Green synthesis of silver nanoparticles using Calotropis gigantea and its characterization using UV-Vis Spectroscopy

The use of Calotropis gigantea from Ie Seu-Um, Aceh Besar geothermal area for silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) synthesized has been reported. The process of synthesis AgNPs can be carried out with chemical methods, physical methods, and green synthesis methods, but in this study, the process is focused on the green synthesis method using C. gigantea flowers and leaves extract from Ie Seu-Um geothermal area, Aceh Besar. Phytochemical analysis showed that C. gigantea leaves contain alkaloids, steroids, tannins, phenolics, and saponins, while the flowers of C. gigantea contain alkaloids, terpenoids, steroids, flavonoids, tannins, phenolics, and saponins. The reaction of the AgNPs formation was observed by colour change formed. AgNPs-C. gigantea flower extract dan AgNPs-C. gigantea leaves extract showed the reddish-brown and brownish-yellow solution respectively after 48 h incubation in dark condition at room temperature. The result of the reaction characterized using UV-Vis Spectrophotometry showed that the phenomenon of Surface plasmone resonance (SPR) occurs in the mixture of nanoparticles formed. The concentration of AgNO3 as a reagent affected the SPR phenomenon. The result showed that particles formed are the same size and shape.

Analisa Kualitas Klorofil dan Absorbansi Daun Jarak Merah (Jatropha Gossypifolia L.) dan Daun Biduri (Calotropis Gigantea) Sebagai Bahan Pewarna Pada Dye Sensitized Solar Cell (DSSC)

Telah dianalisis kualitas klorofil dan absorbansi pada daun jarak merah (Jatropha gossypifolia L.) dan daun biduri (Calotropis gigantean) sebagai bahan pewarna pada Dye Sensitized Solar Cell (DSSC). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui bagaimana pengaruh konsentrasi terhadap nilai absorbansi dan menghitung energi gap larutan ekstra daun biduri dan jarak merah. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pada konsentrasi 25 mg/ml nilai absorbansi paling besar sebesar 2,242 a.u untuk klorofil dan 2,312 a.u untuk antosianin, sedangkan pada konsentrasi 10 mg/ml nilai absorbansi paling rendah sebesar 0,953 a.u untuk klorofil dan 0,868 a.u untuk antosianin. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa semakin pekat larutan ekstraknya maka semakin besar absorbansinya. Hasil pengolahan data diperoleh nilai energi gap pada daun jarak merah dan daun biduri berturut-turut sebesar 1,89 eV dan 2,80 eV. Berdasarkan hasil tersebut dapat diketahui bahwa daun jarak merah dan daun biduridapat digunakan sebagai bahan pewarna pada Dye Sensitized Solar Cell (DSSC) dikarenakan energi gap.

PEMANFAATAN EKSTRAK DAUN BIDURI (Calotropis gigantae) SEBAGAI INHIBITOR KOROSI PADA BAJA LUNAK (Mild Steel) DALAM BERBAGAI MEDIUM KOROSIF

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh penambahan inhibitor daun biduri (Calotropis gigantea) pada baja karbon rendah (mild steel), untuk menganalisa pengaruh konsentrasi inhibitor dari ekstrak daun biduri terhadap berbagai medium korosif yaitu air laut, HNO3 0,1 N dan CH3COOH 0,1 N dan untuk menganalisa pengaruh berbagai medium korosif terhadap laju korosi baja karbon, untuk menganalisa pengaruh konsentrasi inhibitor dari ekstrak daun biduri terhadap laju korosi. Laju korosi dihitung dengan menggunakan metode kehilangan berat. Konsentrasi inhibitor yang digunakan yaitu 0 ppm (kondisi blanko), 200 ppm, 250 ppm, 300 ppm dan 350 ppm. Lama perendaman dijadikan sebagai variabel tetap yaitu selama 30 hari. Hasil kajian menunjukkan bahwa ekstrak daun biduri dapat digunakan sebagai bio-inhibitor korosi pada plat baja lunak (mild steel). Laju korosi terendah yaitu pada medium korosif air laut dengan penambahan konsentrasi inhibitor sebanyak 400 ppm yaitu sebesar 8,374 mpy, sedangkan laju korosi tertinggi yaitu pada medium korosif asam nitrat (HNO3) 0,1 N dengan tanpa adanya penambahan konsentrasi inhibitor yaitu sebesar 31,013 mpy. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa penambahan tanin dari ekstrak daun biduri dapat mengurangi laju korosi.

