institutional architecture
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2022 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cihad Hammy ◽  
Thomas Jeffrey Miley

This essay addresses two related questions raised by the editors of the research topic for “Beyond the Frontiers of Political Science: Is Good Governance Possible in Cataclysmic Times?” In particular, it explores: 1) how we can identify new tools and perspectives from which to address the multiple and mutually reinforcing problems accumulating around climate change; and 2) what institutional alternatives to the nation-state need to be created and empowered to tackle such complex problems. It does so through an in-depth treatment of the paradigm of “social ecology” and the associated political project of “democratic confederalism.” It begins with an overview of the argument, first advanced by Murray Bookchin and subsequently adopted and adapted by the imprisoned Kurdish leader Abdullah Öcalan, that building an ecological society requires an assault on hierarchy in all its forms, and the construction of alternative, direct-democratic institutions capable of transcending the system of the capitalist nation-state. It sketches the institutional architecture of popular assemblies central to this project, both emphasizing their potential to contest capitalist social-property relations and hierarchies intrinsic to the nation-state and pointing out some sources of resilience of the existing system. It hones in on the experience of the revolutionary forces in control of the Autonomous Administration of North East Syria (AANES), who have been directly inspired by Öcalan’s ideas. It highlights both the AANES’s achievements as well as the significant obstacles it has encountered in the attempt to bring into being a radically-egalitarian, ecological society. It concludes by drawing lessons from these difficulties.


Mathematics ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 166
Author(s):  
Gonzalo A. Ruz ◽  
Pablo A. Henríquez ◽  
Aldo Mascareño

Constitutional processes are a cornerstone of modern democracies. Whether revolutionary or institutionally organized, they establish the core values of social order and determine the institutional architecture that governs social life. Constitutional processes are themselves evolutionary practices of mutual learning in which actors, regardless of their initial political positions, continuously interact with each other, demonstrating differences and making alliances regarding different topics. In this article, we develop Tree Augmented Naive Bayes (TAN) classifiers to model the behavior of constituent agents. According to the nature of the constituent dynamics, weights are learned by the model from the data using an evolution strategy to obtain a good classification performance. For our analysis, we used the constituent agents’ communications on Twitter during the installation period of the Constitutional Convention (July–October 2021). In order to differentiate political positions (left, center, right), we applied the developed algorithm to obtain the scores of 882 ballots cast in the first stage of the convention (4 July to 29 September 2021). Then, we used k-means to identify three clusters containing right-wing, center, and left-wing positions. Experimental results obtained using the three constructed datasets showed that using alternative weight values in the TAN construction procedure, inferred by an evolution strategy, yielded improvements in the classification accuracy measured in the test sets compared to the results of the TAN constructed with conditional mutual information, as well as other Bayesian network classifier construction approaches. Additionally, our results may help us to better understand political behavior in constitutional processes and to improve the accuracy of TAN classifiers applied to social, real-world data.


Author(s):  
Johanna A. Pacyga

The archaeology of missionization in colonial Senegambia is a nascent area of study within the broader historical archaeology of colonialism that explores the historical processes of evangelization and conversion as they were experienced by Senegambian converts. Senegambia was a prominent target of Catholic and Protestant missionaries throughout the 19th and 20th centuries. Archaeology is a uniquely situated discipline for expanding our understanding of missionization beyond the historical and anthropological perspectives because—through its focus on material remains—it uncovers the experience of proselytization and conversion from the ground up by illuminating the daily lives of mission residents who are often underrepresented in archival sources: African converts themselves, including women and children. The archaeology of missionization exposes lines of evidence that have left behind a robust footprint of religious and institutional architecture, landscape elements, and material culture accessible through archaeological survey and excavation. Furthermore, missionization was deeply rooted in the materiality of everyday life, so it is not simply because mission sites exist that they should be excavated, but because missionaries widely considered material practices to be integral to the broader conversion process. The archaeology of missionization interrogates the relationship between the theory and practice of evangelization during the period of colonization, and reveals the lived experience of religious conversion among Senegambian mission residents, both neophytes and those who did not embrace Christianity.


2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Shannon Wellington

<p>The development of new technology has created a catalyst for escalating amounts of integrative practice between cultural heritage institutions such as galleries, libraries, archives and museums (GLAMs). While discussion centres on collaborative or convergent practice in a digital milieu, there is minimal critical analysis of integrative models of operation in our physical GLAM environments. The increasing development of buildings designed to house collectively our galleries, libraries, archives and museums creates challenges and opportunities for the participating entities. Resource rationalisation, tourism ventures, community engagement and technological determinism are often the embedded drivers for the expansion of these new institutional forms. While the development of these institutions increases, there is a dearth of research considering the implications of these models on the participating entities. How do the gallery, library, archive and museum domains transcend institutional silos to build GLAMour?  Through a theoretical framework of organisational symbolism, this interdisciplinary research explores the agency afforded to socio-cultural constructs in challenging the epistemological distinctions drawn between GLAM entities in a physical operating environment. By examining the symbolic points of intersection and integration in integrated memory institutions, this thesis addresses how the participating entities negotiate knowledge across GLAM domain boundaries to build and maintain a 'culture of convergence'.  Data analysed from three New Zealand case studies shows how areas of intersection and integration manifest in the collections, identity, organisational infrastructure and institutional architecture of these models. These areas of intersection and integration recursively support and negate the development of a convergent GLAM culture. The depth of integration in the cases studied varied widely over the institutions‘ life cycle. Issues relating to differences in back of house functions, preservation management for individual collection formats, the use and appropriation of space, as well as entity worldviews also heavily influenced the development of a convergent culture.  This thesis argues that in building GLAMour there is a tipping point, which, when reached, falls beyond the advantages of cohesiveness and collective representation to a point where integrity and scholarship are impeded. Moreover, integration works best as a layered concept, with the levels and types of integration being dependent upon, and responsive to, each unique operating environment. In theorising the data drawn from the cases, maintaining the integrity of the individual GLAM paradigms whilst looking for opportunities to build integrative layers on top of core GLAM functions has emerged as a constructive approach to the development of future joined-up models of operation.  This thesis concludes that the theorised pathways towards convergence between the GLAM domains are not definitive, but rather are a fluid and dynamic process. This is a process that adapts over space/time and is recursively reflected in, and influenced by, the architecture, people, programming, services and unique integrative ethos present in individually integrated memory institutions.</p>


