parasitic worms
Recently Published Documents


TOTAL DOCUMENTS

323
(FIVE YEARS 77)

H-INDEX

31
(FIVE YEARS 4)

2022 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Myrna J. M. Bunte ◽  
Arjen Schots ◽  
Jan E. Kammenga ◽  
Ruud H. P. Wilbers

Helminths are parasitic worms that have successfully co-evolved with their host immune system to sustain long-term infections. Their successful parasitism is mainly facilitated by modulation of the host immune system via the release of excretory-secretory (ES) products covered with glycan motifs such as Lewis X, fucosylated LDN, phosphorylcholine and tyvelose. Evidence is accumulating that these glycans play key roles in different aspects of helminth infection including interactions with immune cells for recognition and evasion of host defences. Moreover, antigenic properties of glycans can be exploited for improving the efficacy of anti-helminthic vaccines. Here, we illustrate that glycans have the potential to open new avenues for the development of novel biopharmaceuticals and effective vaccines based on helminth glycoproteins.


Biomolecules ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 85
Author(s):  
Johannes Helm ◽  
Lena Hirtler ◽  
Friedrich Altmann

The brain N-glycome is known to be crucial for many biological functions, including its involvement in neuronal diseases. Although large structural studies of brain N-glycans were recently carried out, a comprehensive isomer-specific structural analysis has still not been achieved, as indicated by the recent discovery of novel structures with galactosylated bisecting GlcNAc. Here, we present a detailed, isomer-specific analysis of the human brain N-glycome based on standardized porous graphitic carbon (PGC)-LC-MS/MS. To achieve this goal, we biosynthesized glycans with substitutions typically occurring in the brain N-glycome and acquired their normalized retention times. Comparison of these values with the standardized retention times of neutral and desialylated N-glycan fractions of the human brain led to unambiguous isomer specific assignment of most major peaks. Profound differences in the glycan structures between naturally neutral and desialylated glycans were found. The neutral and sialylated N-glycans derive from diverging biosynthetic pathways and are biosynthetically finished end products, rather than just partially processed intermediates. The focus on structural glycomics defined the structure of human brain N-glycans, amongst these are HNK-1 containing glycans, a bisecting sialyl-lactose and structures with fucose and N-acetylgalactosamine on the same arm, the so-called LDNF epitope often associated with parasitic worms.


2022 ◽  
pp. 1738-1764
Author(s):  
Ahmed Khadra

Fecal peril caused by intestinal parasites is commonly reported to be causing health problems in the world. Furthermore, global climate change is inevitable. The purpose of this chapter is to examine the health effects of climate change. Water shortage contribute to increase the pressure on regional water resources and force a greater number of people to use urban wastewater as an alternative for irrigation. Therefore, unsafe management and inappropriate wastewater use in urban agriculture is likely to be responsible of exacerbating the transmission of infectious diseases, including those caused by intestinal protozoa and helminths parasitic worms. It should be taken into account that waterborne diseases are influencedby climate change. The frequency and severity of intertwined extreme weather events driven by climate change are occurring worldwide and likely to cause epidemics of waterborne gastroenteritis. The association found between both rainfall, river flooding, and the majority of waterborne disease outbreaks was frequently proved to be preceded by climatic change events.


2021 ◽  
Vol 58 (4) ◽  
pp. 403-407
Author(s):  
N. Y. Bárcenas de los Santos ◽  
F. N. Morales-Serna ◽  
R. M. Medina-Guerrero ◽  
V. Hernández-Covarrubias ◽  
A. Oceguera-Figueroa ◽  
...  

Summary From January to May 2015, a sample of 50 individuals of the Pacific sierra Scomberomorus sierra Jordan and Starks, 1895 captured off Mazatlán (southeastern Gulf of California, Mexico) were reviewed for helminths. A total of 6, 255 parasitic worms belonging to 11 species (9 in adult stage and 2 larvae) were obtained. Trematoda was the best represented group with 6 species of Didymozoidae Monticelli, 1888 and 1 of Bucephalidae Poche, 1907. In addition, 2 monogenean species and 2 of Nematoda were collected. In this study, the first molecular sequences for didymozoid species in Mexico were generated, and for Glomeritrema sp. at worldwide level. The most prevalent species were Didymocylindrus sp. (92 %) and Didymocystis scomberomori (MacCallum & MacCallum, 1916) (88 %), whereas the monogenean Thoracocotyle crocea MacCallum, 1913 reached the highest value of mean intensity (75.2). The coincidence between the helminthological composition established in our study and that reported for the same scombrid in 4 localities from the Mexican South Pacific (sharing 10 species) suggests that this group of species persistently parasitize S. sierra throughout its distribution along the Mexican Pacific coast; furthermore, due to the richness of didymozoids and the affinity of Thoracocotylidae species for S. sierra, both groups can be considered typical parasites of this fi sh.


