bax gene
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2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmed Abdul Kareem Najm ◽  
Ahmad Azfaralariff ◽  
Herryawan Ryadi Eziwar Dyari ◽  
Babul Airianah Othman ◽  
Muhammad Shahid ◽  
...  

AbstractPrevious study has shown the antimicrobial activities of mucus protein extracted from Anabastestudineus. In this study, we are interested in characterizing the anticancer activity of the A.testudineus antimicrobial peptides (AMPs). The mucus was extracted, fractioned, and subjected to antibacterial activity testing to confirm the fish's AMPs production. The cytotoxic activity of each fraction was also identified. Fraction 2 (F2), which shows toxicity against MCF7 and MDA-MB-231 were sent for peptide sequencing to identify the bioactive peptide. The two peptides were then synthetically produced and subjected to cytotoxic assay to prove their efficacy against cancer cell lines. The IC50 for AtMP1 against MCF7 and MDA-MB-231 were 8.25 ± 0.14 μg/ml and 9.35 ± 0.25 μg/ml respectively, while for AtMP2 it is 5.89 ± 0.14 μg/ml and 6.97 ± 0.24 μg/ml respectively. AtMP1 and AtMP2 treatment for 48 h induced breast cancer cell cycle arrest and apoptosis by upregulating the p53, which lead to upregulate pro-apoptotic BAX gene and downregulate the anti-apoptotic BCL-2 gene, consequently, trigger the activation of the caspase-3. This interaction was supported by docking analysis (QuickDBD, HPEPDOCK, and ZDOCK) and immunoprecipitation. This study provided new prospects in the development of highly effective and selective cancer therapeutics based on antimicrobial peptides.


Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (23) ◽  
pp. 7215
Author(s):  
Oana-Maria Boldura ◽  
Simona Marc ◽  
Gabriel Otava ◽  
Ioan Hutu ◽  
Cornel Balta ◽  
...  

The beneficial effect of antioxidant supplementation in maturation culture media of sow oocytes was evaluated by the expression quantification of apoptotic genes and the genes that ensure stability of germ cells during fertilization. The oocytes were cultivated for 44 h in conventional medium (C) or in medium supplemented with 105 µM rosmarinic acid (R) and 0.5 mM ascorbic acid (A) and classified into three quality classes by morphological observation from which the total RNA was isolated. The gene expression of Ptx3 and the apoptotic regulator p53, Bax and BCL-2 were evaluated by quantitative PCR technique. The decreased expression of the Bax gene in the A and R groups, compared to the control, indicates a protective role of antioxidants in the cells. Cell homeostasis was maintained, as reflected in the ratio of Bax/Bcl-2 in class I COCs (cumulus-oocyte complex) regardless of the experimental group, indicating minimum cellular stress. The expression of p53 genes was higher in all class III COC, but in A1 and R1 the expression was lower than in C1, and a similar Ptx-3 gene decreased significantly in groups A1, A2, A3 and R1 compared with control groups. Antioxidant supplementation showed beneficial effects on all morphological classes of pig COCs.


2021 ◽  
pp. 172460082110575
Author(s):  
Ligia C.A. Cardoso-Duarte ◽  
Caroline F. Fratelli ◽  
Alexandre S.R. Pereira ◽  
Jéssica Nayane Gomes de Souza ◽  
Renata de Souza Freitas ◽  
...  

