Effect of nitrogen, phosphate and potassium fertilization on dystrophic soil on the content of secondary metabolites in Hydrocotyle umbellata L. var. bonariensis (Lam.) Spreng

The knowledge of medicinal plants is of great importance for popular health. On the other hand, the levels of secondary metabolites in medicinal plants is an important parameter to be evaluated. The study of the nutrition of plants and the production of metabolites can provide the identification of beneficial factors and also find out if there are harmful effects of this fertilization/nutrition. In this study, three experiments were carried out (nitrogen, phosphate and potassium fertilization) in the culture of Hydrocotyle umbellata L. var. bonariensis (Lam.) Spreng on dystrophic Red Latosol on metabolite production (total phenols, total flavonoids and hibalactone content). It was used the soil of a rural property in the municipality of Anápolis – Goiás (Brazil). The experimental design was completely randomized, in a controlled environment. The experiment involved the following dosages of fertilization: nitrogen (0; 30; 45; 60 e 75 kg of N.ha-1); phosphate (0; 120; 150; 180 e 210 kg of P2O5.ha-1) and potassium (0; 25; 50; 75 e 100 kg of K2O.ha-1). The maximum contents of total phenols were with the medium level of nitrogen, zero level of phosphorous and highest level of potassium. For the total flavonoid, the maximum contents were obtained with the medium levels of nitrogen and potassium and zero level of phosphorus. Finally, the hibalactone content was favored by highest level of nitrogen and zero levels of phosphorus and potassium.

Design of new structure of multilevel inverter based on modified absolute sinusoidal PWM technique

The advantage of multilevel inverters is to produce high output voltage values with distortion as minimum as possible. To reduce total harmonic distortion (THD) and get an output voltage with different step levels using less power electronics switching devices, 15-level inverter is designed in this paper. Single-phase 11-switches with zero-level (ZL) and none-zero-level (NZL) inverter based on modified absolute sinusoidal pulse width modulation (MASPWM) technique is designed, modelled and built by MATLAB/Simulink. Simulation results explained that, multilevel inverter with NZL gives distortion percent less than that with ZL voltage. The THD of the inverter output voltage and current of ZL are 4% and 1%, while with NZL is 3.6% and 0.84%, respectively. These results explain the effectiveness of the suggested power circuit and MASPWM controller to get the required voltage with low THD.

ANALISIS SALURAN PEMASARAN KERIPIK GADUNG (Dioscorea hispida L.) PADA USAHA HOME INDUSTRY DUA PUTRA JAYA DI KABUPATEN JOMBANG

This study aims to determine the form of marketing channels, marketing margins, share of the price received by producers and marketing efficiency of gadung chips in the "Dua Putra Jaya" home industry in Jombang Regency. This study uses a quantitative descriptive method. Determination of sampling is done purposively. Respondents include producers, retailers, collectors, and consumers. Data were obtained from direct observation in the field through interviews, distributing questionnaires and tracing. The results showed that the marketing channel for Gadung chips "Dua Putra Jaya" consists of three marketing channels, namely; zero-level channels consist of producers (consumers, Level 1 channels consist of producers( retailers (consumers; Level 2 marketing channels consist of producers( collectors( retailers( consumers. The total margin on the zero level channel is non existent, the level 1 marketing channel is IDR 20,000 and the level 2 marketing channel is IDR 20,000. The share of the price received by on the zero level channel does not exist, the price share on the level 1 channel is 75%; while the channel level 2 is 55.5%. There is no efficiency value in the zero level marketing channel, the marketing channel level 1 is 31.6% and the marketing channel level 2 is 35.5%, so that it can be seen that the marketing channel in channel one is more efficient because of the marketing costs incurred in channel one. less first.

