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2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mikhail Ivantsov

Abstract It is shown that the known task of single-electron atom can be established with its own solution of fine-structure constant. Moreover, this approach may relate to electron transition directly to the proton structure, that with a hyper-fine structure like the Lamb shift of hydrogen atom is specifically associated. Such highlighted result was expanded accordingly for the multiple-charge states, as beyond the existing classification of the Standard Model. Here is possible a certain prediction for the mass values by type the meson- boson particles. In particular, mass value for the Higgs boson has been modeled close enough to the experimental result. In this way a high-energy sequence for the exotic subatomic particles like the Higgs boson may be further revealed.


Entropy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (12) ◽  
pp. 1683
Author(s):  
George Livadiotis ◽  
David J. McComas

This paper develops explicit and consistent definitions of the independent thermodynamic properties of temperature and the kappa index within the framework of nonextensive statistical mechanics and shows their connection with the formalism of kappa distributions. By defining the “entropy defect” in the composition of a system, we show how the nonextensive entropy of systems with correlations differs from the sum of the entropies of their constituents of these systems. A system is composed extensively when its elementary subsystems are independent, interacting with no correlations; this leads to an extensive system entropy, which is simply the sum of the subsystem entropies. In contrast, a system is composed nonextensively when its elementary subsystems are connected through long-range interactions that produce correlations. This leads to an entropy defect that quantifies the missing entropy, analogous to the mass defect that quantifies the mass (energy) associated with assembling subatomic particles. We develop thermodynamic definitions of kappa and temperature that connect with the corresponding kinetic definitions originated from kappa distributions. Finally, we show that the entropy of a system, composed by a number of subsystems with correlations, is determined using both discrete and continuous descriptions, and find: (i) the resulted entropic form expressed in terms of thermodynamic parameters; (ii) an optimal relationship between kappa and temperature; and (iii) the correlation coefficient to be inversely proportional to the temperature logarithm.


2021 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jampa Gyaltsen ◽  
Lobsang Gyatso ◽  
Dawa Tsering Drongbu

One of the goals of the historic Emory-Tibet Science Initiative (ETSI) is to catalyze cross-cultural thinking among scientists and Buddhists. Over a decade into the project to elicit such thinking the project sponsored an essay competition among the monastics. Here we feature two of the winners reflecting on different aspects of western sciences and Buddhism, physics and Buddhism respectively, demonstrating how modern science is integrating with the monastics’ traditional training and culture. A key aspect of ETSI is also translation, and these essays, in that spirit were translated from Tibetan to English by one of the project translators.


2021 ◽  
pp. 437-456
Author(s):  
Leeka Kheifets ◽  
Adele Green ◽  
Richard Wakeford

The electromagnetic spectrum encompasses frequencies that range from above approximately 1020 hertz (Hz) for ionizing radiation at the high end of the spectrum to static fields and power frequencies of 50–60 Hz at the low end. In order of decreasing frequency, the spectrum comprises gamma-rays, X-rays, ultraviolet radiation, visible light, infrared radiation, microwaves, radio waves and extremely low frequency electric and magnetic fields (ELF EMF). This chapter reviews sources and health effects of human exposure to radiation within the electromagnetic spectrum, and for ionizing radiation exposure to subatomic particles, as well as reviewing policies for limiting human exposure where appropriate.


Author(s):  
Tobias Henschen

AbstractIn Scientific Ontology, Chakravartty diagnoses a “dramatic conflict” between empiricism and metaphysics and aims to overcome that conflict by opting for a modern-day variant of Pyrrhonism, i.e. by appreciating the equal strength (isostheneia) of the arguments for and against the empiricist and metaphysical positions, and by achieving tranquility (ataraxia) by suspending judgment or remaining speechless in the face of that isostheneia. In this paper, I want to argue that instead of remaining speechless in the face of the isostheneia of the arguments for and against the empiricist and metaphysical positions, we should adopt a position that remains underrated in Chakravartty’s analysis: a position that amounts to a modern-day variant of the Kantian combination of transcendental idealism and empirical realism, and that like the original Kantian combination, is capable of solving many instances of the dramatic conflict between empiricism and metaphysics and, in particular, a conflict that is the talk of the town in philosophy of science these days—the conflict between ontic-structural realism and Lewisian metaphysics.


2021 ◽  
pp. 54-79
Author(s):  
Pedro Bullon

The leading cause of illness in aging is a group known as Noncommunicable Diseases. There should be some meeting points that modify the cells homeostasis and impaired the cell physiology developing different diseases. Quantum physics studied the atomic and subatomic particles and revolutionized the reality perception with paradoxical and weird concepts. Heisenberg's uncertainty principle established that it is not possible to determine the two characteristic properties of particles with accuracy. Subatomic particles have a wave-particle duality. Two subatomic particles are entangled, something happening over here can have an instantaneous effect over there, no matter how far away there are. All these concepts have tried to apply to biology and life sciences, quantum biology is behind photosynthesis, mitochondrial respiration, enzyme activity, the sense of smell, animal migration, heredity's fidelity, and consciousness. We can apply all these concepts to diseases pathogeny. So, we describe quantum phenomena in oxidative stress, calcification, signal transduction, vitamin D production and cancer mutations. Aging diseases also could be explained by applying quantum physics concepts. It is a new, hard to believe, and an incredible path to be built, but we need to open the treatment options to our patients with new perspectives. Keywords: Oxidative stress; Calcification; Signal transduction; Vitamin D; Cancer mutations; Quantum phenomena