Introduction Papillary thyroid cancer corresponds to approximately 1% of all carcinomas; nevertheless, it is the most prevalent endocrine neoplasm in the world. Studies reveal that the BAX (−248 G > A) polymorphism may be associated with negative regulation of BAX gene transcription activity, causing a decrease in its protein expression. Objective The present study aimed to describe the genotype and allele frequencies of BAX single nucleotide polymorphisms (−248 G > A) (rs4645878) in the research patients, and to associate its presence with susceptibility to papillary thyroid cancer. Methods This case-control study was conducted with 30 patients with papillary thyroid cancer. For the evaluation of genetic polymorphisms, the polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism technique was employed. Allele and genotype frequencies were estimated using the SPSS program, and significant associations were considered when p < 0.05. Results There was a significant genotypic difference between papillary thyroid cancer and the control group (p = 0.042). The GG genotype provided a protective factor for papillary thyroid cancer (p = 0.012, odds ratio (OR) = 0.313; confidence interval (CI) = 0.123–0.794). Likewise the G allele was a protective factor for papillary thyroid cancer (p = 0.009; OR = 0.360; CI = 0.163–0.793). The BAX gene polymorphism (−248 G > A) was associated with papillary thyroid cancer. Conclusion BAX (−248 G > A) GG genotype carriers, or at least one mutated allele, was associated with papillary thyroid cancer in the Brazilian population studied, and the G allele presence is considered a protective factor against papillary thyroid cancer occurrence.


2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 117-130
Author(s):  
Puput Angrayany Sapar ◽  
Hamsu Kadriyan ◽  
Didit Yudhanto

Nasopharyngeal cancer is one of the most common types of cancer in Indonesia, especially head and neck cancer. One of the etiology of this cancer is infection with Epstein-Barr virus. Early diagnosis is difficult to establish because the early signs and symptoms of nasopharyngeal carcinoma are not specific. Examination of latent membrane protein-1 (LMP1) oncogene expression and BCL2-associated X (BAX) gene expression proved to be useful in the identification of nasopharyngeal cancer. LMP1 oncogene is an oncogene that functions as a tumor necrosis factor receptor (TNFR), so that apoptosis does not occur and promotes invasion and metastasis. The BAX gene is a pro-apoptotic gene that inhibits cancer development, but its regulation will be downregulated by LMP1 because LMP can protect B-cells from apoptosis.


2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (19) ◽  
pp. 10669
Author(s):  
Michael A. Fawzy ◽  
Sherif A. Maher ◽  
Sally M. Bakkar ◽  
Mahmoud A. El-Rehany ◽  
Moustafa Fathy

Ischemia/reperfusion injury (IRI) in the kidney is the most common cause of acute renal dysfunction through different cell damage mechanisms. This study aimed to investigate, on molecular basics for the first time, the effect of pantoprazole on renal IRI in rats. Different biochemical parameters and oxidative stress markers were assessed. ELISA was used to estimate proinflammatory cytokines. qRT-PCR and western blot were used to investigate the gene and protein expression. Renal histopathological examination was also performed. IRI resulted in tissue damage, elevation of serum levels of creatinine, urea nitrogen, malondialdehyde, TNF-α, IL-6, IL-1β, up-regulation of NF-κB, JNK1/2, ERK1/2, p38, and cleaved caspase-3 proteins. Furthermore, it up-regulated the expression of the Bax gene and down-regulated the expression of the Bcl-2 gene. Treatment of the injured rats with pantoprazole, either single dose or multiple doses, significantly alleviated IRI-induced biochemical and histopathological changes, attenuated the levels of proinflammatory cytokines, down-regulated the expression of NF-κB, JNK1/2, ERK1/2, p38, and cleaved caspase-3 proteins, and the Bax gene, and up-regulated Bcl-2 gene expression. Moreover, treatment with pantoprazole multiple doses has an ameliorative effect that is greater than pantoprazole single-dose. In conclusion, pantoprazole diminished renal IRI via suppression of apoptosis, attenuation of the pro-inflammatory cytokines’ levels, and inhibition of the intracellular signaling pathway MAPK (ERK1/2, JNK, p38)–NF-κB.


Author(s):  
Rajesh Kannan Moorthy ◽  
Sridharan Jayamohan ◽  
Mahesh Kumar Kannan ◽  
Antony Joseph Velanganni Arockiam

