soil application
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2024 ◽  
Vol 84 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. M. Alenazi ◽  
M. M. Khandaker

Abstract Responses of three tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) hybrids viz. 'Luanova', 'Savarona' and 'Tessera' to various doses (0, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5 and 2.0 g L-1) of soil application of humic acid (HA) were evaluated in terms of plant growth, productivity and quality of fruits, under greenhouse conditions, during 2011-12 and 2012-13. In addition to improved quality characteristics, higher values for yield and yield components were recorded for tomato fruits harvested from plants of 'Tessera' cultivar compared to those harvested from other hybrids tested, regardless of growing seasons. Plants from 'Luanova' cultivar were, however, earlier in fruiting with higher number of fruits per plant. Soil application of HA presented positive effects on yield and physicochemical quality of tomato fruits irrespective of the dose of HA and the cultivar investigated, in both seasons. Soil application of HA at higher dose 1.5 g L-1 exhibited better results in all the three tomato cultivars tested, in terms of their vegetative and reproductive growth, and significantly improved the physicochemical quality of their fruits. Conclusively, the tomato hybrid 'Tessera' was found suitable for cultivation under greenhouse conditions while soil application of aqueous solution of HA @ 1.5 g L-1 substantially resulted in higher production of quality tomato fruits.


2022 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Oumar Sacko ◽  
Nancy L. Engle ◽  
Timothy J. Tschaplinski ◽  
Sandeep Kumar ◽  
James Weifu Lee

Abstract Background Biochar ozonization was previously shown to dramatically increase its cation exchange capacity, thus improving its nutrient retention capacity. The potential soil application of ozonized biochar warrants the need for a toxicity study that investigates its effects on microorganisms. Results In the study presented here, we found that the filtrates collected from ozonized pine 400 biochar and ozonized rogue biochar did not have any inhibitory effects on the soil environmental bacteria Pseudomonas putida, even at high dissolved organic carbon (DOC) concentrations of 300 ppm. However, the growth of Synechococcus elongatus PCC 7942 was inhibited by the ozonized biochar filtrates at DOC concentrations greater than 75 ppm. Further tests showed the presence of some potential inhibitory compounds (terephthalic acid and p-toluic acid) in the filtrate of non-ozonized pine 400 biochar; these compounds were greatly reduced upon wet-ozonization of the biochar material. Nutrient detection tests also showed that dry-ozonization of rogue biochar enhanced the availability of nitrate and phosphate in its filtrate, a property that may be desirable for soil application. Conclusion Ozonized biochar substances can support soil environmental bacterium Pseudomonas putida growth, since ozonization detoxifies the potential inhibitory aromatic molecules. Graphical Abstract


Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 68
Author(s):  
Mariusz Stepaniuk ◽  
Aleksandra Głowacka

The objective of this study was to assess the yield efficiency of sulphur-enhanced fertilisers, depending on the dose and application method, in a short-lived (three-year) monoculture of winter oilseed rape under the climate and soil conditions of south-eastern Poland. The experiment was carried out between 2010 and 2013 on winter oilseed rape (Brassica napus L. var. napus) of the Orlando variety, fertilised with different sulphur doses—0, 20, 40 or 60 kg S ha−1 applied in different method—soil application sowing, foliar application in the spring, and soil application sowing + foliar application in the spring (combined application). Following the harvest, seed and straw yields and the content of macroelements (N, S, P, K, Ca and Mg) in the seed and straw samples were determined. The harvest indices were also established for each of these elements. The impact of sulphur on winter oilseed rape yield depended significantly on both the dose and the application method. Even at the lowest dose (20 kg·ha−1), sulphur materially increased seed yield, regardless of the application method. With autumn soil application and foliar application, differences between the lowest dose and the higher doses (40 and 60 kg·ha−1) were not significant. However, with combined application, the highest dose (60 kg·ha−1) significantly increased yield compared to the lower doses. In general, all the fertilisation approaches significantly increased the N, P, K, Ca and Mg contents compared to the control sample, but the differences between them were not substantial. Each of the sulphur application approaches decreased the harvest index for sulphur. The foliar application of each of the doses decreased the harvest indices for N, P, K and Ca. The soil application of 20 kg·ha−1, and the mixed application of 40 and 60 kg·ha−1, all increased the harvest indices for P, K and Ca.


