Wireless Pressure Sensor Assisted Orthopedic Nursing Effectiveness Evaluation

This paper combines flexible pressure sensing technology, wireless sensor network, and cloud platform technology to design and manufacture a medical miniature pressure sensor and its supporting system. The problem of noninvasive monitoring of the syndrome encountered in the clinic is used for real-time monitoring and auxiliary diagnosis of the disease. Different from the current clinical use of “puncture” to measure intrafascial pressure, this system focuses on the noninvasive monitoring of compartment syndrome, using medical tape to paste a flexible microsensing unit on the injured area. The flexible sensor unit can measure the pressure here in real time and then can know the pressure in the fascia chamber. The flexible pressure sensor unit combines with the subsequent flexible circuit to send the measured data to the data in real time through wireless communication. The data aggregation node transmits the collected data to the upper computer through serial communication, and the upper computer software processes and stores the data and uploads it to the cloud server. In this experiment, it was observed that the concentrations of Ca and P showed the same fluctuating trend. With the gradual progress of the stretch, the concentrations of Ca and P increased with the increase in time, reaching approximately at the end of the extension. The peak value indicates that the osteoclast activity is enhanced at this time, the bone matrix is largely destroyed, and the Ca and P in the matrix are released into the serum in a large amount, thereby increasing the serum concentration. After the distraction ceases, it enters the healing period of the callus. At this time, the concentrations of Ca and P decrease with the increase in time and gradually reach a stable level, indicating that the osteoblast activity is enhanced at this time, the bone matrix begins to rebuild, and the Ca and P gradually increase. The deposited bone matrix gradually forms new bone and finally reaches a balance. Since the speed of extension in each experimental group is inconsistent, the time required to reach the same extension length is also inconsistent, so that the peak time is also inconsistent. After plotting the stress difference ( △ F ) before and after stretching against time and speed, it is found that the relationship is linear. However, these two variables affect △ F at the same time, so they cannot be isolated. Based on this, this subject uses multiple regression equations to fit the three relationships of stress difference ( △ F ), time, and speed. In the process of distraction osteogenesis, with each distraction, the bone stress presents a trend from high to low. And as the stretch progresses, the measured stress value increases linearly at the same time point every day.

Design and development af a lightweight low-cost sensor unit for the parallel measurement of particles, gaseous air pollutants, atmospheric pressure, temperature and humidity

<p>There are frequent measurement tasks, where lightweight low-cost sensor units are of interest for the parallel measurement of several environmental parameters. Moreover, often measurements of environmental parameters are necessary not only at one specific point, but distributed over a large area or at different altidudes. In this case it makes sense to utilize lightweight low-cost sensor units. Because of the low price the can be produced in many exemplares und used at several places in parallel.</p> <p>The Laboratory for Environmental Measurement Techniques (UMT) at the Duesseldorf University of Applied Sciences (HSD) has developed such electronic units with following features:</p> <ul> <li>They can measure particulate matter PM10, PM2.5, PM1, PNC and size distribution using particulate sensors of different brands, e.g. Alphasense sensors R2 or N3 or Sensirion SDS 30.</li> <li>Additionally they have analog interfaces so that they can be equipped with sensor units for gaseous pollutants, e.g, Alphasense sensors for SO<sub>2</sub>, NO<sub>2</sub>, Ozone and many other gases like CO<sub>2</sub> using Sensirion sensors.</li> <li>In parallel atmospheric pressure, temperature and humidity can be measured by additional dedicated sensors.</li> <li>The sensor units are equipped with a SD card memory and optionally with I<sup>2</sup>C or RS232 interface.</li> <li>Additionally the data can be transmitted in a wireless way to a server on 433 MHz, 868 MHz, 2.4 GHz ISM-band or via LTE or IRIDIUM.</li> <li>The main electronic unit is of lightweight design. Therefore the low-cost sensor units can be used easily on mobile platformes like drones or bicycles.</li> <li>The sensor unit has a low power consumption, so it can be operated independently for days or weeks, depending on the battery capacity.</li> <li>A GPS module enables a timestamp for the data and gives position and altitude.</li> </ul> <p>Several fully installed measurement units have been tested by UMT groundbased at industrial and heavily polluted urban sites in Germany. Moreover, such a unit has been operated on a measurement drone for taking vertical and horizontal pollutant profiles. It is planned to use these sensor units also at volcanic sites in a mobile and stationary way. The low-cost sensor units have been intercompared with certified air pollution measurement systems to assure the data quality.</p>

