Endorsing Negative Intergroup Attitudes to Justify Failure To Confront Prejudice

While most people believe they would speak up against prejudice, many fail to do so. We identify a harmful consequence of such inaction through examining its impact on bystanders’ own prejudice. Across four studies in two countries (N=1003), using a behavioral paradigm and experimental pretest-posttest design, participants witnessed prejudice and discrimination against an outgroup minority (Jewish/Roma in Hungary, Muslim/Latinx in US). Drawing on self-justification theories, we predicted and found across studies 1-3, that those who had an opportunity but did not confront, endorsed more negative intergroup attitudes following the incident both compared to their own prior attitudes and to control groups, i.e., those who witnessed the same prejudice but had no opportunity to confront, and those who did not to confront different (non-intergroup) prejudice. In study 4, the proposed effect occurred only among those who initially valued confronting. We suggest that failure to speak up amplifies prejudice in society.

The Costs and Labour of Whistleblowing: Bodily Vulnerability and Post-disclosure Survival

Whistleblowers are a vital means of protecting society because they provide information about serious wrongdoing. And yet, people who speak up can suffer. Even so, debates on whistleblowing focus on compelling employees to come forward, often overlooking the risk involved. Theoretical understanding of whistleblowers’ post-disclosure experience is weak because tangible and material impacts are poorly understood due partly to a lack of empirical detail on the financial costs of speaking out. To address this, we present findings from a novel empirical study surveying whistleblowers. We demonstrate how whistleblowers who leave their role as a result of speaking out can lose both the financial and temporal resources necessary to redevelop their livelihoods post-disclosure. We also show how associated costs involving significant legal and health expenditure can rise. Based on these insights, our first contribution is to present a new conceptual framing of post-disclosure experiences, drawing on feminist theory, that emphasizes the bodily vulnerability of whistleblowers and their families. Our second contribution repositions whistleblowing as a form of labour defending against precarity, which involves new expenses, takes significant time, and often must be carried out with depleted income. Bringing forth the intersubjective aspect of the whistleblowing experience, our study shows how both the post-disclosure survival of whistleblowers, and their capacity to speak, depend on institutional supports or, in their absence, on personal networks. By reconceptualizing post-disclosure experiences in this way—as material, embodied and intersubjective—practical implications for whistleblower advocacy and policy emerge, alongside contributions to theoretical debates. Reversing typical formulations in business ethics, we turn extant debates on the ethical duty of employees to speak up against wrongdoing on their heads. We argue instead for a responsibility to protect whistleblowers exposed to vulnerability, a duty owed by those upon whose behalf they speak.

THE MEMORIZE-SPEAK UP-HABITUATION METHOD AS AN EFFORT TO IMPROVE THE MASTERY OF FOREIGN LANGUAGE SKILLS

This study aimed to analyze and examine the MSH (Memorize-Speak Up-Habituation) method on foreign language mastery skills, especially English. This research used a descriptive qualitative approach with case study research at the LIPs (Language Intensive Program of Boarding Junior High School of Nurul Jadid) Paiton, Probolinggo. The instruments used were observation, in-depth interviews, and documentation to support the completeness of the data. The data analysis technique was carried out through the stages of data collection, data reduction, data presentation, and conclusion of research results. The findings indicated that the MSH method was applied with the stages of Memorizing new vocabulary and pronunciation, Speak Up, or integrating the use of new vocabulary in speaking activities, and habituation of foreign language activities. This study shows the implication that with the MSH method, LIPs members can master 4 English skills (listening, writing, reading, and speaking) correctly even though it requires high discipline.Abstrak:Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis serta mengkaji penggunaan metode MSH (Memorize-Speak Up-Habituation) terhadap keterampilan penguasaan berbahasa asing, khususnya bahasa Inggris. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif deskriptif dengan jenis penelitian studi kasus di lembaga LIPs (Language Intensive Program of SMP Nurul Jadid) Paiton, Probolinggo. Instrumen dalam penelitian ini mengunakan observasi dan wawancara mendalam serta dokumentasi untuk mendukung kelengkapan data. Teknik analisis data pada penelitian ini dilakukan dengan tahap pengumpulan data, reduksi data, penyajian data, dan penyimpulan hasil penelitian. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa metode MSH diterapkan dengan tahapan Memorize (mengingat) kosakata baru serta pelafalannya; Speak Up (berbicara) atau mengintegrasikan penggunaan kosakata baru dalam kegiatan speaking (berbicara); dan Habituation (pembiasaan) kegiatan berbahasa asing. Penelitian ini menunjukkan implikasi bahwa dengan metode MSH, anggota LIPs dapat menguasai 4 kompetensi bahasa Inggris (listening, writing, reading, speaking) dengan tepat walau membutuhkan kedisiplinan tinggi.