Author(s):  
P. T. Sharavanan ◽  
V. K. Satya ◽  
M. Rajesh

Root rot of mung bean [Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek var. radiata] is major disease and claims huge yield loss if they occur in the field. The pathogen is basically soil borne and survivability may vary depends on soil condition. The fungicide chemicals are available to manage the disease; however, the biocontrol agents are nowadays available for the disease management and the microbial activity of the biocontrol agents is influenced by existing soil condition including soil pH. Hence, a study was conducted to find out the halo tolerance capacity of the biocontrol agents against root rot disease in salt affected soils under in vitro, in vivo and field condition. The root rot pathogen Macrophomina phaseolina was isolated from infected root. Efficacy of biocontrol agents against growth of M. phaseolina was assessed in vitro. The results revealed that TNAU strain of Bacillus subtilis reduced the mycelial growth of the M. phaseolina significantly when media supplemented with NaCl at 5% (1.4 cm), 7.5% (1.5 cm), 10% (1.6cm) and 12.5% (1.6 cm) and without NaCl (1.2 cm) and similar trend of reduction also expressed by BCA1 strain of B. subtilis, Pseudomonas fluorescens and Trichoderma viride under in vitro. The performance of the biocontrol agents against the pathogen is slightly reduced when media supplemented with NaCl. The reduction of mycelia weight of M.phaeolina was more in media added with TNAU strain of B.subtilis and the performance of TNAU strain of B.subtilis on reduction of mycelial weight of M.phaseolina is reduced when the broth added with NaCl at 5% (3.15g), 7.5% (3.25g), 10% (3.32g) and 12.5%(3.65g) level and which is followed by P. fluorescens, BCA 1 strain of B. subtilis and Trichoderma viride. Under pot culture conditions, the effect of talc formulated biocontrol agents and challenge inoculation with pathogen was assessed against root rot incidence. It was found that the soil application of TNAU strain of B.subtilis performed better in reducing the root rot incidence at pH of 7.0 (2.37%), 7.5 (4.50%), 8.0 (5.53%) and 8.7 (6.57%) and followed by BCA 1 of B.subtilis in all pH level. Among the biocontrol agents, TNAU strain of B.subtilis applied as seed as well as soil application expressed more population in the rhizosphere in all pH level. The biocontrol agents applied as soil application had more populations of the agents in the soil when compared to seed treatment. The halo tolerance performance of the biocontrol agents was also assessed under field condition in pH of 7.5 and 8.7 during 2019-20 and 2020-21. It was found that the minimum root rot incidence and maximum yield was observed from soil application of TNAU strain of B subtilis at 2.5 kg/ha but the effect is on par with soil application of BCA1 strain of B.subtilis at 2.5 kg/ha.


Author(s):  
P. Chandana ◽  
K. R. Latha ◽  
C. R. Chinnamuthu ◽  
P. Malarvizhi ◽  
A. Lakshmanan

A field experiment was conducted during spring 2020-21 at Wetland farms of Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore to study the effect of foliar Nanonutrients (N, Zn and Cu) application on the yield and nutrient uptake by rice at harvest. Twelve treatments with three replications were laid out in randomized complete block design. The results revealed that application of 100% NPK + Nano N at active tillering (T3) and 75% N + 100% PK + Nano N at active tillering (T4) increased the grain yield (5112 and 5063 kg ha-1) and N uptake (106.48 and 89.51 kg ha-1) of rice, respectively and was on par with 100% NPK + Nano Zn at active tillering and panicle emergence (T10). However, significantly higher Zn and Cu uptake were recorded in 100% NPK + Nano Zn at active tillering and panicle emergence (T10, 457.61 g ha-1) and 100% NPK + Nano Cu at active tillering and panicle emergence (T12, 92.36 g ha-1), respectively which was followed by 100% NPK + Nano N at active tillering (T3, 372.45 and 81.51 g ha-1) and 75% N + 100% PK + Nano N at active tillering (T4, 355.41 and 84.13 g ha-1). Thus, it can be concluded that application of foliar Nano N at active tillering along with soil application of either 100% NPK or 75% N + 100% PK can provide better results in terms of grain yield and nutrient uptake.


Author(s):  
Monika Peddapuli ◽  
B. Venkateswarlu ◽  
V. Sai Surya Gowthami

A field experiment was performed at Agricultural College, Bapatla, ANGRAU, Guntur during kharif season of 2020 to evaluate the efficacy of zinc nutrition on quality, yield and economics of sweetcorn. Experiment was carried out in Randomized Block Design and comprising of nine treatments with three replications. The results disclosed that application of recommended dose of fertilizers along with soil application of 10 kg ha-1 Zn EDTA + two foliar sprays of nano zinc @ 250 ppm at 20 & 40 DAS registered remarkably higher protein content (12.98%) and zinc content (34.59 ppm) in kernel which was considered to be superior over the remaining zinc management practices tried. Also, highest green cob (12,638 kg ha-1), green fodder (19,674 kg ha-1), stover yield (7,590 kg ha-1) and gross returns (₹ 1,93,360 ha-1) was recorded from the treatment with soil application of Zn EDTA @ 10 kg ha-1 + two foliar sprays of nano zinc @ 250 ppm at 20 & 40 DAS along with RDF over control. However, highest net returns (₹ 1,38,664 ha-1) and benefit cost ratio (2.74) was recorded with RDF + ZnSO4 @ 25 kg ha-1 (Soil) + Nano ZnO @ 250 ppm at 20 and 40 DAS (Foliar spray). The effectiveness of Zn EDTA compared to ZnSO4 is responsible for the higher quality parameters and yield of sweetcorn but due to its higher cost, Net returns and B;C ratio are maximum for the plots treated with ZnSO4 making it more economically viable.


