S2OSC: A Holistic Semi-Supervised Approach for Open Set Classification

Open set classification (OSC) tackles the problem of determining whether the data are in-class or out-of-class during inference, when only provided with a set of in-class examples at training time. Traditional OSC methods usually train discriminative or generative models with the owned in-class data, and then utilize the pre-trained models to classify test data directly. However, these methods always suffer from the embedding confusion problem, i.e., partial out-of-class instances are mixed with in-class ones of similar semantics, making it difficult to classify. To solve this problem, we unify semi-supervised learning to develop a novel OSC algorithm, S2OSC, which incorporates out-of-class instances filtering and model re-training in a transductive manner. In detail, given a pool of newly coming test data, S2OSC firstly filters the mostly distinct out-of-class instances using the pre-trained model, and annotates super-class for them. Then, S2OSC trains a holistic classification model by combing in-class and out-of-class labeled data with the remaining unlabeled test data in a semi-supervised paradigm. Furthermore, considering that data are usually in the streaming form in real applications, we extend S2OSC into an incremental update framework (I-S2OSC), and adopt a knowledge memory regularization to mitigate the catastrophic forgetting problem in incremental update. Despite the simplicity of proposed models, the experimental results show that S2OSC achieves state-of-the-art performance across a variety of OSC tasks, including 85.4% of F1 on CIFAR-10 with only 300 pseudo-labels. We also demonstrate how S2OSC can be expanded to incremental OSC setting effectively with streaming data.

Designing a Personalised Mobile Application to Improve Engagement With PFMT Therapy Amongst Women From Pregnancy To One Year After Delivery

<p>Women who are pregnant, or have given birth are at high risk of developing Pelvic Floor Disorder (PFD) due to the physical stress placed on the pelvic muscles during this time. When left untreated, PFD can cause symptoms such as incontinence, organ prolapse and pelvic pain in sufferers. Pelvic Floor Muscle Training (PFMT) is a highly effective means of treating and preventing symptoms of PFD. However, adherence rates to PFMT remain low. Amongst the biggest barriers to adherence are incorrect technique, lack of knowledge, memory, time, low motivation and stigma. As with the physical symptoms of PFD, these barriers impact sufferers in ways unique to each individual. Findings from the existing literature suggest that personalising the intervention to accommodate these varying factors may improve adherence. This study focuses on the development of a personalised mobile application to improve engagement with PFMT amongst women from pregnancy, up to one year after delivery. The goal of the application is to improve engagement with PFMT through addressing key barriers to adherence, and guiding correct performance of PFMT. An initial design criteria and five user personas were developed. The criteria and personas were used to develop prototypes, which were then user tested. The designs were then refined based on user feedback. Designs were also informed by feedback from interviews with clinicians and women. The results of this study indicate that a mobile application is an ineffective means of guiding PFMT technique. However the application proved effective in addressing the barrier of memory through the use of context based triggers. The integration of the Hooked model in the application design had a low to moderate effect on improving engagement with PFMT. Opportunities for a personalised design approach in the areas of instruction, facilitation of exercises and preferences for application features were identified.</p>

Designing a Personalised Mobile Application to Improve Engagement With PFMT Therapy Amongst Women From Pregnancy To One Year After Delivery

<p>Women who are pregnant, or have given birth are at high risk of developing Pelvic Floor Disorder (PFD) due to the physical stress placed on the pelvic muscles during this time. When left untreated, PFD can cause symptoms such as incontinence, organ prolapse and pelvic pain in sufferers. Pelvic Floor Muscle Training (PFMT) is a highly effective means of treating and preventing symptoms of PFD. However, adherence rates to PFMT remain low. Amongst the biggest barriers to adherence are incorrect technique, lack of knowledge, memory, time, low motivation and stigma. As with the physical symptoms of PFD, these barriers impact sufferers in ways unique to each individual. Findings from the existing literature suggest that personalising the intervention to accommodate these varying factors may improve adherence. This study focuses on the development of a personalised mobile application to improve engagement with PFMT amongst women from pregnancy, up to one year after delivery. The goal of the application is to improve engagement with PFMT through addressing key barriers to adherence, and guiding correct performance of PFMT. An initial design criteria and five user personas were developed. The criteria and personas were used to develop prototypes, which were then user tested. The designs were then refined based on user feedback. Designs were also informed by feedback from interviews with clinicians and women. The results of this study indicate that a mobile application is an ineffective means of guiding PFMT technique. However the application proved effective in addressing the barrier of memory through the use of context based triggers. The integration of the Hooked model in the application design had a low to moderate effect on improving engagement with PFMT. Opportunities for a personalised design approach in the areas of instruction, facilitation of exercises and preferences for application features were identified.</p>

