuri, menganalisis, dan menyimpulkan peran hadis <em>tawabi’</em> dan <em>shawahid</em>. Hadis prasangka riwayat Abu Hurairah yang di-takhrij al-Bukhari merupakan hadis yang berkualitas <em>sahih lidhatih</em>. Disamping itu, hadis ini juga adalah hadis <em>masyhur</em> berdasarkan penelitian <em>tawabi’</em> dan <em>syawahid</em>-nya. Hadis ini juga memberikan pemahaman pada umat Islam agar menghindari prasangka buruk. Prasangka merupakan perkataan yang paling dusta. Prasangka buruk akan melahirkan ketidakpercayaan, apologetik, klaim kebenaran (truth claim), pelabelaan negatif, dan diskriminasi. Semua itu umumnya berujung pada konflik, tindak kekerasan, dan pertumpahan darah, bukan perdamaian, keharmonisan dan persaudaraan. Pemahaman ini diperoleh dengan cara analisis induktif.</span></p><p class="06IsiAbstrak">[<strong><span lang="EN-GB">Partial-Simultan Approach and Inductive Analysis: An Effective Method of Searching and Understanding Prejudicial Hadith</span></strong><span lang="EN-GB">. This paper aims to describe and analyze the tracing of the hadiths in proving the authenticity of Abu Hurairah's prejudiced hadiths that were taken by al Bukhari through partial and simultaneous approaches, and to analyze his fiqhul hadith. The partial approach used in testing the authenticity of prejudiced hadith is carried out by examining the authenticity of the narrators, examining the continuity of the sanad, and examining the obedience of the hadith. Meanwhile, the simultaneous approach is carried out by tracing, analyzing, and concluding the role of tawabi 'and shawahid hadiths. The prejudiced hadith narrated by Abu Hurairah which was takhrij al Bukhari are hadiths that has a quality <em>sahih lidhatih</em>. Besides that, this hadith is also a famous hadith based on the research of the <em>tawabi</em> 'and his <em>syawahid</em>. The hadith also gave an understanding to Muslims in order to avoid prejudice. Prejudice is the most lying word. Bad prejudice will give birth to distrust, apologetics, truth claims, negative labeling, and discrimination. All of this generally leads to conflict, violence and bloodshed, not peace, harmony and brotherhood. This understanding is obtained by means of inductive analysis.</span>]</p>

Mandatory partner rotation, audit timeliness and audit pricing

Purpose The purpose of this study is to provide further evidence on the ongoing debate on the costs and benefits of mandatory audit partner rotation (MPR). Specifically, this study examines how MPR simultaneously affects audit reporting lag (ARL) and audit fees (AFs). Design/methodology/approach A simultaneous approach was adopted to further shed light on the findings currently documented by this line of research. Findings Using Australian data, it was found that MPRs increase AFs but do not affect ARL simultaneously in the year of MPRs. It was also found that the departing audit partners do not charge higher fees or delay the completion of the audits in the final year before their departure and that neither AFs nor ARL changes significantly for the second round of MPRs. Originality/value To the best of the authors’ knowledge, no prior study on MPR has examined the issue using a simultaneous approach although failure to consider the simultaneous effect of interrelated variables may lead to estimation biases and problems of parameter identification. The results herein provide further evidence that the clients do not bear both costs of paying higher AFs and having the delayed audits and that the costs associated with MPRs do not occur earlier and the costs associated with MPRs may dissipate over time.

Eu (III), Tb (III) activated/ co-activated K2NaAlF6 host array: Simultaneous approach for improving photovoltaic efficiency and tricolour emission

Rare earth activated fluoride phosphors have attention in recent years in the field of solid state lighting and solar cell efficiency enhancement. In the present study, RE (RE = Eu3+,...

ANALISIS KRITIS HADITS TENTANG SIFAT MUKMIN DENGAN PENDEKATAN SIMULTAN DAN PERSPEKTIF MULTIKULTURAL

This article is aimed at finding out and understanding the quality and the meaning of hadith with a simultaneous approach. This research raises the questions on what the hadith research method with a simultaneous approach is? and what the quality of the hadith about "two traits which are not present in a true believer, namely stingy and bad manner" in simultaneous research is? The Abu Sa'id Al-Khudri’s hadith narrated by Al-Bukhari in the da'if al-isnad by Muhammad Nasiruddin Al-Bani with the quality of da'if al-isnad. In the hadith there are 5 narrators, namely: Muslim, Abu Maghirah al-Salami, Malik bin Dinar, Abdullah bin Ghalib al-Khadari, and Abi Sa'id al-Khudri. Data about the hadith and the quality of the narrators is collected through a documentation method. The data is then analyzed using the content analysis method. In its partial analysis, it was found that: 1. Of all five narrators in the hadith there is only one, namely Abu Said al-Khudri with the quality of thiqah. 2. The sanad is included in the chapter mu'an'an leading to the so-called inqita’ul sanad. 3. The hadits matan was apparently not shad, for not being opposed to the naqli arguments, both the Qur'an and the hadits traditions of a higher quality of sanad. 4. Hadits matan is also not related to the illat, for not being opposed to the aqli arguments such as reason, common sense, history, and science. Thus the Abi Sa'id al-Khudri's hadith concluded by al-Bukhari is a qualified da'if fil isnad in partial research. 5. Based on the hadith tabi’ tsiqah, it is very rarely found that its quality is sahih al isnad because there were some not considered thiqah. So from the four hadits, its tabi' is not able to improve the quality of the mutaba’ hadith, namely the Abu Sa'id Al-Khudri's hadits narrated by Al-Bukhari. Thus it means that the tabi' hadits has not to do with the quality of the mutaba hadits, namely: da'if al-isnad. 6. Because it has 4 shahid hadits of good quality. So based on the research of the hadith on other multi sanad (syawahid), the quality of the hadith is regarded sahih li ghayrihi.Keywords: Hadits research, simultaneous approach

Parameter and State Estimation of One-Dimensional Infiltration Processes: A Simultaneous Approach

The Richards equation plays an important role in the study of agro-hydrological systems. It models the water movement in soil in the vadose zone, which is driven by capillary and gravitational forces. Its states (capillary potential) and parameters (hydraulic conductivity, saturated and residual soil moistures and van Genuchten-Mualem parameters) are essential for the accuracy of mathematical modeling, yet difficult to obtain experimentally. In this work, an estimation approach is developed to estimate the parameters and states of Richards equation simultaneously. In the proposed approach, parameter identifiability and sensitivity analysis are used to determine the most important parameters for estimation purpose. Three common estimation schemes (extended Kalman filter, ensemble Kalman filter and moving horizon estimation) are investigated. The estimation performance is compared and analyzed based on extensive simulations.