Renaming Citizenship

As the world is becoming more and more digitalized with technology, the focus on the issue of identity and citizenship in the context of public sphere evolves into a new (digital) sphere. Defined briefly as an ability to participate online society, digital citizenship is also seen as a disparity in access to computers and the internet among different layers of social entities. Starting from its roots, this study presents a comprehensive and detailed account of citizenship with its altered and diversified forms up to now. The larger focus of the study centers around the evolutionary process of digital citizenship with all its aspects involved.

Relationship between Psychoticism and Creativity

Historically, creativity has been linked to mad geniuses. Different research studies explored the relationship between personality traits and creativity. Therefore, the aim of this study was to examine that whether there is a relationship between psychoticism and creativity. A cross sectional quantitative research design was employed to recruit online 200 university students from June 2020 to July 2020. Psychoticism sub scale of Eysenck Personality Questionnaire-revised short version (EPQRS) and Kaufman Domains of Creativity Scale (K-DOCS) were introduced to participants after obtaining an informed consent via Google Docx. Data were analyzed by using SPSS v.23. Descriptive statistics, Pearson correlation and independent sample t-test were the main statistical tools used in this study. There was found a non-significant negative correlation between psychoticism and creativity. The level of psychoticism and creativity was significantly different in married and non-married participants. Psychoticism is viewed as a risk factor for developing psychosis (especially bipolar disorder and schizophrenia), criminality and psychopathy on negative extreme and linked to creativity on the positive extreme. Therefore, it will be helpful to eliminate the stigmatization attached to psychoticism personality trait by focusing on its positive extreme both for individual and social entities.

Foundations of the Socio-Physical Model of Activities (SOMA) for Autonomous Robotic Agents1

In this paper, we present foundations of the Socio-physical Model of Activities (SOMA). SOMA represents both the physical as well as the social context of everyday activities. Such tasks seem to be trivial for humans, however, they pose severe problems for artificial agents. For starters, a natural language command requesting something will leave many pieces of information necessary for performing the task unspecified. Humans can solve such problems fast as we reduce the search space by recourse to prior knowledge such as a connected collection of plans that describe how certain goals can be achieved at various levels of abstraction. Rather than enumerating fine-grained physical contexts SOMA sets out to include socially constructed knowledge about the functions of actions to achieve a variety of goals or the roles objects can play in a given situation. As the human cognition system is capable of generalizing experiences into abstract knowledge pieces applicable to novel situations, we argue that both physical and social context need be modeled to tackle these challenges in a general manner. The central contribution of this work, therefore, lies in a comprehensive model connecting physical and social entities, that enables flexibility of executions by the robotic agents via symbolic reasoning with the model. This is, by and large, facilitated by the link between the physical and social context in SOMA where relationships are established between occurrences and generalizations of them, which has been demonstrated in several use cases in the domain of everyday activites that validate SOMA.

Participatory Action Research and Participatory Evaluation. Analysis of Two Methodological Approaches to Promote Youth Agency and Participation

Participatory action research and participatory evaluation are two approaches used to involve people in public affairs, fostering the shared construction of knowledge. Recent decades have seen an increase in the involvement of agents in public activity, a trend that is also evident among young people. Experiences based on youth participatory action research and participatory youth evaluation are discussed in the literature. The main aim of this article is to define these two methodological approaches, and discuss: the role played by agents, the functions implemented, and the main stages. To this end, we have used a systematic documentary analysis of databases and specialist journals between 2010-2021. The results produce a map of internationally published articles regarding participatory action research and participatory youth evaluation. Secondly, a check-list is provided of the two methodological approaches to youth participation; this compiles the functions of the agents involved and the stages involved in both approaches. The article aims to be of use to public administrations and social entities with decision-making powers over actions that favour the involvement of young people in public affairs.

All the King’s Horses and all the King’s Men: International anti-corruption discourse, political economy analysis and assemblage theory

<p>Corruption emerged as a key issue area in international relations and development in the 1990s. However, efforts to control corruption have, to date, been relatively unsuccessful. This has prompted international organisations, like the World Bank, to acknowledge that corruption is a political issue as much as it is an economic one. This shift has led to an increasing use of political economy analysis to inform the anticorruption and governance reform operations of international organisations. This thesis examines political economy analysis as a feature of the expertise housed in the World Bank. It argues that because anti-corruption and governance expertise is essential to the legitimate authority of the organisation, there are risks to that authority if World Bank experts are unable to provide more than highly conventional recommendations for tackling corruption in developing countries. Commentators on development practice have suggested that integrating concepts from complexity science into political economy analysis and adopting an “upside-down” approach to development might be useful to help generate new ideas for controlling corruption. However, this thesis argues that in order to do so, it is necessary to address the philosophical implications of complexity science for mainstream anti-corruption discourse, which is dominated by the positivist assumptions of neo-classical economics. To this end, the thesis argues that Manuel DeLanda’s assemblage theory offers a social ontology in which the relevance of complexity science concepts for social analysis can be developed, and a way of thinking that emphasises how social entities emerge from “the bottom up” without reducing causal explanations to individual human beings and their interests. Social networks, institutional organisations, and cities are examples of social assemblages, real emergent entities with causal power in the world. Mapping social assemblages in political economy analysis, and understanding the relations between social entities and different spatial scales, may reveal new ways of addressing corruption and the intensification of elite domination it enables.</p>

