Associations of Exercise Habits in Adolescence and Old Age with Risk of Osteoporosis in Older Adults: The Bunkyo Health Study

We investigated effects of exercise habits (EHs) in adolescence and old age on osteoporosis prevalence and hip joint and lumbar spine bone mineral density (BMD). Body composition and BMD in 1596 people aged 65–84 years living in Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, were measured using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. We divided participants into four groups by a combination of EHs in adolescence and old age: none in either period (None-None), only in adolescence (Active-None), only in old age (None-Active), and in both periods (Active-Active). Logistic regression models were employed to estimate multivariable-adjusted odds ratios (ORs) for osteoporosis determined by T-score (less than −2.5 SD) using the None-None reference group. In men, the combination of EHs in adolescence and old age was not associated with osteoporosis prevalence. However, the lumbar spine’s BMD was significantly higher in the Active-Active than the None-Active group (p = 0.043). In women, the Active-Active group had lower lumbar spine osteoporosis prevalence than the None-None group (OR 0.65; 95% CI, 0.42–1.00, p = 0.049). Furthermore, hip BMD was significantly higher in the Active-Active group than in the other three groups (p = 0.001). Older women with EHs in adolescence and old age had higher lumbar BMD and lower risk of osteoporosis.

Osteoporosis Prevalence and Correlates in Uncomplicated Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) is a common metabolic disorder at a pandemic proportion at present. Often T2DM is associated with microvascular (diabetic nephropathy, neuropathy, and retinopathy) and macrovascular complications (coronary artery disease, peripheral arterial disease, and stroke). Additionally diabetic osteopathy is a significant comorbidity of T2DM and is characterized by micro architectural changes that decrease bone quality leading to an increased risk of fragility fracture.

Influence of Residence Area and Basic Livelihood Conditions on the Prevalence and Diagnosis Experience of Osteoporosis in Postmenopausal Women Aged over 50 Years: Evaluation Using Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey Data

Patients with osteoporosis are asymptomatic and are at risk for fractures. Therefore, early detection and interventions are important. We found that a population with a low socioeconomic status living in rural areas was reported to have a high osteoporosis prevalence but a relatively low diagnosis rate. Research on the disparity of osteoporosis prevalence and treatment from the socioeconomic perspective was conducted. This study aimed to investigate the influence of residence area and basic livelihood conditions on osteoporosis prevalence and diagnosis in postmenopausal women aged over 50 years. The cross-sectional data of 1477 postmenopausal women aged over 50 years obtained from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey V-2 were analyzed. Univariate analyses were performed to calculate the prevalence and diagnosis rate according to risk factor categories. A multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed to identify the influence of residence area and basic livelihood conditions after controlling for other factors. The osteoporosis prevalence in basic livelihood beneficiaries (53.7%) and rural area residents (41.9%) was higher than that in non-beneficiaries (33.1%) and urban area residents (31.8%). There was no significant difference in the diagnosis rates in relation to the basic livelihood conditions or residence areas. The adjusted odds ratio for the prevalence among the beneficiaries living in rural areas was 2.08 (95% confidence interval: 1.06–4.10). However, the odds ratio for diagnosis was not significantly different. Earlier screening examination policies for osteoporosis in postmenopausal women with a low socioeconomic status living in rural areas are needed.

The Trend in the Sales of Menopausal Hormone and Other Osteoporosis Medications in South Korea from 2016 to 2019

Background: Increasing geriatric population, osteoporosis prevalence, and interest in bone health are key contributing factors for the growth of osteoporosis medication markets. Thus, this study evaluated changes in the menopausal hormone and other osteoporosis medication markets from 2016 to 2019.Methods: This study’s dataset was obtained from the International Marketing Services of IQVIA Inc. in South Korea. The sales of medications for osteoporosis treatment with menopausal hormones were evaluated for drug sales for osteoporosis treatment from 2016 to 2019.Results: The results showed that the tissue-selective estrogen complex (TSEC) sales had increased annually while the estrogen-progesterone therapy (EPT) sales had decreased. Excluding menopausal hormones, bisphosphonates were the most widely sold medications for osteoporosis treatment. Among the bisphosphonate medications, sales of ibandronate and zoledronate increased annually, while alendronate and risedronate decreased. Teriparatide also showed increasing sales. A rapid rise was noted in the sales of denosumab.Conclusions: While the sales of TSEC, injectable bisphosphonates, and denosumab have increased annually, the sales of EPT, estrogen therapy, oral bisphosphonates have not increased, as reflected in hormone therapy and osteoporosis medication market trends. This study showed the recent trends in hormone therapy and the osteoporosis medication market from 2016 to 2019 in South Korea.

