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Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (23) ◽  
pp. 8112
Author(s):  
Etiele G. Morais ◽  
Nathana L. Cristofoli ◽  
Inês B. Maia ◽  
Tânia Magina ◽  
Paulo R. Cerqueira ◽  
...  

Wastewater (WW) treatment using microalgae has become a growing trend due the economic and environmental benefits of the process. As microalgae need CO2, nitrogen, and phosphorus to grow, they remove these potential pollutants from wastewaters, making them able to replace energetically expensive treatment steps in conventional WW treatment. Unlike traditional sludge, biomass can be used to produce biofuels, biofertilizers, high value chemicals, and even next-generation growth media for “organically” grown microalgal biomass targeting zero-waste policies and contributing to a more sustainable circular bioeconomy. The main challenge in this technology is the techno-economic feasibility of the system. Alternatives such as the isolation of novel strains, the use of native consortia, and the design of new bioreactors have been studied to overcome this and aid the scale-up of microalgal systems. This review focuses on the treatment of urban, industrial, and agricultural wastewaters by microalgae and their ability to not only remove, but also promote the reuse, of those pollutants. Opportunities and future prospects are discussed, including the upgrading of the produced biomass into valuable compounds, mainly biofuels.


2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nenad V Pavlović ◽  
Jelena Mladenović ◽  
Vladeta Stevović ◽  
Ljiljana Bošković-Rakočević ◽  
Đorđe Moravčević ◽  
...  

The demand for organic food is rising since consumers want food from reliable, highest quality sources originating from the environment, undisturbed by cultivation and processing. It is necessary to determine to what extent there is a scientific basis for the claims that organic food is of high quality. In this study, beetroot from an organic production system originating from 6 certified organic food producers from different geographic locations was examined. The organic beetroot samples were processed by pasteurization at 700 C and 900 C into beet juice or by drying at 550 C. The following samples were tested and compared: fresh beetroot, pasteurized beet juice and dried beetroot slices. The concentration of vitamin C, level of total phenol compounds (TPC) and antioxidative activity (TAA) in beetroot were influenced by the geographic origin and the applied processing method. The highest degradation for all analysed parameters was found in the samples treated by drying or pasteurisation at 90ºC. The lowest losses of studied phytochemical components were observed during juice pasteurisation at 700C. The correlation coefficient between TPC and TAA was high and significant (r2 = 0.966).


Foods ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 2475
Author(s):  
Klaudia Kopczyńska ◽  
Dominika Średnicka-Tober ◽  
Ewelina Hallmann ◽  
Jacek Wilczak ◽  
Grażyna Wasiak-Zys ◽  
...  

Organic agriculture is considered one of the elements of sustainable food production and consumption, mainly due to its limited impact on the natural environment. At the same time, the quality features of organically produced foods, especially sensory attributes and health promoting values, are important factors determining consumers’ interest, and therefore play a key role in the organic sector’s development. The aim of this study was to investigate the sensory characteristics and concentrations of sugars and selected health-promoting bioactive compounds of organic courgette compared to conventionally grown courgette. In addition, untargeted metabolomic analysis of the courgette fruits was performed. The results of this study did not show a significant effect of the horticultural system (organic vs. conventional) on the concentrations of vitamin C, carotenoids, and chlorophylls in the courgette fruits. However, the fruits from the organic systems were significantly richer in sugars when compared to the conventionally cultivated ones (p = 0.038). Moreover, the organic fruits fertilized with manure contained significantly higher amounts of polyphenols, including gallic acid (p = 0.016), chlorogenic acid (p = 0.012), ferulic acid (p = 0.019), and quercetin-3-O-rutinoside (p = 0.020) compared to the conventional fruits. The untargeted analysis detected features significantly differentiating courgette fruits depending on the cultivar and horticultural system. Some significant differences in sensory values were also identified between fruits representing the two cultivars and coming from the horticultural systems compared in the study. Conventional courgettes were characterized by the most intensive peel color and aquosity, but at the same time were the least hard and firm compared to the fruits from the two organic systems. There was also a trend towards higher overall quality of the organically grown fruits. The presented study shows that the organic and conventional courgette fruits differ in a number of quality features which can influence consumers’ health and purchasing choices.