2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Leong

<div> <div> <div> <p>Entrepreneurship concerns actions under uncertainties. Situated within that uncertainties are opportunities that entrepreneurs seek. How are these opportunities seen? Within the entrepreneurial opportunities are seeds with potentialities. Potentialities for profits. They are the reasons that entrepreneurs act up to exploit and to set in motion the entrepreneurial emergence. The intentionality follows with construction of a coherent set of activities or incoherent intuitive moves to pursue the opportunity, including injecting resources and mobilizing social and material networks. How are opportunities discovered, and perceived? The current academic debates feature discovery and creation. Are they existing independently, with pre-existing reality, even without being observed? Or as some argued that opportunities are not pre-existing in space and time with an objective existence but are subjectively and socially constructed. On contact with such opportunities, what spur entrepreneurs to act and what are the forces at work? Are they real or artificial? Can they be holographic representation and provide cues and signals to entrepreneurs to act? Can opportunity-as-hologram explains how entrepreneurs get inspired and motivated to pursuing the opportunities? </p> <p>This paper will explore, revisit and recast perspectives on opportunities and addressing the subtle conceptual issues at the core of entrepreneurship theories that hold the two views, discovery and creation of opportunities to be both valid and mutually non-exclusive, on holographic terms. In the discussion, this paper will explore implicate order and explicate order which are quantum theory concepts theorized by physicist David Bohm as these theories were developed to explain the bizarre and unpredictable behaviours of subatomic particles, which have strong semblance to the same free-spiritedness and free-will self-organization behaviours of entrepreneurs. </p> <p>Our theorization will have implications for entrepreneurs and entrepreneurial researches relating to quantum science references. </p> </div> </div> </div>


2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Leong

<div> <div> <div> <p>Entrepreneurship concerns actions under uncertainties. Situated within that uncertainties are opportunities that entrepreneurs seek. How are these opportunities seen? Within the entrepreneurial opportunities are seeds with potentialities. Potentialities for profits. They are the reasons that entrepreneurs act up to exploit and to set in motion the entrepreneurial emergence. The intentionality follows with construction of a coherent set of activities or incoherent intuitive moves to pursue the opportunity, including injecting resources and mobilizing social and material networks. How are opportunities discovered, and perceived? The current academic debates feature discovery and creation. Are they existing independently, with pre-existing reality, even without being observed? Or as some argued that opportunities are not pre-existing in space and time with an objective existence but are subjectively and socially constructed. On contact with such opportunities, what spur entrepreneurs to act and what are the forces at work? Are they real or artificial? Can they be holographic representation and provide cues and signals to entrepreneurs to act? Can opportunity-as-hologram explains how entrepreneurs get inspired and motivated to pursuing the opportunities? </p> <p>This paper will explore, revisit and recast perspectives on opportunities and addressing the subtle conceptual issues at the core of entrepreneurship theories that hold the two views, discovery and creation of opportunities to be both valid and mutually non-exclusive, on holographic terms. In the discussion, this paper will explore implicate order and explicate order which are quantum theory concepts theorized by physicist David Bohm as these theories were developed to explain the bizarre and unpredictable behaviours of subatomic particles, which have strong semblance to the same free-spiritedness and free-will self-organization behaviours of entrepreneurs. </p> <p>Our theorization will have implications for entrepreneurs and entrepreneurial researches relating to quantum science references. </p> </div> </div> </div>


2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Eduardo Simões

The objective of this article is to demonstrate how the historical debate between materialism and idealism, in the field of Philosophy, extends, in new clothes, to the field of Quantum Physics characterized by realism and anti-realism. For this, we opted for a debate, also historical, between the realism of Albert Einstein, for whom reality exists regardless of the existence of the knowing subject, and Niels Bohr, for whom we do not have access to the ultimate reality of the matter, unless conditioning it to the existence of an observer endowed with rationality, position adopted in the Interpretation of Complementarity (1927) – posture that was expanded in 1935 when Bohr assumed a “relationalist” conception, according to which the quantum state is defined by the relationship between the quantum object and the entire measuring device. This is an extremely important debate, as it further consolidates the results of nascent Quantum Mechanics, guaranteeing Bohr the leadership of the orthodoxy based on the interpretation of complementarity. Here, when dealing with Quantum Theory, we will not make any distinction between the terms Quantum Physics, Quantum Theory or Quantum Mechanics. The entire discussion will be held under the name “Quantum Theory”. Theory that tries to analyze and describe the behavior of physical systems of reduced dimensions, close to the sizes of molecules, atoms and subatomic particles. We hope that the reader will appreciate the genius of these two titans in this field of Physics when they magnificently formulate the arguments that support the object of their defenses.


2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 332-348
Author(s):  
Eduardo Simões

The objective of this article is to demonstrate how the historical debate between materialism and idealism, in the field of Philosophy, extends, in new clothes, to the field of Quantum Physics characterized by realism and anti-realism. For this, we opted for a debate, also historical, between the realism of Albert Einstein, for whom reality exists regardless of the existence of the knowing subject, and Niels Bohr, for whom we do not have access to the ultimate reality of the matter, unless conditioning it to the existence of an observer endowed with rationality, position adopted in the Interpretation of Complementarity (1927) – posture that was expanded in 1935 when Bohr assumed a “relationalist” conception, according to which the quantum state is defined by the relationship between the quantum object and the entire measuring device. This is an extremely important debate, as it further consolidates the results of nascent Quantum Mechanics, guaranteeing Bohr the leadership of the orthodoxy based on the interpretation of complementarity. Here, when dealing with Quantum Theory, we will not make any distinction between the terms Quantum Physics, Quantum Theory or Quantum Mechanics. The entire discussion will be held under the name “Quantum Theory”. Theory that tries to analyze and describe the behavior of physical systems of reduced dimensions, close to the sizes of molecules, atoms and subatomic particles. We hope that the reader will appreciate the genius of these two titans in this field of Physics when they magnificently formulate the arguments that support the object of their defenses.


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