Author(s):  
V. R. Senthamizhkumaran ◽  
P. Santhy ◽  
D. Selvi ◽  
T. Kalaiselvi ◽  
K. G. Sabarinathan

To study the impact of vermicompost, arbuscular mycorrhizae and FYM application on the rice ecosystem at low land, a field experiment was conducted with rice CO(R) 51 at the Department of Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University in Coimbatore during the winter of 2020. The experiment was framed in Randomized Block Design comprising of 8 treatments viz., Recommended Dose of Fertilizer Soil Test Crop Response approach (T1), RDF 75 % + Farm Yard Manure @ 12.5 t ha-1 (T2), T2 + Seed treatment with Azospirillum and Phosphobacteria + Soil application of AM fungi (T3), RDF 75 % + Vermicompost @ 5 t ha-1 (T4), T4 + Seed treatment with Azospirillum and Phosphobacteria + Soil application of AM fungi (T5), FYM @ 12.5 t ha-1 + Seed treatment with Azospirillum and Phosphobacteria + Soil application of AM fungi (T6), Vermicompost @ 5 t ha-1+ Seed treatment with Azospirillum and Phosphobacteria + Soil application of AM fungi (T7) and Absolute control (T8) and replicated thrice. The maximum microbial population were registered in the plots that received integrated nutrient application of RDF 75 % STCR approach + Vermicompost 5 t ha-1 + seed treatment with Azospirillum and Phosphobacteria + Soil application of AM fungi. Rice root architecture has changed significantly as a result of mycorrhizal inoculation. Mycorrhizal rice plants have more root volume, length, and spread than plants without mycorrhizae. Nutrient retention and availability influenced the presence of microbial-mediated metabolic activities and nutrient transformations during crop growth. Bacteria, fungus, and actinomycetes became less abundant as the crop reached harvest. The population density of mycorrhizospheres that utilize both organic and inorganic fertilizers is higher. The treatments that received Vermicompost or FYM with Vesicular Arbuscular Mycorrhizae and Nitrogen, Phosphorous & Potassium fertilizers obtained the highest yields of rice grain and straw (6740 and 7840 kg ha-1) respectively, and it was clear that the combination of Vermicompost or FYM, VAM and along with NPK fertilizers produced significantly higher yields than their individual applications and absolute control.


Kultivasi ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
BETTY NATALIE FITRIATIN

Upaya meningkatkan unsur hara nitrogen dan fosfor tanah secara berkelanjutan adalah dengan pemanfaatan agen hayati bakteri penambat N dan bakteri pelarut P. Percobaan pot yang bertujuan untuk menentukan teknik aplikasi pupuk hayati dalam meningkatkan kandungan dan serapan hara N, P  serta hasil tanaman jagung pada Inceptisols Jatinangor dilaksanakan di Lahan Percobaan Laboratorium Kesuburan Tanah dan Nutrisi Tanaman Fakultas Pertanian Universitas Padjadjaran. Pupuk hayati yang digunakan merupakan konsorsium bakteri penambat N (Azotobacter chroococcum, Azospirillum sp.) dan bakteri pelarut P (Pseudomonas malei dan Bacillus subtillis)  . Percobaan menggunakan Rancangan Acak Kelompok (RAK) dengan sembilan perlakuan dan tiga ulangan. Perlakuan terdiri atas kontrol, aplikasi pupuk hayati pada benih (seed treatment) dengan dosis 500 g dan 250 g ha-1, aplikasi di tanah (soil  application) dengan dosis 50 kg dan 25 kg ha-1, dan kombinasinya. Hasil percobaan menunjukkan bahwa teknik aplikasi pada benih, pada tanah dan kombinasinya meningkatkan serapan N dan P serta hasil tanaman jagung. Perlakuan pupuk hayati pada benih  500 g ha-1  + pada tanah 50 kg ha-1 merupakan perlakuan terbaik dalam meningkatkan serapan N sebesar 51% dan serapan P hingga 90% dibandingkan kontrol. Perlakuan pada benih 250 g ha-1  + pada tanah 25 kg ha-1 merupakan perlakuan terbaik dalam meningkatkan hasil sebesar 56% (213,40 g). Teknik aplikasi pupuk hayati yang efisien dapat digunakan untuk meningkatkan produksi tanaman 


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