Nationalist Backlash Against Foreign Climate Shaming

Should international pro-climate actors speak up against climate rogues, or do foreign critics risk igniting nationalist backlash against global environmental norms and institutions? We explore naming and shaming dynamics in global climate politics by fielding survey experiments to nationally representative samples in Brazil. Our results show that nationalism moderates public reactions to foreign climate shaming: individuals who are highly attached to their nation are more likely to reject international criticism than their lowly attached peers. Yet, we also find that nationalist publics express little support for virulent defiance against foreign critics. Our findings hold irrespective of the source of criticism and the nature of the critical message. These results sound a cautionary note on the belief that liberal internationalists should tread carefully so as not to unadvisedly unleash nationalist pushback. Foreign climate criticism may bump up against nationalist sentiment in climate rogues, but it will not necessarily fuel an all-out backlash against the global environmental regime.

Freedom of Expression in The Movie Spotlight as a Medium to Convey the Voices of Sexual Abuse Victims to the Public

Spotlight (2015, directed by Tom McCarthy) is a docudrama which told the story of the investigation of sexual assault of young boys in Catholic Church in Boston, United States of America. A group of four journalists from The Boston Globe, called Spotlight, specialized in investigation overlooked, forgotten cases, and one of the cases is the sexual assault cases that happened inside the Catholic Church. Although their journey to seek the truth has many challenges and problems, they helped a lot of abuse victims to have courage and speak up over the tragedy that happened to them. Spotlight's realistic expression on the narration was shown through the character's dialog, which contributed to the plot of the movie itself. The meaning of "Freedom of Expression" depicted in the movie Spotlight was to symbolize the struggle of the characters, which includes the journalists and the victims, to fight for their rights. Through this movie, McCarthy wanted to help more people who were victims to speak up about their traumatic abuse. Spotlight not only could be a technique of mental healing for victims, but also a media of advocacy for people to know, to inform and to communicate the negative aspects of victim blaming. Keywords: Freedom of expression, docudrama, sexual abuse, victim blaming, advocacy

Solidaritas Mendorong Keadilan Transformatif: Menjemput Pemulihan Bagi Korban Kekerasan Seksual

The slow ratification of the elimination of sexual violence draft law is evidence that the political system in Indonesia insensitive in responding to the issue of sexual violence victims. Meanwhile, the existing justice system has not been able to provide justice for sexual violence victims. That is why feminists formulate a justice that can meet the needs of sexual violence victims, which is called transformative justice. Transformative justice supported by community solidarity can bring about recovery for sexual violence victims to have courage to speak up and regain their destroyed self-esteem.

Enhancing intergroup communication in healthcare: The role of the receiver

This paper explores how the communication behaviour of another can have significant personal and professional impact and, in turn, put others in harm’s way. In healthcare, in a continual attempt to address known barriers to communication, such as fear, hierarchy and power differentials, significant human and financial resources are deployed to develop and teach new and existing methods of how to speak up. Despite the effort, speaking up remains difficult, and as a result, patients are still being harmed. The author’s personal story highlights the fact that maybe, until now, we have not been addressing the whole issue.

Using the ‘huddle’ to enhance interprofessional teamwork among nursing students through a podcast: a qualitative and exploratory pilot study

Background Interprofessional teamwork is crucial for fostering healthcare performance and for minimizing adverse events. The daily huddle is an important arena for interprofessional interaction and communication between nurses and physicians in hospitals. Although prevalence strongly rooted in clinical practice, the huddle does not seem to be a prioritized area in nursing education programs. Taking part in a huddle is traditionally something nursing students learn in their clinical studies. Therefore, there is need for learning tools that can provide nursing students with quality assured training that can improve their preparation for interprofessional teamwork and strengthen the link between the educational institution and the field of practice. In this study, we have developed and tested a podcast to increase nursing students’ competence in interprofessional teamwork when participating in huddles. The aim of the pilot study was to explore nursing students’ experiences with utilizing a huddle-focused podcast as a learning tool during their clinical practice studies in the hospital. Method This qualitative and exploratory pilot study used focus group interviews. Eleven third-year nursing students who had listened to the podcast during their practical studies at a medical hospital ward were included. The interviews were subjected to content analysis. Result The analysis identified four categories that resonated across all participants in the focus group interviews: 1. understanding one’s own role in the huddle; 2. being encouraged to speak up; 3. using the huddle as a flexible learning tool; and 4. being authentic but not always realistic. Conclusion Findings indicate that the huddle-focused podcast seems to be valuable for nursing students learning about interprofessional teamwork. The podcast seemed especially useful in helping the students to understand their own role and to speak up in the huddle meetings. The positive experiences with the flexibility of the podcast learning tool are promising for use in other educational settings.