Prevalence of osteoporosis in India: an observation of 31238 adults

<p><strong>Background</strong>: Aim of the study was to determine the prevalence of bone loss (both osteopenia and osteoporosis) at national and regional levels in India.</p><p><strong>Methods</strong>: In this retrospective study, data obtained from in-clinic screening camps conducted for bone loss was analysed. Participants were apparently healthy adults (aged 18 years and above) evaluated for bone mineral density (BMD) using calcaneal quantitative ultrasound (QUS) of left foot. Based on t score of BMD obtained, participants were labelled as normal (T-score &lt;-1 SD), osteopenia (t score-1 to -2.5 SD) and osteoporosis (t score &lt;-2.5 SD).</p><p><strong>Results</strong>: In total, data of 31238 participants was analysed retrospectively. Mean age was 47.8±14.2 years and 47.6% were females. Among females, 38.8% were postmenopausal women (age &gt;50 years). Overall prevalence of osteopenia and osteoporosis was 49.9 and 18.3% respectively. Across East, West, North and South India, the prevalence of osteopenia was 51.3, 47.9, 55.6 and 47.4% respectively whereas prevalence of osteoporosis was 18.4, 16.3, 16.4 and 20.7% respectively. Prevalence of osteoporosis was slightly higher in females than males (19.4 vs 17.3%). Among postmenopausal women, overall osteoporosis prevalence was 33.1% and ranged from 16.9% in North region to 21.8% South region. Prevalence of osteoporosis (37.0 vs 12.5%) was higher in elderly (≥60 years) than adults (&lt;60 years).</p><p><strong>Conclusions</strong>: Among adults, nearly one out of two have osteopenia and one out of five have osteoporosis. Osteoporosis prevalence was higher in the women and in the elderly. Nearly one out of three women in postmenopausal age group have osteoporosis. There is no substantial difference across the four regions of the country. Considering the significant prevalence of low BMD, there is need to increase the awareness about bone health in general population.</p><p> </p><p> </p>

PHILEOS (haemoPHILia and ostEoporOSis) Study: protocol of a multicentre prospective case–control study

IntroductionTwo meta-analyses showed lower bone mineral density (BMD) in patients with haemophilia (haemophilia type and severity were often not specified) compared with healthy controls. This finding could be related to reduced mobility and sedentary lifestyle, and/or hepatitis C or HIV infection. The aim of this study is to determine osteoporosis prevalence in patients with haemophilia classified in function of the disease type (A or B) and severity, and to evaluate the potential role of regular prophylactic factor replacement (early vs delayed initiation) in preserving or restoring BMD.Methods and analysisThe haemoPHILia and ostEoporOSis Study is a prospective, controlled, multicentre study that will include patients in France (13 haemophilia treatment centres), Belgium (1 centre) and Romania (1 centre). In total, 240 patients with haemophilia and 240 matched healthy controls will be recruited (1:1). The primary objective is to determine osteoporosis prevalence in patients with severe haemophilia A and B (HA and HB) without prophylaxis, compared with healthy controls. Secondary outcomes include: prevalence of osteoporosis and osteopenia in patients with mild, moderate and severe HA or HB with prophylaxis (grouped in function of their age at prophylaxis initiation), compared with healthy subjects; BMD in patients with HA and HB of comparable severity; correlation between BMD and basal factor VIII/IX levels and thrombin potential; and quantification of plasmatic markers of bone remodelling (formation and resorption) in patients with haemophilia.Ethics and disseminationThe protocol was approved by the French Ethics Committee and by the French National Agency for Medicines and Health Products Safety (number: 2019-A03358-49). The results of this study will be actively disseminated through scientific publications and conference presentations.Trial registration numberNCT04384341.

Assesment of osteoporotic fractures risk and osteoporosis prevalence among patients over 50 years old undergoing medical rehabilitation

Background. Back pain, limitation of mobility, spinal deformity, decreased ability to self-care due to osteoporotic fractures (vertebrae, femoral neck, humerus, etc.) are one of the reasons for referring patients to rehabilitation and rehabilitation treatment, which involves the use of physical therapy methods, physiotherapy exercises and mechanotherapy. Objective: to assess the prevalence of osteoporosis (OP), individual risk factors for OP, as well as the proportion of people with high risk of osteoporotic low-energy fractures among patients over 50 years old undergoing treatment according to the medical rehabilitation profile. Methods. The study group comprised of 600 patients (426 women and 174 men) aged 50 to 84 years, average age 64.2510.17 years, undergoing treatment in a rehabilitation department. This was a cross-sectional study in the form of unified questionnaire, including data conserning age, weight, height, BMI, clinical and rehabilitation diagnosis, anamnesis of the main disease, anamnesis vitae, presence of OP diagnosis in the anamnesis, its treatment, OP risk factors estimation. An assessment of 10-year probability of osteoporotic fractures was carried out using Russian model of online FRAX calculator. Results. 41.8% patients in the study sample had OP risk factors, including 31.2% ― 3 risk factors or more. 38% patients over 50 years old undergoing medical rehabilitation showed a high fracture risk according to the FRAX calculator. 34.1% had a diagnosis of OP stated, and 45.8% already had osteoporotic fractures. Among those who did not undergo densitometry examination, 69.9% had a history of low-traumatic fractures, and only 58.5% of patients with an established diagnosis of OP and 26.8% of those at high risk of fractures received effective therapy for OP. Conclusion. Among patients over 50 years old undergoing medical rehabilitation a high frequency of OP and high fracture risk were stated. At the same time, insufficient quality of OP diagnostics and anti-osteoporotic therapy administaration were revealed.