Separations ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (10) ◽  
pp. 167
Author(s):  
Ana Matin ◽  
Ivan Pavkov ◽  
Mateja Grubor ◽  
Vanja Jurišić ◽  
Mislav Kontek ◽  
...  

The most important process in immortelle is the extraction of the essential oil by distillation. The chemical properties of the plant depend largely on the cultivation type, climatic conditions and agrotechnical measures. In this work, studies were carried out on organically grown and wild immortelle harvested during the summer (July) and autumn (October) seasons of 2020. Immortelle samples were prepared by drying naturally in two ways: in direct sunlight and in shade. To extract the essential oil, immortelle was distilled in two ways: on an industrial and a laboratory scale. The essential oil was analyzed by gas chromatography to determine the composition and quality of the essential oil. The results of this work showed that the qualitative properties of the essential oil were influenced by the cultivation type, harvesting time, preparation method and distillation method. A higher yield (0.21% ± 0.03) of essential oil was obtained from wild immortelle whereas a better utilization rate (0.38% ± 0.09) of essential oil was obtained from the organically grown immortelle. It was also found that a higher yield of essential oil was obtained from the summer harvest (0.19% ± 0.01) and a higher utilization rate from the autumn harvest (0.33% ± 0.13) with the industrial scale distillation and shade drying. In general, better qualitative properties of immortelle essential oil were obtained from wild immortelle, which was confirmed by a chromatographic analysis and better content of γ-curcumene (16.64% ± 0.30) and neryl acetate (8.15% ± 0.19) and other constituents except α-pinene where organically grown had a higher share (24.27% ± 0.97).


2021 ◽  
Vol 883 (1) ◽  
pp. 012087
Author(s):  
S Boonraeng ◽  
N Punyoyai

Abstract This research aimed to improve soil fertility with soil amendment, prepared from agro-industrial waste, and application of antagonistic bacteria for controlling bacterial wilt disease. The experiments were tested on sandy-to-sandy loam soil with low organic matter and nutrients for planting eggplants. Besides the soil improvement with spent mushroom waste and mango peel mixed kernel, the results showed that soil pH, soil organic matter, nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium increased as available levels. Also, two species of bacterial antagonist named Bacillus subtilis and B. amyloliquifaciens were cultured and mixed in liquid biofertilizer. It was spiked for soil preparation before planting and during crop growth every week, which was affected by eggplant survival from bacterial wilt by 100% and 97% in plot and field-tested, respectively. The results from testing on sandy loam with the use of liquid biofertilizer three times/week showed that Ralstonia solanacearum in soil suppressed to the reduction of 1,000-10,000 times. The yield increased by 25.9%. The optimum harvesting time was 12-15 days of fruit growth with the antioxidant activity. Finally, this study has excellent potential to be extended for farmers who organically grown.


2021 ◽  
Vol 67 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Milutin MISIMOVIC ◽  
Nada ZAVISIC ◽  
Mirjana ZABIC ◽  
Zoran MALICEVIC
Keyword(s):  

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (18) ◽  
pp. 5496
Author(s):  
Ethan B. Russo ◽  
Jeremy Plumb ◽  
Venetia L. Whiteley

Despite its use by humans for thousands of years, the technology of cannabis usage and extraction is still evolving. Given that the primary pharmacological compounds of interest are cannabinoid and terpenoids found in greatest abundance in capitate glandular trichomes of unfertilized female inflorescences, it is surprising that older techniques of hashish making have received less technological advancement. The purpose of this study was to employ organically grown cannabis and to isolate pure trichomes from freshly picked flowers via exposure to vapor from solid CO2, commonly known as “dry ice”, followed by their isolation via sifting through a 150 µ screens while maintaining the cold chain. Biochemical analysis was undertaken on fresh flower, frozen-sifted flower by-products, treated trichomes (Kryo-Kief™), dried flower, dried sifted flower by-product and dried kief. The dry ice process successfully concentrated cannabinoid content as high as 60.7%, with corresponding concentration and preservation of monoterpenoids encountered in fresh flower that are usually lost during the conventional cannabis drying and curing process. The resulting dried sifted flower by-product after dry ice processing remains a usable commodity. This approach may be of interest to pharmaceutical companies and supplement producers pursuing cannabis-based medicine development with an eye toward full synergy of ingredients harnessing the entourage effect.


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