Aims: To investigate the effect of parthenolide on nucleolin in controlling the expression of miR-375 that induces apoptosis and cell cycle arrest in prostate cancer. Study Design: This study is an experimental study. Methodology: The cytotoxicity effect of parthenolide was tested by MTT assay for 48 h. Microscopic techniques were used to identify the morphological changes of the cell line. The expression of apoptotic and cell cycle regulatory genes was analyzed by the Real-Time PCR. The phase of cell cycle arrest was identified by Flow cytometry. Results: The obtained results indicated that parthenolide induced cytotoxicity and suppressed the proliferation by reducing the growth of LNCaP cells in 48 h. The microscopic analysis showed the alteration of cell morphology and increase of cytoplasmic reactive oxygen species.  Parthenolide promotes apoptosis by the downregulation of nucleolin, Bcl-2, and up-regulation of Bax gene. Moreover, the flow cytometry assay showed the G1/G0 phase of cell cycle arrest. Conclusion: Parthenolide induces apoptosis and cell cycle arrest through nucleolin by the suppression of miR-375 in prostate cancer cells.


Author(s):  
Е.А. Филиппова ◽  
А.М. Бурдённый ◽  
С.С. Лукина ◽  
И.В. Пронина ◽  
Т.П. Казубская ◽  
...  

Актуальность. Рак молочной железы (РМЖ) и рак яичников (РЯ) наиболее часто диагностируемые типы рака у женщин, характеризующиеся своими клиническими особенностями, включая тяжёлое течение болезни и неблагоприятный прогноз. В России ежегодно умирают от этих видов опухолей более 29000 человек. Важную роль в патогенезе рака играет аберрантное метилирование CpG-островков промоторных областей в генах системы апоптоза. Ранее появились сообщения о гиперметилировании генов DAPK1, APAF1, BCL2, TP53 в некоторых видах опухолей. Однако, данные о роли метилирования этой группы генов в прогрессии РМЖ и РЯ представлены единичными сообщениями, а для генов BIM, BAX до настоящего момента до сих пор не представлены. Целью настоящей работы явилось исследование роли метилирования шести генов системы апоптоза, а именно, про-апоптозных генов APAF1, DAPK1, BIM, BAX, TP53, а также анти-апоптозного гена BCL2 в прогрессии РМЖ и РЯ. Методы. Образцы опухолей РМЖ и РЯ собраны и клинически охарактеризованы в НИИ клинической онкологии ФГБУ РОНЦ имени Н.Н. Блохина. Высокомолекулярную ДНК выделяли из ткани стандартным методом. Анализ уровня метилирования проводили с применением бисульфитной конверсии ДНК и количественной метилспецифичной ПЦР (МС-ПЦР) с детекцией в реальном времени. Для оценки значимости различий между исследуемыми группами применяли непараметрический критерий Манна-Уитни для независимых выборок. Результаты. Показано статистически значимое (р < 0,05) увеличение уровня метилирования генов BCL2, DAPK1 и BAX в образцах опухолей по сравнению с парной гистологически нормальной тканью яичников. При РМЖ наблюдали гиперметилирование четырёх про-апоптозных генов (DAPK1, APAF1, BIM, BAX) и, напротив, гипометилирование BCL2. Кроме того, нами выявлено, что уровень метилирования промоторных CpG-островков генов DAPK1, BIM, BAX, APAF1 статистически значимо коррелирует с клинической стадией (р < 0,001), с размером опухоли (р < 0,02), а для генов BIM, BAX - с метастазированием (р < 0,02) при РМЖ. Также нами было показано, что уровень метилирования гена BAX значимо коррелирует с клинической стадией; размером опухоли и с метастазированием при РЯ (р < 0,05). Заключение. Полученные нами данные показывают, какую роль метилирование исследованных генов апоптоза играет в возникновении и прогрессии РЯ и РМЖ и позволяют оценить их влияние на патофизиологический профиль опухолей яичников и молочной железы. Background. Breast cancer (BC) and ovarian cancer (OC) are the most commonly diagnosed types of cancer in women, which are characterized by severe course and unfavorable prognosis. In Russia, more than 29,000 people die from these types of tumors every year. Aberrant methylation of CpG islands located in the promoter regions of apoptosis genes play an important role in the pathogenesis of this disease. Previously, there were reports of hypermethylation of the DAPK1, APAF1, BCL2, and TP53 genes in some types of tumors. However, reports of the role of the gene methylation in the progression of BC and OC are scarce, and for the BIM and BAX genes, this information is absent. The aim of this study was to elucidate the role of methylation for six genes of the apoptosis system, namely, the pro-apoptotic genes APAF1, DAPK1, BIM, BAX, TP53, as well as the anti-apoptotic gene BCL2, in the progression of BC and OC. Methods. Samples of breast and ovarian tumors were collected and clinically characterized at the N.N. Blokhin Research Institute of Clinical Oncology. High molecular weight DNA was isolated from the tissue using standard methods. The methylation degree was assessed by bisulfite DNA conversion and real-time quantitative methylation-specific PCR (MS-PCR). Significance of differences between the study groups was determined with the nonparametric Mann-Whitney test for independent samples. Results. The degree of BCL2, DAPK1, and BAX gene methylation was significantly increased (p<0.05) in tumor samples compared to matched histologically normal ovarian tissue. Hypermethylation of four pro-apoptotic genes (DAPK1, APAF1, BIM, and BAX) and, in contrast, hypomethylation of BCL2 were observed in BC. In addition, in BC, the promoter CpG island methylation of DAPK1, BIM, BAX, APAF1 genes significantly correlated with the clinical stage (p < 0.001), and with the tumor size (p < 0.02) whereas for BIM and BAX genes, the methylation degree correlated with metastasis (p < 0.02). In OC, the methylation degree of the BAX gene significantly correlated with the clinical stage, with the tumor size, and with metastasis (p < 0.05). Conclusion. The results of this study showed the role of apoptosis gene methylation in the development and progression of BC and OC and also allowed evaluating their influence on the pathophysiological profile of ovarian and breast tumors.