Strictly Confidential Anthropology

Anthropological interest in secrecy and silence – and related aspects such as lying, knowledge, memory, and forgetting – has been long and precarious. Through what may be called personal anthropology, in this article, I describe both private and professional anthropological experiences including family memories, fieldwork sites, and academic practices. By recalling state socialist ideology, censorship, and family secrets, I illustrate how citizens have relied on each other in order to counter state hegemony. I highlight how surveillance in Romania expressly encouraged my informants as well as the secret police to engage in mutual intelligence and observation tactics as evasive tactics. Building on these strategies, I argue that academic life is not immune to secrecy, silence and covert action. I introduce an anthropologist who worked for the Hungarian secret police, and consider how academic life continues to rely on covert programs and an institutionalized hierarchy to promote and maintain its structures and interests.

Russian–German five-year-olds: What omissions in sentence repetition tell us about linguistic knowledge, memory skills and their interrelation

In error analyses using sentence repetition data, most authors focus on word types of omissions. The current study considers serial order in omission patterns independent of functional categories. Data was collected from Russian and German sentence repetition tasks performed by 53 five-year-old bilingual children. Number and positions of word omissions were analyzed. Serial order effects were found in both languages: medial errors made up the largest percentage of errors. Then, the position of omissions was compared to visuo-verbal n-back working memory and non-verbal visual forward short-term memory scores using stepwise hierarchical linear regression models, taking into account demographic variables and receptive language. The interaction differed between languages: there was a significant negative association between omissions in the medial position in German and the final position in Russian and the visuo-verbal n-back memory score. Our study contributes to the understanding of how working memory and language are intertwined in sentence repetition.

Independence-friendly logic without Henkin quantification

We analyze the expressive resources of $$\mathrm {IF}$$ IF logic that do not stem from Henkin (partially-ordered) quantification. When one restricts attention to regular $$\mathrm {IF}$$ IF sentences, this amounts to the study of the fragment of $$\mathrm {IF}$$ IF logic which is individuated by the game-theoretical property of action recall (AR). We prove that the fragment of prenex AR sentences can express all existential second-order properties. We then show that the same can be achieved in the non-prenex fragment of AR, by using “signalling by disjunction” instead of Henkin or signalling patterns. We also study irregular IF logic (in which requantification of variables is allowed) and analyze its correspondence to regular IF logic. By using new methods, we prove that the game-theoretical property of knowledge memory is a first-order syntactical constraint also for irregular sentences, and we identify another new first-order fragment. Finally we discover that irregular prefixes behave quite differently in finite and infinite models. In particular, we show that, over infinite structures, every irregular prefix is equivalent to a regular one; and we present an irregular prefix which is second order on finite models but collapses to a first-order prefix on infinite models.

Empirical Research of Oral English Teaching in Primary School Based on 4C/ID Model

4C/ID model is a typical model that it develops students' complex ability. The effectiveness of 4C/ID model is approved by many scholars of vocational education and higher education fields. This research takes interactive self-introduce skill training of primary school English as an example, and relevant experiments were carried out based on the instructional design of 4C/ID model for the need of developing complex skill in elementary education. Research shows that 4C/ID model can be applied to develop primary English complex skills. Compared to other traditional English teaching model, 4C/ID model is beneficial to improve pupils' oral English ability, improve self-directed learning ability and close the achievement gap of students and so on. However, the deficiency of 4C/ID model is that it cannot improve students’ learning goal skill and it cannot strengthen students’ knowledge memory and so on.

Library Review 1989–2017: publication and citation statistics

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to provide a bibliometric review of the journal Library Review (LR) from 1989 until its relaunch in 2018 as global knowledge, memory and communication. Design/methodology/approach Bibliometric analysis of 1,084 articles published in LR in the period 1989–2017. Findings Authors from 69 different countries have published in the journal, with Scotland providing the largest single contribution in terms of authors and institutions. Articles in the journal have been extensively cited, with the citations coming not only from the core library and information science literature but also from journals in a very broad range of disciplines. Originality/value This paper extends previous work on articles published in the journal and provides the first detailed study of citations to those published articles.

