histological studies
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2028 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 253-256
Author(s):  
Atanu FO ◽  
◽  
Momoh S ◽  
Ugwu CE ◽  
Ameh O ◽  
...  

This work investigates the ability of Morinda lucida and co-administration of Morinda lucida/metformin in the control of biochemical and histological changes in alloxan-induced diabetic rats. Alloxan diabetic rats were treated with 200 mg/Kg body weight of Morinda lucida leaves extract, 1 mg/Kg BW of metformin or a combination of the two treatments for 28 days. Results of the studies revealed that Morinda lucida leaves extract significantly improved lipid profile and kidney function in diabetic rats. These positive outcomes were enhanced by combined treated with Morinda lucida leaves extract and metformin. Furthermore, the calculated atherogenic index of treated animals were close to those of normal rats as opposed to diabetic rats. Similarly, histological studies showed that Morinda lucida leaves extract and metformin administered together or singly, ameliorated damages in pancreas and kidneys from alloxan diabetic rats. It can therefore be inferred that combined treatment with Morinda lucida leaves extract and merformin could improve the potency of Morinda lucida leaves used in the management of diabetic complications


2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 83-91
Author(s):  
hassan mesbah ◽  
Abd El-Salam Nassar ◽  
Medhat El-Sheikh

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 85-96
Author(s):  
K.K. Kadhim ◽  
N.S. Al-Samarrae ◽  
J.Y. Al-Fayas

 The thyroid gland of Moorhen has two separated lobes. These lobes were located in the throracic inlet and receive blood supply from the cranial, middle and caudal thyroid arteries. The histological organization of the thyroid gland in Moorhen is surrounded by a distinct connective tissue capsule and the parenchymal cells were arranged into colloid filled follicles enmeshed in the highly vascular interstitial connective tissue. The bilaterally paired, round to oval, parathyroid glands in Moorhen were located intrathoracically near or close to the caudal pole of the thyroid glands. They receive blood by short branches from caudal thyroid artery and small branch from the common carotid artery. The parathyroid glands in Moorhen have a thin connective tissue capsule. Its parenchymal cells were arranged into an irregular, anastomosing cords of chief cells. No oxyphil cells were found in the parathyroid glands of Moorhen.


Author(s):  
Rema L.P. ◽  
Liji C. B.

The study was aimed to investigate the hepato-protective effect of Moringa oleifera in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) exposed to acetaminophen. Fishes exposed to sub-lethal concentration of acetaminophen for 96 hours, were fed on feed incorporated with moringa leaf, for 21 days. Histological studies of liver of fish fed with M. oleifera leaf incorporated feed , for 21 days after 96-hour acetaminophen exposure showed significant reparative changes when compared to the control. The experiment indicate that dietary supplementation of moringa leaf had hepatoprotective effect in Nile tilapia exposed to acetaminophen.


Author(s):  
L. Pugalendhi ◽  
S. Bharathi ◽  
N. A. Tamil Selvi ◽  
H. Usha Nandhini Devi

A study was carried out at the Department of Vegetable Science, Horticultural College and Research Institute, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu,India during 2019-2020 to assess the anatomical and histological changes within the graft union of tomato and identify compatible rootstocks for improved propagation of the crop. This experiment involved rootstocks of three wild tomatoes including Solanum torvum, S. sisymbrifolium and S. capsicoides and scions of two tomato hybrids including TNAU tomato hybrid CO3 and Shivam. The grafting was done using the cleft grafting method. The anatomical and histological sections of six graft combinations and two tomato scion samples were viewed microscopically at 7, 14 and 21 days after grafting (DAG). Among the six tomato graft combinations, S. torvum rootstock showed complete development of vascular connection at 21 DAG followed by S. sisymbrifolium rootstock, whereas S. capsicoides rootstock showed only callus growth at 14 DAG. Scion growth dominated the rootstock growth in S. torvum rootstock leading to mismatch of scion-rootstock stem thickness and delayed epinasty symptom at the later stages of plant growth. Of the rootstocks of the three species studied, S. sisymbrifolium rootstock was compatible for tomato grafting though it exhibited delayed vascular connection between the scion and rootstock.


Author(s):  
Adejuwon A. Adeneye ◽  
Olufunke E. Olorundare ◽  
Akinyele O. Akinsola ◽  
Daniel A. Sanni ◽  
James M. Ntambi ◽  
...  