All the King’s Horses and all the King’s Men: International anti-corruption discourse, political economy analysis and assemblage theory

<p>Corruption emerged as a key issue area in international relations and development in the 1990s. However, efforts to control corruption have, to date, been relatively unsuccessful. This has prompted international organisations, like the World Bank, to acknowledge that corruption is a political issue as much as it is an economic one. This shift has led to an increasing use of political economy analysis to inform the anticorruption and governance reform operations of international organisations. This thesis examines political economy analysis as a feature of the expertise housed in the World Bank. It argues that because anti-corruption and governance expertise is essential to the legitimate authority of the organisation, there are risks to that authority if World Bank experts are unable to provide more than highly conventional recommendations for tackling corruption in developing countries. Commentators on development practice have suggested that integrating concepts from complexity science into political economy analysis and adopting an “upside-down” approach to development might be useful to help generate new ideas for controlling corruption. However, this thesis argues that in order to do so, it is necessary to address the philosophical implications of complexity science for mainstream anti-corruption discourse, which is dominated by the positivist assumptions of neo-classical economics. To this end, the thesis argues that Manuel DeLanda’s assemblage theory offers a social ontology in which the relevance of complexity science concepts for social analysis can be developed, and a way of thinking that emphasises how social entities emerge from “the bottom up” without reducing causal explanations to individual human beings and their interests. Social networks, institutional organisations, and cities are examples of social assemblages, real emergent entities with causal power in the world. Mapping social assemblages in political economy analysis, and understanding the relations between social entities and different spatial scales, may reveal new ways of addressing corruption and the intensification of elite domination it enables.</p>

Pension investment and pension capital as the objects of institutional analysis

This article examines the formation of institutional characteristics of pension investment of the Russian society. The goal lies in substantiation of feasibility of application of the institutional approach to relatively new elements of the Russian pension system &ndash; pension investment and formation of pension capital. The author observes the current social inquiry for the development of institutional practices of pension investment. The process of establishment of the institution of pension investment entail the manifestation of such aspects as: sources of the formation of institutions, sustainability, absence of violent fluctuations, share of the institutional norms by all its members, etc. Using the method of standardized mass survey within the framework of quantitative paradigm, the author carried out the applied sociological research, which involved the working-age population. The novelty of this work lies in the attempt of institutional determination of the new social institutions: pension investment and pension capital; classification of the &ldquo;pension issue&rdquo; into a separate field of sociological knowledge. The acquired results indicate the emergence of social groups that are ready for sustainable pension investment practices, as well as certain population groups that demonstrate nihilism in this regard. It is stated that the declared institutional approach is relevant to sphere of pension investment; however, the formation of sustainable social entities requires the legitimate conditions for including more extensive groups into the processes of formation of pension capital. The presented materials can be valuable for the dealing with similar social issues, used in lectures on the topic, as well as by government representatives of all levels.

Intersubjectivity and Embodiment in the Field of Psychotherapy

"Intersubjectivity is one of the most important concepts of the phenomenological school of thought. The approach assumes that our being in the world is based on relations with Others. The idea has a central role not only in the philosophy of perception but in psy-sciences as well. Mostly all branches of psychology agree that the self is constituted by its relations. However, there is much less consensus on how decisive these relations are. Therefore, the question of intersubjectivity has become the question of how we perceive human beings: as biological or social entities. Psy-sciences have never had one coherent and consensual paradigm, although nowadays the natural scientific standards are the most prevailing in the field, which prioritizes biological explanations over socio-cultural aspects. The study attempts to connect the phenomenological approach to intersubjectivity to the psychological approach to embodiment. For this, first, it elaborates on an essential problem of psy-sciences, transmitted by classical philosophy, namely the mind-body dualism, which implicitly establishes the current paradigm. Then, it aims to describe how the phenomenological approach, especially the philosophy of Maurice Merleau-Ponty, could dissolve the classical dualism through the assumption of the body-mind-world unity. Merleau-Ponty was one of those thinkers of the 20th century who laid down the foundations of the scientific paradigm of embodiment. Afterward, I illustrate the phenomenological concept above through Ben Rumble’s psychological approach, which applies the embodiment paradigm for the therapeutic process as a professional. The final part of the study attempts to establish a relation between the psychological attitude based on embodiment and the psychoanalytic theory of Sándor Ferenczi, the Hungarian psychoanalyst. Keywords: embodiment, intersubjectivity, psychoteraphy, phenomenology, psychoanalysis, critical psychology, Sándor Ferenczi "