Author(s):  
Damilare D. Akintade ◽  
Bhabatosh Chaudhuri

AbstractFK506-binding protein 2 (FKBP13) is a part of the immunophilin protein family involved in immunoregulation. It is also believed to operate as a factor in membrane cytoskeletal framework and as an ER chaperone. FKBP2 (FKBP13) and FKBP1 (FKBP12), known as immunophilins, are binding proteins for rapamycin and FK506, which are immunosuppressive drugs. It was suggested that immunophilin-like and immunophilin proteins play significant roles in regulating intracellular calcium and protein folding/sorting, acting as molecular chaperones. Within the 15 mammalian FKBPs known, FKBP1 is merely the only one proven to form complexes with rapamycin and FK506 in the cytosol and facilitate their T cells immunosuppressive effects, FKBP2 is a luminal protein of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and is reported to take part in protein folding in the ER. However, little is known about FKBP2 link with apoptosis (either as a pro or anti-apoptotic protein). In this study, FKPB2 protein was co-expressed with the pro-apoptotic protein Bax after a yeast-based human hippocampal cDNA library screening. The yeast strain carrying the Bax gene was transformed with an episomal 2-micron plasmid that encodes the HA-tagged FKBP2 gene. The resultant strain would allow co-expression of Bax and FKBP2 in yeast cells. The results presented here show that a protein involved in protein folding can play a role in protecting yeast cell from Bax-induced apoptosis.


2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sher Zaman

The incidence of Diabetes Mellitus (DM) type I and type II is very high all over the world. Excessive glucose levels and failure of one’s body to produce or manage glucose, trigger diabetes. Glucose is known to be responsive to NIH3T3 cells as it alters the expression of a range of genes associated with inflammation and apoptosis. In this study, the toxic effect of glucose was evaluated on NIH3T3 fibroblasts. Cells (NIH3T3) were cultured in media (DMEM), supplemented with 10% FBS and 1% Penicillin-Streptomycin. MTT assay was performed to check the toxic effect of glucose. NIH3T3 cells were treated with high glucose (30mM) for 24 hours. Trizol was used to extract the RNA followed by PCR reactions for gene expression analysis. Glucose treatment for 24 hours, modulated the expression of BCL-2 and BAX genes. The expression of BCL-2 was reduced while a significant increase was noticed in the expression BAX gene. Our results illustrated that glucose has some toxic effects on NIH3T3 cells. Glucose induces apoptosis by upregulating BAX and down-regulating BCL-2 expressions.


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