PeerJ ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. e12258
Author(s):  
Jason Pugh ◽  
Lisbeth Guethlein ◽  
Peter Parham

Killer Immunoglobulin-like Receptors (KIR) comprise a diverse, highly polymorphic family of cell-surface glycoproteins that are principally expressed by Natural Killer (NK) cells. These innate immune lymphocytes fulfill vital functions in human reproduction and immune responses to viral infection. KIR3DL2 is an inhibitory NK cell receptor that recognizes a common epitope of the HLA-A3 and HLA-A11 class I glycoproteins of the major histocompatibility complex. KIR3DL2 also binds exogenous DNA containing the CpG motif. This interaction causes internalization of the KIR-DNA. Exogenous CpG-DNA typically activates NK cells, but the specificity of KIR3DL2-DNA binding and internalization is unclear. We hypothesized that KIR3DL2 binds exogenous DNA in a sequence-specific manner that differentiates pathogen DNA from self-DNA. In testing this hypothesis, we surveyed octameric CpG-DNA sequences in the human genome, and in reference genomes of all bacteria, fungi, viruses, and parasites, with focus on medically relevant species. Among all pathogens, the nucleotides flanking CpG motifs in the genomes of parasitic worms that infect humans are most divergent from those in the human genome. We cultured KIR3DL2+NKL cells with the commonest CpG-DNA sequences in either human or pathogen genomes. DNA uptake was negatively correlated with the most common CpG-DNA sequences in the human genome. These CpG-DNA sequences induced inhibitory signaling in KIR3DL2+NKL cells. In contrast, KIR3DL2+NKL cells lysed more malignant targets and produced more IFNγ after culture with CpG-DNA sequences prevalent in parasitic worms. By applying functional immunology to evolutionary genomics, we conclude that KIR3DL2 allows NK cells to differentiate self-DNA from pathogen DNA.


2021 ◽  
Vol 25 (11) ◽  
pp. 1142-1147
Author(s):  
F. K. Permyakov

In the light of modern teachings, parasitic worms are considered not only as causative agents of helminthic diseases, very diverse in etiology and clinical course, but to a large extent also as the primary source of very frequent infectious diseases, as inoculators of microbial flora, as a factor that acts with its poisonous properties on the body, disrupting normal organ function and predisposing it to other diseases and to severe disease. With the development of most infectious diseases, the first role belongs to worms, and the second to bacteria; the course and death of the disease should be considered as the result of the combined destructive work of both. One should not be hypnotized by germs only (Cadeak).


2021 ◽  
pp. 225-250
Author(s):  
Nooshin Bagherani ◽  
Uwe Wollina ◽  
Negin Bagherani ◽  
Nourchène Toukabri ◽  
Asmahane Souissi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 188-194
Author(s):  
Subakir Salnus ◽  
Dzikra Arwie ◽  
Zulfian Armah

Helminthiasis is a worm infestation caused by several different species of intestinal parasitic worms. This group of worms belongs to the category of Soil Transmitted Helminth (STH) because the process of developing eggs or larvae of these species requires soil to develop into an infective form. The simplest method of examining intestinal nematode worm eggs is the Native Method using 2% Eosin reagent in observing various elements of the examination on the preparations/preparations. Eosin itself has properties that are not easily biodegradable, and generates hazardous waste (toxic) and flammable so that alternative coloring is needed that is more environmentally friendly. Purple sweet potato has a high content of anthocyanin pigments and is more stable than the pigments of strawberries, red cabbage, perilla and other plants. Thus, purple sweet potato has been considered a good source of anthocyanins. This study aims to determine the use of anthocyanin extract from purple sweet potato as a natural dye substitute for eosin dye in the identification of STH in the native method. Parameters observed in the preparations were the quality of visual field contrast, color absorption on the surface of the parasite, and the level of clarity of the appearance of the parasite. The results showed that the use of anthocyanin extract from purple sweet potato at a concentration of 80% could color the eggs of STH worms which were found in positive samples of Ascaris lumbricoides seen in fertile (fertilized eggs) and infertile (unfertilized eggs). Therefore, the anthocyanin extract obtained from purple sweet potato has potential as an alternative dye to replace eosin.


Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 1892
Author(s):  
Lenka Langhansová ◽  
Martina Navrátilová ◽  
Lenka Skálová ◽  
Kateřina Moťková ◽  
Radka Podlipná

The anthelmintics (regularly administered to livestock to control the infections caused by parasitic worms) and their metabolites formed in treated animals are excreted to the environment. This contamination might have a negative influence on non-target organisms including plants. Our previous studies described the uptake, metabolism, and effects of anthelmintics in plants using in vitro models exposed to anthelmintic drugs in solutions. The present study was performed in clover grown in soil fertilized with manure from sheep treated with the recommended dose of albendazole (ABZ), ivermectin (IVM), or monepantel (MOP). The uptake and metabolism of drugs in clover were monitored for six weeks using UHPLC-MS/MS, and several stress markers (proline accumulation, lipid peroxidation, and antioxidant enzymes activities) were evaluated. The results showed that ABZ and MOP were absorbed, metabolized, and translocated to leaves, while IVM was detected only in the roots. No or minimal drug-response was observed in monitored stress markers, and only a temporary increase of several antioxidative enzymes activities was observed. Overall, manure from sheep treated with anthelmintics does not evoke chronic stress in clover, but it can cause the entry of anthelmintics in other organisms and the food-chain.


2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (10) ◽  
pp. 621-621
Author(s):  
Geetha Sankaranarayanan ◽  
Matthew Berriman ◽  
Gabriel Rinaldi

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document