Antipyretic activity of Calotropis gigantea, Vernonia cinerea,and Cissampelos pareiraextractsonlipopolysaccharide-induced pyrexia in rabbits

This study aims to evaluate the antipyretic activity of Calotropis gigantea (CG), Vernonia cinerea (VC), and Cissampelos pareira (CP)extracts. Rabbits were received an intravenous lipopolysaccharide (LPS) after being orally administered with the plant extracts or paracetamol, a reference drug. The treatment of CG and VC ethanolic extract (125 and 250 mg/kg) and paracetamol (150 mg/kg) significantly reduced LPS-induced pyrexia. Moreover, ethyl acetate fraction (50 mg/kg) of CG showed a more significant effect in lowering the hyperthermia than dichloromethane, n-butanol fraction, or water residue. In conclusion, this study demonstrated that CG and VC ethanolic extract possess antipyretic activity. Besides, the components in the ethyl acetate fraction of CG play an important role in the antipyretic property of this herb

Calotropis gigantea- A Review

Calotropis gigantea plant has a family Asclepiadaceae commonly and sub family Apocynaceae known as Madar in Hindi. It is a perennial herb with a very long history of use in traditional medicines. Calotropis gigantea is a hoary, laticiferous shrub, which is also known as “the milkweed”. Calotropis is used as a traditional medicinal plant in whole world. Calotropis gigantea plant contain chemical constituents in which cardenolides, flavonoids, terpenes, pregnanes and nonprotein amino acid and more in various concentration. The root bark contains α-amyrin, β-amyrin, taraxasterol and its ψ-isomer taraxasteryl isovalerate, taraxasteryl acetate, gigantin, giganteol, isogiganteol, β-sitosterol and wax. The rootalso shows Nootropic activity in methanolic extract. The latex, leaves, flowers and bark are used as caustic, acrid, expectorant, to removes body hairs, anthelmintics and alsoused in leprosy, ulceration, cough, scabies ring worm of the scalp, piles, explosion on the body, asthma, enlargement of spleen or liver, edema and in painful joint swellings. Also, evaluate possible anxiogenic effect, sedative action and anxiolytic potential of crude ethanolic extract of Calotropis gigantealeaf. Methanolic extract of Calotropis gigantea root used as memory increasing activity. This review gives an idea about its pharmacological activity and phytochemistry.

Toxicity and Antifeedant Activity of Calotropis gigantea L. Leaf Extract Against Plutella xylostella L. (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae)

Many parts of the Calotropis gigantea plant are known to contain bioactive compounds, but leaves contain the most. This study aimed to determine the toxicity and antifeedant activity of C. gigantea leaves against Plutella xylostella. The study was carried out from November 2019 to July 2020. Toxicity was tested using the leaf dipping and spraying methods. Antifeedant activity was tested using a no-choice test and a choice test. Identification of the compound composition of the leaf extract of C. gigantea was carried out at the Integrated Research and Testing Laboratory, Gadjah Mada University. Extract toxicity data obtained were analyzed by Probit analysis. The results showed that the antifeedant activity of C. gigantea leaf extract a no-choice and with choice at each concentration had a significant effect on the consumption of P. xylostella larvae rations. The toxicity (LC50) of the leaf extract of C. gigantea to P. xylostella by the dipping method was 2,958 µgl-1 while the spraying application was 3.944 µgl-1. The composition of chemical compounds contained in the leaf extract of C. gigantea is saponins, alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, phenols, terpenoids. With the composition of these chemical compounds, the leaf extract of C. gigantea has the potential as a source of vegetable insecticide compounds against P. xylostella.

Annealing Temperature Influences the Cytocompatibility, Bactericidal and Bioactive Properties of Green Synthesised TiO2 Nanocomposites from Calotropis Gigantea

Annealing is a crucial functional parameter relevant to the green synthesis and bactericidal properties of TiO2 nanocomposites (TiO2-NPs). In this work, the effect of the annealing temperature on the physicochemical and bactericidal properties of TiO2-NPs obtained from Calotropis gigantea was comprehensively studied. The synthesised TiO2-NPs were characterised using scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, UV–Vis spectrophotometer and FTIR spectroscopy. The bactericidal properties were determined via the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and Kirby–Bauer disc diffusion methods. The cytocompatibility of green TiO2 was further investigated using fibroblast cells lines model. Results indicated that amorphous-phase TiO2-NPs were transformed into the anatase phase at 500 °C with a crystallite size of 40.9 nm and MIC of 100 mg/mL towards S. aureus (colony count reduction from 4.3 log10 to 1.01 log10). Whereas TiO2-NPs annealed at 400 °C demonstrated no bacterial reduction, TiO2-NPs annealed at 500 °C showed a moderate zone of inhibition of 6.33–6.83 mm towards Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Findings from this study found that TiO-500C nanocomposites concentration at 100 mg/mL is cytocompatible to the fibroblast cells lines with proliferation rate/activity higher than 116% after 24 h treatment. The plant-mediated nano-sized cubic and spherical anatase TiO2-NPs encapsulated bioactive green elements, such as carbon, sodium, magnesium, chlorine, potassium, calcium and sulphur, from the C. gigantea extract, ultimately leading to versatile and eco-friendly bactericidal agents with wound-healing properties. Further studies are necessary to support the findings of this work.