Barricadas: sobre uma imagem fotográfica de Augusto Malta

Por meio do exercício de leitura de uma imagem fotográfica da cidade do Rio de Janeiro, tomada por Augusto Malta em 1908, no contexto da Reforma Passos, buscou-se trabalhar a inscrição da fotografia na cultura histórica — não como ilustração de uma narrativa textual, mas como uma “chave de acesso” para recolocar questões ao fotógrafo a partir da tensão observada entre o que sua fotografia retrata e o que efetivamente “dá a ver”. A inequívoca materialidade da fotografia em oposição ao idealismo histórico construído pelo discurso oficial. Palavras-chave: cidade; fotografia; memória. Abstract By the exercise of reading a photographic image of the city of Rio de Janeiro, taken by Augusto Malta in 1908, in the context of the “Passos Urban Renovation”, we sought to work on the inscription of photography in historical culture — not as an illustration of a textual narrative, but as an “access key” to reposition questions to the photographer based on the tension between what his image portrays and what it effectively “allows to be seen”. The unequivocal materiality of photography as an opposition to the historical idealism constructed by official discourse. Keywords: city; photography; memory.

Analysis and evaluation of urban socioeconomic dimensions

Introduction. Following any war, the destruction of cities causes severe damage to the lives of citizens, so urban planning and accelerating the process of renovation and development of a city is the priority of every country after the war, in order to reduce the damage caused by war. Since then, citizens can resume their normal living in their hometowns. The process of urban renovation and development takes a long time, and the main urban indicators should be regularly evaluated in different dimensions to find out whether the living environment has improved and the preset urban goals have been achieved. Materials and methods. In this study, the process of renovation and development of the city of Homs was analyzed by evaluating the pre-selected social and economic indicators. The sign test and the Wilcoxon test were used to evaluate and compare the indicators before and after the war. Results. The results of the research show that the null hypothesis of this research was rejected with a z-value of –3.137916 and a p-value of 0.002 in respect of the social dimension. Also, the zero hypothesis of this research is rejected in the economic dimension according to the results of the Wilcoxon test. The results show that the z-value is equal to –2.075 and the p-value is equal to 0.038, which is less than 0.50 and, hence, insignificant. The rejection of the null hypothesis and the large number of negative indicators in the social dimension indicate that the process of renovation and development of the city of Homs is very slow after the war and the city has not been able to approach the desired stable condition. Conclusions. This research has found that only 11 indicators out of 45 improved in the process of renovation and development of the city of Homs after the war if compared to the pre-war period. In fact, more than 75 % of selected indicators were negative, and this shows the slow pace of urban renovation and development with an emphasis on the sustainable city of Homs.

Migration, Public Policy and Gentrification in Belleville, Paris

This article is a study of the physical and social transformation of the Parisian quartier of Belleville since the 19th century. Immigration history and urban renovation have interacted and contributed to or limited the gentrification of the quartier. Certain features are known to affect the type and extent of gentrification: the nature of migrant communities; the legal status of migrants; ethnic relations between migrant and host communities; poverty; crime rates; social diversity and insalubrious housing stock. These factors will be examined in relation to Belleville with a focus on the four significant stages of urban renovation: the transformation of Paris under Haussmann and its flow-on effects; the post-WWII reconstruction period, marked principally by the Plan d’Aménagement et d’Organisation Générale de Paris (PADOG); the makeover of north-eastern Paris towards the end of the 20th century in the form of the Plan programme de l’est de Paris; and the ongoing results and repercussions of this makeover. The evidence points to the quartier being in a stage of partial gentrification. The potential for this process to extend to a state of mature gentrification will be examined with reference to quartiers such as the Marais.

METHODS OF STRUCTURAL AND PLANNING RENOVATION RIVERSIDE URBAN TERRITORIES

Purpose. The purpose of the article is to identify methods of structural and spatial changes within the existing urban riparian areas. As a result of the research, the need to rethink the attitude to urban planning in general, and within the river space in particular, was formulated. The task is to revitalize the territory within the water area by creating public spaces, restoring the ecological framework through the introduction of ecological clusters and creating green corridors, maintaining economic activity based on industry, with its partial transformation, maintaining the existing system of spaces and structures and their partial redevelopment. Results. The potential of sustainable development of riparian areas in the context of the formation of recreational space in its structure as a result of renovation is revealed. Methods of structural and planning transformations within the water area have been developed. A model of structural transformation of the river space within the city is being built, on the basis of which the identified principles of rehabilitation of the territory are being tested. The significance of the obtained results lies in the development of new approaches to the formation of a holistic recreational river structure; in the formulation of the basic principles underlying the structural and planning transformations and the construction of a model of urban renovation of the riparian zone. The study used grapho-analytical methods, as well as the study and analysis of foreign and domestic experience in the renovation and revitalization of riverside industrial areas. The study analyzed the master plan of the city, identified functional areas within the river space. Conclusion. The expediency of rehabilitation of the territory, introduction of new, actual functions determines the economic, social, cultural, psychological and aesthetic development of the city.

