Communication with young people through normatively fixed dialogue institutions in the regions of Russia

The study of the regional legislation of 85 constituent entities of the Russian Federation was carried out by the author in order to identify the normatively fixed channels of communication between the state and youth at the regional level, which could make it possible through formalized institutions to carry out dialogue interaction, stimulate the desire of young people to participate in the life of society, participate in the development of the agenda in the constituent entity of Russia. As a result, the author comes to the conclusion that the created youth governments, youth parliaments, youth public chambers and other similar institutions in the regions are not a sufficient channel for full-fledged communication with young people. Formalized platforms involve rather loyal youth in a dialogue with the authorities, leaving behind those whose opinion, attitude to the political, economic, and social decisions taken by the authorities is sometimes quite critical.

INDIVIDUAL PREVENTION OF ESCAPES FROM SETTLEMENT COLONIES

В статье анализируются правовые и организационные аспекты профилактики побегов из колоний-поселений. Автор акцентирует внимание на недостатках и трудностях в обеспечении контроля и надзора за осужденными-поселенцами. Это связано с тем, что нормы пенитенциарного законодательства наделяют осужденных значительным объемом льгот в период отбывания наказания в колониях-поселениях. Отсутствие вооруженной охраны, наличный оборот денежных средств, свобода передвижения по территории колонии, использование труда осужденных на отдельных объектах в пределах субъекта Российской Федерации по месту дислокации учреждения обуславливают невозможность обеспечения должного надзора. В указанных условиях традиционные формы надзора и контроля мало результативны. Автор аргументирует эффективность использования инновационных технических средств контроля и надзора за осужденными, содержащимися в колониях-поселениях, для профилактики побегов. Однако данный вид контроля невозможно осуществлять без внесения изменений в законодательство. На основании изучения нормативной базы, регламентирующей индивидуальную профилактику правонарушений в пенитенциарных учреждениях, а также рекомендаций практических работников, автор делает вывод, что действующие нормы не отвечает современным реалиям. Автор обосновывает расширение круга подучетных лиц, с одновременным увеличением юридического значения профилактического учета посредством закрепления возможности использования технических средств контроля и надзора за ними. The article analyzes the legal and organizational aspects of the prevention of escapes from the settlement colonies. The author focuses on the shortcomings and difficulties in the government of control and supervision over convicted settlers. This is due to the fact that the norms of the penitentiary legislation endow convicts with a significant amount of benefits during the period of serving their sentences in settlement colonies. The lack of armed guards, cash circulation of funds, freedom of movement across the territory, the use of convicts' labor at certain facilities of the constituent entity of the Russian Federation at the location of the institution make it impossible to ensure proper supervision. Under these conditions, the forms of supervision and control are not very effective. The author argues the effectiveness of the use of innovative technical means of control and supervision over convicts held in settlement colonies for the prevention of escapes. However, this type of control cannot be carried out without amending the legislation. Based on the regulatory framework governing the individual prevention of offenses in penitentiary institutions, as well as the recommendations of practitioners, the author concludes that the current application of the measure does not correspond to modern realities. Use of technical means of preventive control over them.

The Right of Regional Legislative Initiative of Local Self-Government Bodies: Content and Implementation Features (On the Example of the Novosibirsk Region)

The article discusses the concept and content of the right of legislative initiative of local self-government bodies in the legislative (representative) body of State power of the constituent entity of the Russian Federation, as well as the peculiarities of the exercise of this right by representative bodies of municipalities in Novosibirsk oblast. It has been concluded that the municipal representative body has both the general right of legislative initiative, which gives it the legal capacity to exercise this right in any manner prescribed by law, and the exclusive right, allowing municipalities to participate actively in improving the administrative and territorial organization of Novosibirsk Oblast. However, as the most numerous subject of the right in question, they do not make sufficient use of this instrument of influence on the socio-economic processes taking place in the region.

FOR A DISCUSSION ABOUT THE “MUNICIPAL FILTER”

The model for elections of top officials of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation, which was restored by amendments to the federal legislation in 2012, differs significantly from the previous regional election campaigns and establishes special conditions for the participation of candidates. These include support for the nomination of a candidate for the post of head of a constituent entity of the Russian Federation by representatives of local authorities elected by the population - municipal deputies and heads of municipal formations, which very quickly received the informal name “municipal filter” among lawyers, political scientists and publicists. Among other novelties of electoral legislation, it is this requirement that has been the subject of sharp criticism for ten years. Materials and methods. In preparing the article, the authors analyzed federal legislation, by-laws, election campaign materials, and judicial practice of the Constitutional Court of the Russian Federation. The main methods used are technical-legal, formal-legal, comparative-legal. Results. The requirement to support the nomination of a candidate for the post of the highest official of a constituent entity of the Russian Federation can be assessed as a complex and contradictory procedure. It performs important functions in controlling the electoral process, ensuring the unity of the Russian public power system, developing local self-government, and strengthening the political and party systems. However, in modern Russian political conditions, the prevalence of a certain political force in local self-government bodies, the “municipal filter” is being transformed from a legal procedure into an instrument of unfair political struggle. Conclusions. The study substantiates the need to preserve and reform the “municipal filter” in terms of reducing the minimum and maximum levels of support for candidates and reducing the territorial coverage of municipalities in the region.