APPLYING M-ESTIMATES TO DEFINE START VALUE OF EXPONENTIAL AVERAGE IN BRAUN’S FORECAST MODEL OF ZERO LEVEL

В экономическом прогнозировании коротких временных рядов часто применяется модель Брауна нулевого порядка. К одной из проблем использования этой модели на первых шагах прогнозирования относится оценка начального значения экспоненциальной средней. Как правило, в качестве такой оценки используется простое среднее арифметическое значение первых уровней ряда, которое является неустойчивой статистической оценкой. Поэтому в данном исследовании предложено для оценки начального значения экспоненциальной средней использовать робастные М-оценки Тьюки, Хампеля, Хьюбера и Эндрюса. Цель исследования заключается в определении целесообразности применения М-оценок для определения начального значения экспоненциальной средней в модели Брауна при прогнозировании коротких временных рядов экономических показателей. В результате проведенного экспериментального исследования установлено: а) к наиболее значимым факторам, влияющим на точность прогноза с использованием модели Брауна, относятся вид временного ряда, значение постоянной сглаживания, отбраковка аномальных уровней и вид весов; б) вид оценки начального значения экспоненциальной средней и число итераций при вычислении М-оценки являются менее значимыми факторами (в связи с этим обоснована целесообразность применения одношаговых М-оценок); в) на начальных шагах прогнозирования при ограниченном количестве уровней временного ряда, когда невозможно достоверно определить вид ряда и когда отсутствуют основания для отбраковки аномальных уровней, предпочтительнее использовать модель Брауна с весами Вейда и определять начальное значение экспоненциальной средней на основе одношаговых робастных М-оценок (в остальных случаях целесообразно применять простое среднее арифметическое значение). In economic forecasting of short-term time series Braun’s model of zero level is often applied. One of issues of usage of this model from the very beginning of forecasting is estimation of start value of exponential average. As usual, simple arithmetic mean of first levels of series, used as such estimate, is volatile statistical estimate. That’s why in this investigation it’s suggested to use Tukey’s, Hampel’s, Huber’s and Andrews’ robust M-estimates for estimation of start value of exponential average. Purpose of research is definition of reasonability of M-estimates application to define start value of exponential average in Braun’s model during forecasting of short-term time series of economic indicators. The results of conducted experimental research are as follows: a) the most important factors, that have significant impact on forecast accuracy with usage of Braun’s model, are type of time series, value of smoothing constant, removal of abnormal levels and type of weights; b) type of estimate of start value of exponential average and quantity of iterations in process of calculation of M-estimate are less significant factors; c) consequently, reasonability of usage of one-step M-estimates is justified; d) on the first steps of forecasting with limited quantity of levels of time series, when it’s impossible to define with certainty type of series and when there is no reasons for removal of abnormal levels, it’s preferable to use Braun’s model with Wade’s weights and define start value of exponential average based on one-step robust M-estimates (in other cases it’s better to use simple arithmetical mean).

Non-Integrability of the Kepler and the Two-Body Problems on the Heisenberg Group

The analog of the Kepler system defined on the Heisenberg group introduced by Montgomery and Shanbrom in [Fields Inst. Commun., Vol. 73, Springer, New York, 2015, 319-342, arXiv:1212.2713] is integrable on the zero level of the Hamiltonian. We show that in all other cases the system is not Liouville integrable due to the lack of additional meromorphic first integrals. We prove that the analog of the two-body problem on the Heisenberg group is not integrable in the Liouville sense.

On adequacy of parameters of strip cross-section profile. Part 2. Local thickenings and thinnings