La Etnoeducación como Posicionamiento Político e Identitario del Pueblo Afroecuatoriano por Rocio Vera Santos

RESUMENLa presente reseña es un resumen crítico sobre el artículo académico La etnoeducación como posicionamiento político e identitario del pueblo afroecuatoriano, de Rocío Vera Santos. Un texto científico que dilucida a través de una investigación de corte cualitativo y una puesta teórica postcolonial y decolonial el proceso de consolidación y ejecución del proyecto de etnoeducación afroecuatoriana. Se trata de un proyecto político, epistemológico y educativo que se viene gestando en las últimas tres décadas, y con el cual el movimiento social afroecuatoriano se posesionan frente al Estado; intentando subvertir el legado de la colonización, mediante estrategias, practicas pedagógicas e iniciativas autónomas que revitalizan y rescatan los saberes ancestrales, la memoria y la tradición oral. El objetivo de esta propuesta de educación étnica busca el fortalecimiento de la identidad, la reparación histórica y sostener la lucha antirracista.Etnoeducación afroecuatoriana. Identidad. Políticas de representación. Saberes ancestrales. Movimiento social afroecuatoriano. RESUMOEsta revisão é um resumo crítico do artigo acadêmico a etnoeducação como posição política e identitária do povo afro-equatoriano, de Rocío Vera Santos. Um texto científico que elucida por meio de uma investigação qualitativa e de uma configuração teórica pós-colonial e descolonial o processo de consolidação e execução do projeto de etnoeducação afro-equatoriana. É um projeto político, epistemológico e educacional que vem se desenvolvendo nas últimas três décadas, e com o qual o movimento social afro-equatoriano se posesiona diante do Estado; tentando subverter o legado da colonização, por meio de estratégias, práticas pedagógicas e iniciativas autônomas que revitalizam e resgatam saberes ancestrais, memória e tradição oral. O objetivo desta proposta de educação étnica busca fortalecer a identidade, reconstruir a história e sustentar a luta anti-racista. Etnoeducação afro-equatoriana. Identidade. Políticas de representação. Saberes ancestrais. Movimento social afro-equatoriano.ABSTRACTThis review is a critical summary of the academic article Ethno-education as a political and identity position of the Afro-Ecuadorian people, by Rocío Vera Santos. A scientific text that elucidates through a qualitative investigation and a postcolonial and decolonial theoretical setting the process of consolidation and execution of the Afro-Ecuadorian ethno-education project. It is a political, epistemological and educational project that has been developing in the last three decades, and with which the Afro-Ecuadorian social movement takes possession in front of the State; trying to subvert the legacy of colonization, through strategies, pedagogical practices and autonomous initiatives that revitalize and rescue ancestral knowledge, memory and oral tradition. The objective of this ethnic education proposal seeks to strengthen identity, historical reparation and sustain the anti-racist struggle.Afro-Ecuadorian ethno-education. Identity. politics of representation. Ancestral knowledge. Afro-Ecuadorian social movement.SOMMARIOQuesta recensione è una sintesi critica dell'articolo accademico Etnoeducazione come posizione politica e identitaria del popolo afro-ecuadoriano, di Rocío Vera Santos. Un testo scientifico che delucida attraverso un'indagine qualitativa e una impostazione teorica postcoloniale e decoloniale il processo di consolidamento ed esecuzione del progetto etno-educativo afro-ecuadoriano. È un progetto politico, epistemologico ed educativo che si è andato sviluppando negli ultimi tre decenni, e di cui il movimento sociale afro-ecuadoriano si impadronisce di fronte allo Stato; cercando di sovvertire l'eredità della colonizzazione, attraverso strategie, pratiche pedagogiche e iniziative autonome che rivitalizzano e salvano la conoscenza ancestrale, la memoria e la tradizione orale. L'obiettivo di questa proposta di educazione etnica cerca di rafforzare l'identità, la riparazione storica e sostenere la lotta antirazzista.Etnoeducazione afro-ecuadoriana, identità, politica di rappresentanza, saperi ancestrali, movimento sociale afro-ecuadoriano.