Background and Purpose: Hepatorenal toxicity is a side effect of the anthracycline cytotoxic antibiotics, doxorubicin that is used in cancer treatment. The study investigated the ameliorative potential of Clerodendrum volubile ethanol leaf extract (CVE) on doxorubicin (DOX)-induced hepatorenal toxicities. Methods: Male Wistar rats were pretreated with Clerodendrum volubile ethanol leaf extract (50 - 400 mg/kg/day, p.o) followed by intraperitoneal injection of 2.5 mg/kg of DOX on alternate days for 14 days. Hepatorenal toxicity was assessed using renal function parameters (serum electrolytes, blood urea and creatinine), hepatic function endpoints [aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP), total protein (TP), albumin (ALB) and total bilirubin (TB)]. In addition, the antioxidant activity in the kidney and liver tissues were assayed and histological studies of these tissues were also conducted. Results: Oral pretreatment with 50 mg/kg/day, 100 mg/kg/day, 200 mg/kg/day and 400 mg/kg/day of CVE remarkably ameliorated DOX-induced liver and kidney injury by lowering the serum ALT, AST, ALP, Cr and BUN levels. CVE pretreatment remarkably ameliorated DOX-induced increases in the CAT, SOD and GPx activities and MDA levels compared to the DOX-treated rats. The biochemical changes were corroborated by improvements in the DOX-induced histological lesions seen in the hepatic and renal tissues examined. Conclusions: Overall, these findings suggest that Clerodendrum volubile ethanol leaf extract elicits protective effect against DOX-induced hepatorenal toxicities mediated primarily via oxidative stress suppression and improvement in the free radicals scavenging activities of CVE.


2021 ◽  
Vol 210 (07) ◽  
pp. 47-54
Author(s):  
A. Barkova ◽  
Ayub Aliev ◽  
Ekaterina Eroshenko ◽  
Il'ya Sychev

Abstract. The purpose is to analyze the prevalence of obstetric and gynecological pathologies in a large dairy goat enterprise. Method. Analysis of data from veterinary registers of the enterprise, as well as histological examination of fetal membranes and determination of the biophysical profile of newborn goats were carried out. Results. The results obtained showed different distribution of obstetric and gynecological diseases among the Alpine goats in the conditions of a large industrial enterprise during the year. The results obtained showed that the general level of obstetric-gynecological diseases of goats by months of the year made up from 2.7 % to 100 % of the number of calves taken place with the most favourable conditions for obstetric-gynecological pathologies being June, July and September – 7.8 %, 4.1 % and 2.7 % respectively. A significant increase in the proportion of stillborn goats from their total number to 26.8 % and 26.3 % was observed in August and November, respectively. In winter and late autumn, there is a marked increase in retention of placenta, up to 8–10 %. In late spring and summer there is a seasonal decrease. The average number of goats in calving at this farm is 1.8 ± 0.43 goats with fluctuations by months of the year from 1.4 in January to 2.9 in August. The conducted histological and fetal membrane studies and determination of the biophysical profile of goats' calves showed a wide spread of fetoplacental insufficiency and changes in the placenta structure in the Alpine breed goats in the conditions of a large enterprise. Scientific novelty. The analysis of spread of obstetric-gynecological diseases of the Alpine breed goats in the conditions of the big enterprise has been carried out; the wide spread of fet-placental insufficiency among the uterine population has been confirmed by histological studies and the estimation of the biophysical profile of newborn baby goats.


Pathogens ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 977
Author(s):  
Corina Nave ◽  
Juliette Schwan ◽  
Sabine Werres ◽  
Janett Riebesehl

Alder dieback remains a major problem in European alder stands and its spread continues to threaten their existence. The causal agent of this disease is the so-called alder Phytophthora species complex, which includes the hybrid Phytophthora ×alni and its parental species P. uniformis and P. ×multiformis. Little is known about the survival of these Phytophthora species in alder. The aim of our investigations was to find out whether, and if so where, the pathogen survives. The subject of these studies was alder roots. Therefore, artificial infection studies and histological studies with P. ×alni and P. uniformis were carried out on seedlings of black alder (Alnus glutinosa). These histological studies revealed oogonia and oospores of P. ×alni and P. uniformis in different parts of the root tissue.


PeerJ ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. e11890
Author(s):  
Carlos Mauricio Peredo ◽  
Nicholas D. Pyenson

Living baleen whales (mysticetes) are bulk filter feeders that use keratinous baleen plates to filter food from prey laden water. Extant mysticetes are born entirely edentulous, though they possess tooth buds early in ontogeny, a trait inherited from toothed ancestors. The mandibles of extant baleen whales have neither teeth nor baleen; teeth are resorbed in utero and baleen grows only on the palate. The mandibles of extant baleen whales also preserve a series of foramina and associated sulci that collectively form an elongated trough, called the alveolar groove. Despite this name, it remains unclear if the alveolar groove of edentulous mysticetes and the dental structures of toothed mammals are homologous. Here, we describe and quantify the anatomical diversity of these structures across extant mysticetes and compare their variable morphologies across living taxonomic groups (i.e., Balaenidae, Neobalaenidae, Eschrichtiidae, and Balaenopteridae). Although we found broad variability across taxonomic groups for the alveolar groove length, occupying approximately 60–80 percent of the mandible’s total curvilinear length (CLL) across all taxa, the relictual alveolar foramen showed distinct patterns, ranging between 15–25% CLL in balaenids, while ranging between 3–12% CLL in balaenopterids. This variability and the morphological patterning along the body of the mandible is consistent with the hypothesis that the foramina underlying the alveolar groove reflect relictual alveoli. These findings also lay the groundwork for future histological studies to examine the contents of these foramina and clarify their potential role in the feeding process.


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