At present, the cross-section profile of the rolled strip is characterized by geometrical parameters such as wedge, convex, difference of thickness, displacement of convex, and edge wedge. Some of these parameters are redundant. Techniques for calculating the values of these parameters are known and generally accepted. However, there are features of the cross-section profile of rolled strips, such as local thickenings/thinnings, the methods of calculating values of which are not common: practically every scientific school of rolling scientists or specialists of rolling production use their own techniques, which often produce different results for the same cross-section profiles. The problem of identifying and calculating the local thickenings/ thinnings parameters of the rolled strips cross-section profile is to define a so-called “zero level”, the excess/understatement of which is a sign of local thickenings/thinnings. The paper continues to analyze the accuracy and adequacy of the calculation of the cross-section profile parameters of rolled strips for local thickenings/thinnings. A new method based on statistical methods is proposed. The target function that the thickness distribution across the width of the rolled strip must correspond to is a symmetrical quadratic parabola. However, the actual distribution is always different from the target one for a number of reasons, such as ring wear of the work rolls. In the first step, in the proposed technique, the Walter-Shuhart procedure (control cards) eliminates as emissions of strip thickness values that are dramatically different from the target distribution. But since without excluding the nonlinear (parabolic) component of the measured cross-section profile this procedure cannot be applied, it applies to the first derivative of the cross- section profile thickness distribution function. To determine the “zero level,” after calculating the upper and lower limits of the allowed values of the first derivative, all thicknesses associated with these emissions were eliminated. The result of the repetitive process is a “zero level” according to which the local thickening/thinning parameters are calculated.

EFFECT OF FDT WITH CHLORINE E 6 (X- E 6) ON VIABILITY AND FUNCTIONAL ACTIVITY OF PERIPHERAL BLOOD’S LYMPHOCYTES

We expiremented with mice inoculated with intramuscularly embryocarcinoma and registered functional condition of T-lymphocytic link of cells of bone brain and spleen to the index of spontaneous and stimulated by mitogen (PHA) proliferation. Intact animals and the ones which we introduced with Chlorine e6 and keep in dark conditions have revealed the zero level of the indexes. But the animals being introduced with Chlorine e6 and activated with laser and light-emitting diode radiation have been notable for the index of mitogen (PHA) stimulation. It was established to 25% with the index of spontaneous proliferation remained on zero mark. Animals with embryocarcinoma after FDT with X-e6 with or without glycosamine show immunostimulating effect.

PAK Dalam Keluarga dan Lingkungan Pergaulan Siswa, Kontribusinya Terhadap Pembentukan Karakter

This study aims to determine how Christian Education (CE) in the family and social environment of students, and its contribution to the formation of student character. The place where the research was carried out was the private high school GKPI Padang Bulan Medan. The study population was 104 people, while the sample was 30 people. The instrument used for this research was a questionnaire. Based on the results of the study, it was found that there was a contribution of CE in the Family to Character Building at the zero level ry1 = 0.510, there was also a contribution between the Student Social Environment (X2) to the Character Building (Y) at the zero level ry2 = 0.411 and there was a joint contribution between CE in the Family and Social Environment of Students on the Formation of Student Character (1,293). Four characters are described as the character traits of Christianity, namely; Trust completely in God, Not vengeful, Happy to pray, Think rationally. Therefore, parents should continue to provide examples and teaching at home to help shape children's character. Teachers in schools are also to set an example in giving character examples to students.Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui bagaimana PAK dalam keluarga dan lingkungan pergaulan siswa memberi kontribusi terhadap pembentukan karakter siswa. Tempat penelitian dilakukan di SMA Swasta GKPI Padang Bulan Medan. Populasi penelitian sebanyak 104 orang sedangkan sampel sebanyak 30 orang. Instrumen yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah angket. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian ditemukan adanya kontribusi PAK dalam Keluarga terhadap Pembinaan Karakter pada tingkat nil ry1 = 0,510, terdapat pula kontribusi Lingkungan pergaulan Siswa (X2) terhadap Pembinaan Karakter. (Y) pada taraf nol ry2 = 0,411 dan ada kontribusi bersama PAK dalam Keluarga dan Lingkungan Sosial Siswa terhadap Pembentukan Karakter Siswa (1,293). Empat karakter yang digambarkan sebagai karakter agama Kristen, yaitu; Percaya sepenuhnya pada Tuhan, Tidak dendam, Senang berdoa, Berpikir rasional. Oleh karena itu, orang tua hendaknya terus memberikan teladan dan pengajaran di rumah untuk membantu membentuk karakter anak. Guru di sekolah juga harus memberi contoh dalam memberikan contoh karakter kepada siswa.