The Causal Relation between Revenue and Expenditure of Bangladesh

Bangladesh is a developing country that has been experiencing budget deficits since its independence in 1971. It means the government spending has been exceeding the government revenue. This phenomenon calls for a study of government spending or expenditure and government revenue. This study tries to establish a causal relation between expenditure and revenue of governments of Bangladesh. To accomplish this, this study uses the Vector Autoregressive (VAR) model and the Granger Causality model on the data for the financial year from 1993-1994 to 2017-2018. The study reveals that in the context of Bangladesh, total revenue affects total expenditure, whereas total expenditure does not affect total revenue.

The Impact of Different Internet Application Contexts on Knowledge Transfer between Enterprises

This paper investigates the effect of different Internet application scenarios on the forward and reverse knowledge transfer between architecture enterprises and component enterprises in the context of modular production in manufacturing enterprises. After dividing the Internet contexts into three the perspectives of Internet tools, Internet platforms, and Internet resources, this paper adopts a system dynamics approach to construct a causality model and a system flow diagram of the influence of different Internet contexts on the knowledge transfer between architecture enterprises and component enterprises, and uses Vensim PLE software to simulate and conduct a sensitivity analysis of the model. The results show that the three Internet contexts, namely Internet tools, Internet platforms, and Internet resources, can promote both positive and negative knowledge transfer between architecture enterprises and component enterprises, and exhibit a steadily growing trend of promotion; Internet tools and Internet resources are more conducive to positive knowledge transfer from architecture enterprises to component enterprises, and Internet platforms have a stronger facilitation effect on the reverse knowledge transfer from the component enterprises to the architecture enterprises. Our research offers useful recommendations for businesses on how to utilize various Internet settings to promote and assist effective knowledge transfer.

An Experiment to Design an Operation and Maintenance System Integrating Apriori Association Rules for a Telecom Platform

The operation and maintenance management of telecom platforms puts more emphasis on operation and alarm monitoring and less on business flow, and it is difficult to have a seamless connection between operation and maintenance and sales. To improve the cooperative efficiency and the informatization level of telecom platform operation and maintenance, a new operation and maintenance system integrating Apriori association rules for a telecom platform is proposed. In this paper, the Apriori algorithm is firstly used to analyse the fault correlation of the operation and maintenance system of the telecommunications platform to get the alarm message. Then, the fault risk of the operation and maintenance platform is evaluated intelligently by the system-business alarm causality model. Finally, based on the fixed end and the mobile end, the dynamic presentation of the system running state and alarm monitoring, device query and positioning, and online and offline inspection are implemented and designed, respectively. Experimental results show that the proposed operation and maintenance systems integrating Apriori association rules for the telecom platform innovate the cooperative mode between the operations and sales team, and the average time reduces to 3.9 minutes from 4.7 minutes and the risk forecasting accuracy increases from 8% to 26%. The assumed method can significantly improve the operational efficiency and intelligent level of the telecom platform’s system and business.

How to improve the university library intelligent knowledge service: A system dynamics model

Based on the theory of system dynamics, this article analyses the system composition of a university library intelligent knowledge service (IKS) and its relevant functions. First, we designed a system dynamics model involved the steps and flow of system modelling, the analysis and frame diagram, the system boundaries and their settings, and the system causality model. Furthermore, the system simulation of the IKS is carried out with result analysis, validity test and application analysis. The system simulation results show that (1) the model can simulate the system operation processes of a university library IKS, (2) the model reveals the relationships and the operation trends among the elements of the IKS and (3) the effective implementation of a library IKS can be improved by following the essential law of service development, paying attention to the coordination and interaction among constituent elements, and influencing measures around key variables.

The relationship between personal intrinsic factors towards a design problem and the degree of novelty and circularity

The aim of this work is to determine how personal intrinsic factors towards a design problem are related to novelty and circularity. A deeper understanding of this relationship will be a valuable aid when it comes to making an adequate selection of design teams. The factors studied are the level of the designer's motivation, relevance, knowledge and affinity with regard to the design problem. To this end, a study was conducted with 35 novice designers, organised in groups of between two and five members. Each group had to propose a conceptual solution to two different design problems. Novelty was assessed using the SAPPhIRE causality model (which stands for State–Action–Part–Phenomenon–Input–oRgan–Effect) and the Circular Economy Toolkit was applied to measure circularity. The results show that as motivation, level of knowledge, perception of relevance and affinity for the problem increase, the solution displays greater novelty and less circularity, although for circularity, the difference is not statistically significant.

Dynamic Analysis Method for Fault Propagation Behaviour of Machining Centres

Fault propagation behaviour analysis is the basis of fault diagnosis and health maintenance. Traditional fault propagation studies are mostly based on a priori knowledge of a causality model combined with rule-based reasoning, disregarding the limitations of experience and the dynamic characteristics of the system that cause deviations in the identification of critical fault sources. Thus, this paper proposes a dynamic analysis method for fault propagation behaviour of machining centres that combines fault propagation mechanisms with model structure characteristics. This paper uses the design structure matrix (DSM) to establish the fault propagation hierarchy structure model. Considering the correlation of fault time, the fault probability function of a component is obtained and the fault influence degree of nodes are calculated. By introducing the Copula and Coupling degree functions, the fault influence degree of the edges between the same level and different levels are calculated, respectively. This paper constructs a fault propagation intensity model by integrating the edge betweenness and uses it as an index to analyze real-time fault propagation behaviour. Finally, a certain type of machining centre is taken as an example for specific application. This study can provide as a reference for the fault maintenance and reliability growth of a machining centre.