Novel non-invasive in-house fabricated wearable system with a hybrid algorithm for fetal movement recognition

Fetal movement count monitoring is one of the most commonly used methods of assessing fetal well-being. While few methods are available to monitor fetal movements, they consist of several adverse qualities such as unreliability as well as the inability to be conducted in a non-clinical setting. Therefore, this research was conducted to design a complete system that will enable pregnant mothers to monitor fetal movement at home. This system consists of a non-invasive, non-transmitting sensor unit that can be fabricated at a low cost. An accelerometer was utilized as the primary sensor and a micro-controller based circuit was implemented. Clinical testing was conducted utilizing this sensor unit. Two phases of clinical testing procedures were done and during the first phase readings from 120 mothers were taken while during the second phase readings from 15 mothers were taken. Validation was done by conducting an abdominal ultrasound scan which was utilized as the ground truth during the second phase of the clinical testing procedure. A clinical survey was also conducted in parallel with clinical testings in order to improve the sensor unit as well as to improve the final system. Four different signal processing algorithms were implemented on the data set and the performance of each was compared with each other. Out of the four algorithms three algorithms were able to obtain a true positive rate around 85%. However, the best algorithm was selected on the basis of minimizing the false positive rate. Consequently, the most feasible as well as the best performing algorithm was determined and it was utilized in the final system. This algorithm have a true positive rate of 86% and a false positive rate of 7% Furthermore, a mobile application was also developed to be used with the sensor unit by pregnant mothers. Finally, a complete end to end method to monitor fetal movement in a non-clinical setting was presented by the proposed system.

Smart Irrigation System Using Internet of Things

Irrigation forms one of the mainstays of agriculture and food production. As a result of outdated strategies in developing and developing countries, much water is wasted in this process. In this article, we have established a regulatory model of irrigation management to put a check on this waste of water by providing a good irrigation system for farming. The prototype Smart Automatic Irrigation Controller (SAIC) has two operating units, viz. Wireless Sensor Unit and Wireless Information Processing Unit . The purpose of the sensor unit is to measure climate and soil conditions and to calculate the actual water loss due to evapotranspiration. Processing unit considers this calculation and performs the regulatory action required to control workers by delivering the right amount of water to the farm. A combination of basic rules is included in the decision-making table. The model is initially developed and validated in the process of testing the effectiveness. The results obtained showed the potential to compensate for water loss by almost 100%. The regulator experienced a 27% reduction in water use and a 40% increase in crop yields. The prototype is connected to a cloud server for data storage and remote access to control. The device is efficient, inexpensive, and usable so that end users can use it easily and comfortably. The model is new and unique in the sense that it can plan irrigation for all types of crops, in all climatic conditions of all soil types while feeding the right combination of soil growth stage in the inference engine.

Design of a Plantar Pressure Insole Measuring System Based on Modular Photoelectric Pressure Sensor Unit

Accurately perceiving and predicting the parameters related to human walking is very important for man–machine coupled cooperative control systems such as exoskeletons and power prostheses. Plantar pressure data is rich in human gait and posture information and is an essential source of reference information as the input of the exoskeleton control system. Therefore, the proper design of the pressure sensing insole and validation is a big challenge considering the requirements such as convenience, reliability, no interference and so on. In this research, we developed a low-cost modular sensing unit based on the principle of photoelectric sensing and designed a plantar pressure sensing insole to achieve the purpose of sensing human walking gait and posture information. On the one hand, the sensor unit is made of economy-friendly commercial flexible circuits and elastic silicone, and the mechanical and electrical characteristics of the modular sensor unit are evaluated by a self-developed pressure-related calibration system. The calibration results show that the modular sensor based on the photoelectric sensing principle has fast response and negligible hysteresis. On the other hand, we analyzed the area where the plantar pressure is densely distributed. One benefit of the modular sensing unit design is that it is rather convenient to fabricate different insole solutions, so we fabricated and compared several pressure-sensitive insole solutions in this preliminary study. During the dynamic locomotion experiments of wearing the pressure-sensing insole, the time series signal of each sensor unit was collected and analyzed. The results show that the pressure sensing insole based on the photoelectric effect can sense the distribution of the plantar pressure by capturing the deformation of the insole caused by the foot contact during locomotion, and provide reliable gait information for wearable applications.