2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Shannon Wellington

<p>The development of new technology has created a catalyst for escalating amounts of integrative practice between cultural heritage institutions such as galleries, libraries, archives and museums (GLAMs). While discussion centres on collaborative or convergent practice in a digital milieu, there is minimal critical analysis of integrative models of operation in our physical GLAM environments. The increasing development of buildings designed to house collectively our galleries, libraries, archives and museums creates challenges and opportunities for the participating entities. Resource rationalisation, tourism ventures, community engagement and technological determinism are often the embedded drivers for the expansion of these new institutional forms. While the development of these institutions increases, there is a dearth of research considering the implications of these models on the participating entities. How do the gallery, library, archive and museum domains transcend institutional silos to build GLAMour?  Through a theoretical framework of organisational symbolism, this interdisciplinary research explores the agency afforded to socio-cultural constructs in challenging the epistemological distinctions drawn between GLAM entities in a physical operating environment. By examining the symbolic points of intersection and integration in integrated memory institutions, this thesis addresses how the participating entities negotiate knowledge across GLAM domain boundaries to build and maintain a 'culture of convergence'.  Data analysed from three New Zealand case studies shows how areas of intersection and integration manifest in the collections, identity, organisational infrastructure and institutional architecture of these models. These areas of intersection and integration recursively support and negate the development of a convergent GLAM culture. The depth of integration in the cases studied varied widely over the institutions‘ life cycle. Issues relating to differences in back of house functions, preservation management for individual collection formats, the use and appropriation of space, as well as entity worldviews also heavily influenced the development of a convergent culture.  This thesis argues that in building GLAMour there is a tipping point, which, when reached, falls beyond the advantages of cohesiveness and collective representation to a point where integrity and scholarship are impeded. Moreover, integration works best as a layered concept, with the levels and types of integration being dependent upon, and responsive to, each unique operating environment. In theorising the data drawn from the cases, maintaining the integrity of the individual GLAM paradigms whilst looking for opportunities to build integrative layers on top of core GLAM functions has emerged as a constructive approach to the development of future joined-up models of operation.  This thesis concludes that the theorised pathways towards convergence between the GLAM domains are not definitive, but rather are a fluid and dynamic process. This is a process that adapts over space/time and is recursively reflected in, and influenced by, the architecture, people, programming, services and unique integrative ethos present in individually integrated memory institutions.</p>


2021 ◽  
Vol 78 (3) ◽  
pp. 88-106
Author(s):  
T. I. Artomova ◽  

The paper reveals that the formation of the information society at the turn of the century with a focus on a network economy marked the beginning of the economic relations and laws system global modification. This modification is due primarily to the latest technological changes and innovations in information and communication. However, in its profound nature, it has a value character and is associated with the need for a thorough understanding of the new socio-economic picture of the world. The traditional interpretation of this situation does not meet public expectations about progressive, creative development possibilities. Public dissatisfaction with globalisation is growing. Phenomena of socio-economic instability (turbulence) and uncertainty undermine the civilisational foundations of the social economy, create several global challenges and threats. It is shown that an adequate guideline for successful management is to ensure balanced social development through the development of a holistic institutional architecture, which operates under the laws of effective economic equilibrium. Economic theory is designed to substantiate the laws of operation and the principles of building the institutional architecture of management. At the same time, modern economics remains traditional, while the correct answer to the global social demand must be given by relativistic economics, which can form the socio-economic foundations of the phenomenon of relativity. It is determined that the concept of the institute as a transformed form of economic value (economic good, the only one in the triple definition of marginal utility, value, and price) is an adequate basis for building relativistic economics, methodological source of creative knowledge and formation of the latest holistic picture of the world. It is noted that the tools of value economic analysis (in particular, the model of general economic equilibrium) were formed in the depths of classical political economy, but today it needs to be updated. It is established that the methodological restoration of economics as a valuable source of a positive relativistic understanding of the latest world picture is an essential agenda for further creative research to determine the principles of building an economy of trust forerunner of the institutional architecture. The basis of such an economy is a public sector model focusing on the market of public goods, which harmonises the system of public interests, processes of self-organisation and organisation in the economy, thus contributing to the formation of effective mechanisms for stabilising social development.


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