Oncology calculator as a tool for optimizing drug provision for patients with malignant neoplasms in the subjects of the Russian Federation

Introduction. The increase in financial resources on the part of the state for the procurement of medicines for treating patients with malignant neoplasms makes the issue of calculation the need in medicinal preparations (MP) actual. The aim of the work is to develop a special tool (oncology calculator) that standardizes the method for determining the need for drugs and can calculate the need for medications for the treatment of malignant neoplasms in a particular constituent entity of the Russian Federation. Material and methods. To develop an oncology calculator, we analyzed the need for the drugs for the treatment of patients with the most common malignant neoplasms was analyzed based on current clinical guidelines approved and published on the Ministry of the Russian Federation website. The number of patients at each stage of a specific cancer was calculated. The frequency of application of a particular treatment regimen was calculated based on the approved standards of medical care for patients with cancer or from a project. The number of patients was calculated on the official statistics presented in the P.A. Hertsen Moscow Oncological Research Institute - branch of the Federal State Budgetary Institution “National Medical Research Center of Radiology” by the Ministry of Health of Russia. Results. We have developed a tool called the “Oncology calculator” that standardizes the methodology for determining the need of a constituent entity of the Russian Federation or a medical institution for drugs based on clinical guidelines, as well as facilitating the planning of the volume of medical care in the conditions of round-the-clock and day hospitals, and in the provision of medical care to patients with malignant neoplasms in outpatient settings. Conclusion. The existing approaches to calculating the need for drugs for the treatment of patients with cancer in the constituent entities of the Russian Federation are scattered, which leads to the ineffective use of funds from the federal budget, compulsory medical insurance funds, budgets of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation. A uniform approach to calculating the need for drugs to treat malignant neoplasms should be based on clinical guidelines containing drug regimens for treating patients.

Expenditure Obligations of the Constituent Entity of the Russian Federation in the Social Field in the Budget Structure

To financially support the functions of the state, it is necessary to legally allocate from the budget the funds that form expenditure obligations of a particular public-law entity. Structuring of all expenditure obligations, including obligations in the field of social policy, takes place due to the corresponding register. It is concluded that the register of expense obligations of the regional budget includes certain information about the obligations associated with the social policy financing: a) information about the powers of the region in the field of social policy; b) information on regulatory legal acts, agreements establishing the region’s expenditure obligations in the field of social policy that are subject to execution at the expense of regional funds, etc. It is determined that the registry of expence obligation for the constituent entity of the Russian Federation is formed according to the same rules as the rules applied to form the registry of expence obligations at the federal level, but taking into account the specifics of the constituent entity of the Russian Federation. The significance of the study is that it allows, from a scientific point of view, to comprehend the problems of regulating the expenditure obligations of a constituent entity of the Russian Federation in the social area.

Efficiency of the institute of human rights commissioners in the constituent entity of the Russian Federation

In this article the author examines and critically evaluates the main approaches to understanding the effectiveness of the activities of the commissioners for human rights in the subjects of the Russian Federation. The author proposes its criteria and underlines the importance of assessing the coordinating function of the commissioners in the sphere of ensuring and protecting human rights, the implementation of systemic strategic documents of the subjects of the Russian Federation in this area.

Retirement of a highest official of constituent entity of the Russian Federation due to loss of President’s confidence: constitutional issues

The subject. The article is devoted to the retirement of a highest official of a constituent entity of the Russian Federation in 2020 due to the loss of confidence of the President of the Russian Federation. Special attention is paid to the grounds for loss of such confidence, legal and social nature of confidence and different aspects of restriction of electoral rights for citizens. The purpose of the paper is to demonstrate that the retirement of a highest official in constituent entity of the Russian Federation vindicates electoral rights of citizens and decreases a level of confidence to public power of government and law. Moreover, the aim of this article is to prove that practice of the retirement of a highest official in constituent entity of the Russian Federation not always meet legal standards of negative constitutional legal responsibility. The methodology of the study includes general scientific methods (analysis, synthesis, description) and logical interpretation of Russian legal acts. Social definitions such as confidence and post-truth were analyzed by methods of philosophy and sociology. The main results and scope of their application. The author describes retirement of a highest official in a subject of the Russian Federation as a measure of constitutional responsibility and constitutional legal coercion in scope of practice in 2020. The author realizes, that President's decrees do not consist legal and appropriate basis for such retirement of a highest official in a subject of the Russian Federation, that is why this measure due to such practice cannot be qualified as negative constitutional legal responsibility. The author suggests ways to improve the mechanisms for applying measures of constitutional coercion in cases of retirement of a highest official in a subject of the Russian Federation due to the loss of confidence of the President of the Russian Federation for prevention of public power abusing, such as: 1) establishing in the federal law formally defined constitutional violations, that threaten the foundations of the constitutional system, morality, health, rights and lawful interests of other persons, ensuring defense and security of the state, the presence/absence of which is determined in the manner of a "preliminary" trial by the courts; 2) introduce measures of constitutional legal prevention or restraint against the highest official in a subject of the Russian Federation; 3) in the decrees of the President of the Russian Federation provide specific grounds for the loss of trust, established by the court. In addition to this, the author suggests to change federal law regulation to give a right for citizens, that live in a subject of the Russian Federation, to sue the President's decree about the retirement of a highest official in a subject of the Russian Federation. This measure will guarantee a real judicial protection for electoral rights for citizens. As a result, the article extends constitutional knowledge about measures of constitutional legal enforcement to highest officials in a subject of the Russian Federation.