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Thorax ◽  
2022 ◽  
pp. thoraxjnl-2021-218168
Author(s):  
Ana Lucia Fuentes ◽  
Laura E Crotty Alexander
Keyword(s):  

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefanie Krug ◽  
Pankaj Prasad ◽  
Shiqi Xiao ◽  
Shichun Lun ◽  
Camilo A. Ruiz-Bedoya ◽  
...  

Tuberculosis (TB) is a devastating infectious disease that continues to cause millions of human deaths every year. Even though most cases of TB can be cured with a 6-month antibiotic combination therapy, these long treatment durations have led to the emergence of multi-drug resistance and pose a major hurdle to global TB control. Despite numerous advances in TB drug development, a substantially shortened treatment time has yet to be achieved. Given the rise in antibiotic resistance, an alternative strategy to the direct targeting of M. tuberculosis (M.tb) is the development of host-directed therapies (HDTs) that promote bacterial clearance and/or lung health when given adjunctive to standard TB antibiotics. We recently discovered that a small molecule inhibitor of the Integrated Stress Response (ISR), which is abnormally activated in TB and associated with the formation of necrotic granulomas, reduced M.tb numbers and lung inflammation in mice. Here, we evaluated the therapeutic potential of adjunctive ISR inhibition in the context of standard TB therapy. Throughout the course of treatment, ISR inhibition robustly lowered bacterial burdens compared to standard TB therapy alone and accelerated the time-to-sterility in mice, as demonstrated by significantly reduced relapse rates after 4 months of treatment. In addition, mice receiving adjunctive ISR inhibition tended to have reduced lung necrosis and inflammation. Together, our findings identify the ISR pathway as a promising therapeutic target with the potential of shortening TB treatment durations and improving lung health.


2022 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. e6-e7
Author(s):  
Jennifer M Wang ◽  
MeiLan K Han ◽  
Wassim W Labaki

2022 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. e63-e76 ◽  
Author(s):  
Evelyn A Brakema ◽  
Rianne M J J van der Kleij ◽  
Charlotte C Poot ◽  
Pham Le An ◽  
Marilena Anastasaki ◽  
...  

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andreina Bruno ◽  
Giuliana Ferrante ◽  
Serena Di Vincenzo ◽  
Elisabetta Pace ◽  
Stefania La Grutta

Leptin is a pleiotropic adipocytokine involved in several physiologic functions, with a known role in innate and adaptive immunity as well as in tissue homeostasis. Long- and short-isoforms of leptin receptors are widely expressed in many peripheral tissues and organs, such as the respiratory tract. Similar to leptin, microbiota affects the immune system and may interfere with lung health through the bidirectional crosstalk called the “gut-lung axis.” Obesity leads to impaired protective immunity and altered susceptibility to pulmonary infections, as those by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Although it is known that leptin and microbiota link metabolism and lung health, their role within the SARS-CoV2 coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) deserves further investigations. This review aimed to summarize the available evidence about: (i) the role of leptin in immune modulation; (ii) the role of gut microbiota within the gut-lung axis in modulating leptin sensitivity; and (iii) the role of leptin in the pathophysiology of COVID-19.


Lontara ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 57-68
Author(s):  
Nurbeti Salam ◽  
Bambang Ariyanto ◽  
Maharani Gayatri

Services in the field of radiology which are health support services also need to maintain and improve the quality of their services. Radiology is one of the supporting units of health services in establishing the diagnosis of a disease and also needs to maintain and improve the quality of services appropriately and safely, both for patients (users), radiographers (officers) and the community or the surrounding environment. This study aims to determine the quality of radiology services at the Center for Community Lung Health (BBKPM) Makassar. The method used is descriptive research with a quantitative approach. The population is all patients in the radiology installation of the Center for Community Lung Health (BBKPM) with a sample of 158 people. The results showed that the quality of radiology services in terms of timeliness was categorized as very high, namely 91.86%. The cost of Thorax photo examination services is relatively cheap and affordable and the service waiting time reaches a fairly high-quality value of 86.79%. The information aspect reached a high-quality value, namely 85.97%. The technical executor of the Thorax photo examination is carried out by a radiographer and the executor of the diagnostic results is a radiologist (radiology specialist) who has achieved a fairly high-quality score of 97.15%. Aspects of Human Relations have reached a fairly high-quality score of 87.00%. Environmental Aspects achieved a quality value of 97.57%. It is recommended that the Makassar BBKPM management provide a complaint box (suggestion box) in the radiology room to evaluate services.


2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 21
Author(s):  
Alifia Putri Karomah Budijarto ◽  
Mustika Ratnaningsih Purbowati ◽  
Refni Riyanto ◽  
Dyah Retnani Basuki

Pulmonary tuberculosis is a disease with a long duration of treatment and involves wide types of drugs which couldcause various adverse andharmful effects, then further could cause the risk of emotional changes such as anxiety. Therole of family support and education in reducing mortality, the escalating incidence rate of pulmonary TB in CentralJava Province, the unachieved target of successful TB treatment and also high rates of anxiety in TB patient, affirmthe necessity to conduct this research.To determine the effect of family support and education on the anxiety levelsamong pulmonary TB patients in BKPMPurwokerto.The type of this research is a quantitative study using a cross-sectional design. This research was conducted at the Purwokerto Community Lung Health Center with Spearman testas the hypothesis test used in the research.The analysis result shows the influence of family support on anxiety levelsobtained a p value <0.05 meanwhile  the influence of education on anxiety levels acquired a p value> 0.05.Familysupport could affect significantly while education could not significantly affect the anxiety levels in pulmonary TBpatients at BKPM Purwokerto


2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emma J. Derbyshire ◽  
Philip C. Calder
Keyword(s):  

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Abigail J. S. Armstrong ◽  
Veenat Parmar ◽  
Martin J. Blaser

AbstractThe oral microbiome has been connected with lung health and may be of significance in the progression of SARS-CoV-2 infection. Saliva-based SARS-CoV-2 tests provide the opportunity to leverage stored samples for assessing the oral microbiome. However, these collection kits have not been tested for their accuracy in measuring the oral microbiome. Saliva is highly enriched with human DNA and reducing it prior to shotgun sequencing may increase the depth of bacterial reads. We examined both the effect of saliva collection method and sequence processing on measurement of microbiome depth and diversity by 16S rRNA gene amplicon and shotgun metagenomics. We collected 56 samples from 22 subjects. Each subject provided saliva samples with and without preservative, and a subset provided a second set of samples the following day. 16S rRNA gene (V4) sequencing was performed on all samples, and shotgun metagenomics was performed on a subset of samples collected with preservative with and without human DNA depletion before sequencing. We observed that the beta diversity distances within subjects over time was smaller than between unrelated subjects, and distances within subjects were smaller in samples collected with preservative. Samples collected with preservative had higher alpha diversity measuring both richness and evenness. Human DNA depletion before extraction and shotgun sequencing yielded higher total and relative reads mapping to bacterial sequences. We conclude that collecting saliva with preservative may provide more consistent measures of the oral microbiome and depleting human DNA increases yield of bacterial sequences.


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