The Employment Ecosystem of Bizkaia as an Emerging Common in the Face of the Impact of COVID-19

In the context of the impact of COVID-19 pandemic in Bizkaia (Basque Country, Spain), and from the renewed Commons paradigm, this research analyzes the initial response given by the region’s employment ecosystem. Based on extensive quantitative and qualitative methods, it empirically explores the catalytic role that local public and social entities could play in coordinating an organized and systemic response of the employment-related stakeholders to an external impact, such as the current pandemic. The study of databases specifically provided by the Public Administrations for this research, in combination with two survey processes conducted to the main agents of the ecosystem, led to a greater understanding of the benefits of an organized and systemic reaction. From the community identification of a priori unrecognized impacts by individual actors to the proposal of actions closely connected to their short and long-term needs, the article finally presents recommendations aimed at strengthening the resilience and collaboration of the collective action.

ARTISTIC AND PHILOSOPHICAL UNDERSTANDING OF THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE STATE AND THE PERSON IN OSSETIAN LITERATURE

Человек и государство тесно взаимосвязаны. Антропологическая ориентация государства развивается исторически. Само государство зародилось на заре политической истории человечества, в эпоху рабовладения или в феодальном обществе, как у алан-осетин, и тогда же формируется первый этап взаимосвязей человека и государства. Процесс становления социально-исторических связей человека и государства на первом этапе обусловлен своеобразием формирующегося государства. Оно состояло из двух социальных образований: из господствующих классов и из низших слоев. Соответственно отношение государства к ним было разное. Государство отстаивало социально-политический статус господствующего класса, чьи интересы оно и обслуживало, утверждая позиции данного класса. В целом государство так или иначе регулировало отношения между людьми. Новый этап во взаимосвязях человека и государства начался в эпоху капитализма, со становлением товарно-денежных отношений. Обусловлен он был объективными обстоятельствами жизни осетин, когда существенно изменились общественное бытие и общественное сознание. Изменился и человек, субъект общественной жизни. Если в эпоху феодализма государство составляли господствующие и зависимые субъекты, то в XIX в. на арену истории вышел класс буржуазии, появилась интеллигенция, вышедшая не только из буржуазии, но и из низших слоев. Данное обстоятельство существенно меняло, обогащало функции государства, и предъявляло к нему определенные требования. Скажем, требование быть политическим по характеру, т.е. решать политические задачи и обращать внимание на каждого человека, гражданина. По-другому сказывались отношения между человеком и государством в советскую эпоху. С одной стороны, целью своей оно ставило всестороннее и гармоничное развитие советского человека, с другой, – во всех сферах жизни укреплялось жесткое партийное руководство. В результате происходили серьезные трансформации во взаимоотношениях человека и государства. Значительно активизировались процессы демократизации общественно-политической жизни, что в итоге привело к распаду Советского государства. Осетинская литература, верная своему родовому свойству отражать правдиво социальную действительность, реалистически раскрыла все этапы становления взаимосвязей человека и государства. Person and state are closely interconnected. The anthropological orientation of the state develops historically. The state itself arose at the dawn of the political history of mankind, in the era of slavery or in a feudal society, like among the Alan-Ossetians, and at the same time the first stage of the relationship between man and the state was formed. The process of the formation of socio-historical ties between a person and the state at the first stage is due to the originality of the emerging state. It consisted of two social entities: the ruling classes and the lower strata. Accordingly, the attitude of the state towards them was different. The state defended the socio-political status of the ruling class, whose interests it served, asserting the position of this class. In general, the state somehow regulated relations between people. A new stage in the relationship between man and state began in the era of capitalism, with the formation of commodity-money relations. It was conditioned by the objective circumstances of the life of the Ossetians, when social life and social consciousness changed significantly. The person, the subject of social life, has also changed. If in the era of feudalism the state was made up of dominant and dependent subjects, then in the 19th century the bourgeois class entered the arena of history, an intelligentsia appeared, emerging not only from the bourgeoisie, but also from the lower strata. This circumstance significantly changed, enriched the functions of the state, and made certain demands on it. Let's say the requirement to be political in nature, i.e. solve political problems and pay attention to every person, citizen. The relationship between man and state in the Soviet era had a different effect. On the one hand, it set its goal the all-round and harmonious development of Soviet people, on the other hand, tough party leadership was strengthened in all spheres of life. As a result, serious transformations took place in the relationship between a person and the state. The processes of democratization of social and political life became much more active, which ultimately led to the collapse of the Soviet state. Ossetian literature, true to its generic property to reflect truthfully social reality, realistically revealed all the stages of the formation of the relationship between man and state. Ключевые слова: государство, человек, осетинская литература, роман, повесть, рассказ, герой, характер.