Evaluación del espacio público para un envejecimiento activo en España: estudio de caso en las 3 ciudades más pobladas = Evaluation of public space for active ageing in Spain: study case of the 3 largest cities

ResumenEl presente trabajo aborda el reto del envejecimiento activo desde la perspectiva del diseño urbano: ¿son los espacios públicos de las ciudades españolas “amigables” para las personas mayores? Se ha realizado una caracterización de las necesidades específicas del adulto mayor y los elementos de diseño del espacio público que deberían tenerse en cuenta en proyectos de renovación urbana. Esta caracterización, junto con una revisión de guías y documentos técnicos, ha dado como resultado la selección de 25 elementos para la evaluación de un caso de estudio en el casco urbano de la ciudad consolidada de las 3 ciudades españolas más pobladas. Los resultados muestran un mínimo de habitabilidad y accesibilidad de los espacios públicos, pero un déficit en los parámetros de calidad para favorecer entornos “amigables” con las personas mayores, como zonas estanciales con bancos ergonómicos, elementos de apoyo cada cierta distancia o señalética accesible para orientarse en las calles.AbstractThis study addresses active ageing from the urban perspective: are public spaces in Spanish cities age-friendly? A characterization of the older adult has been done identifying the elements of the public space that should be considered in projects of urban renovation. From this characterization, as well as a review of guides and technical documents, 25 elements have been proposed in order to evaluate one study case in the urban city centre of the 3 largest cities in Spain. Results show a minimum quality of habitability and accessibility in the built environment. However, there is a lack of quality parameters in order to promote healthy and age-friendly urban environments, such as ergonomic benches in places to stay, minimum distance between supports or signals to support way-finding in streets.

USING THE SYNERGY OF QFIELD FOR COLLECTING DATA ON-SITE AND QGIS FOR INTERACTIVE MAP CREATION BY ALKIS® DATA EXTRACTION AND IMPLEMENTATION IN POSTGRESQL FOR URBAN PLANNING PROCESSES

The German law concerning Urban Development Promotion (Städtebauförderungsgesetz; StBauFG) is an important component of the Building Law (Baugesetzbuch). It enables municipalities to be financially supported by the federal and provincial governments for promoting urban development in downtown areas being in need of renovation, maintaining historical centers, or enhancing the value of socially imbalanced areas. Therefore, the law plays an important role for the economical, ecological, social and cultural status of cities. If an urban renovation area is formally declared the reconstruction measures taking place there lead to an upgrading of the real estate land values. The present work contributes on one side to the initial phase for the declaration of an urban renovation area and on the other side to the final phase comprising the legal accounting procedure. At first, the city planners must document the urban status concerning the structure and quality of buildings, vacancy rate for housing and industry, road condition and numerous other urban quality and structure deficits. To acquire these data, the open-source GIS plugin QField serves as an appropriate and easy to handle tool installed on a tablet for the urban planners to collect the necessary data on-site. The planners can then easily assign defined qualities and states of the objects on a map or edit and comment new objects and attributes. Through automatic updating of these data in the PostgreSQL-database, an interactive map in QGIS will then be automatically created in Python. For the last phase, the legal closure of a declared renovation area, our work supports the analysis and modelling of the relationships in the Authoritative Real Estate Cadastre Information System ALKIS® in order to identify the property owners being charged a so-called balance payment for the upgrading of the standard land values resulting from the applied renovation measures. The work shows the high potential of the ALKIS® data being processed with open-source software like PostgreSQL, QGIS, and QField towards a more effective urban planning.

Patrizia Guarnieri, Italian Psychology and Jewish Emigration under Fascism: From Florence to Jerusalem and New York. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan, 2016. xv + 275 pp.

Fascism exerted multiple, complex, and often perverse influences on Italian society and on the lives of Italian Jews in particular. The better-known outcomes of Italian Fascism are the development of a dictatorial regime grounded on the cult of personality, the bloody repression of political opposition, delirious imperialist adventures, the legal codification of anti-Jewish persecution, the late military alliance with Nazi Germany, and a catastrophic defeat in the Second World War. But Fascism also played a paramount role in conceiving new patterns of rural and urban development, industrial management, state and church relations, and educational reform, some of whose legacies have long outlasted the pernicious regime. Some public works, among them the embankments of the Tiber River and other aspects of urban renovation in Rome, and land reclamation in the central-southern regions of Italy, quite amazingly were not much developed beyond the regime’s endeavors in the 1920s and 1930s. Likewise, at least until recently, much of the public education system in the country—compulsory as well as academic—was regulated by principles laid down during “the infamous twenty years.” Those far-reaching influences have deeply affected Italy’s university ...