garlic powder
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2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yanxia Liu ◽  
Peng Gao ◽  
Yuhao Wu ◽  
Xiaorui Wang ◽  
Xiaoming Lu ◽  
...  

Chinese garlic powder (GP) is exported to all countries in the world, but the excess of microorganisms is a serious problem that affects export. The number of microorganisms has a serious impact on the pricing of GP. It is very important to detect and control the microorganism in GP. The purpose of this study was to investigate the contamination and drug resistance of microorganisms during the processing of GP. We used metagenomics and Illumina sequencing to study the composition and dynamic distribution of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs), but also the microbial community in three kinds of garlic products from factory processing. The results showed that a total of 126 ARG genes were detected in all the samples, which belonged to 11 ARG species. With the processing of GP, the expression of ARGs showed a trend to increase at first and then to decrease. Network analysis was used to study the co-occurrence patterns among ARG subtypes and bacterial communities and ARGs.


2021 ◽  
Vol 99 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 77-77
Author(s):  
Iris Ho In Cheang-Deis ◽  
Oluwatobi Oyedeji ◽  
Hushton Block ◽  
Kateryn Rochon ◽  
Mika Asai-Coakwell ◽  
...  

Abstract Garlic products have been reported to have antimicrobial effects and may trigger anemia in horses, but their direct impact on feedlot cattle has not been detailed. With increased free-choice feeding of garlic-infused mineral supplements to beef cattle, it is important to evaluate this strategy’s impact on the animals’ health and the potential impact on carcass qualities. This 2-yr study recruited 208 crossbred feedlot steers in a supplementation trial using a completely randomized design. Each year, 104 steers were assigned to 1 of 4 groups that received either non-garlic mineral supplement (MS), MS + 0.3% garlic-oil-based premix (GOil), MS + 2.5% garlic powder (LGP), MS + 5% garlic powder (HGP). Feed and supplements were provided on an ad-lib basis and were measured for each steer with automatic feeding units. The study evaluated health indicators such as blood parameters and internal parasites. At harvest, carcass characteristics (including the incidence of liver abscesses) were assessed for all steers. The groups consumed between 156 and 208 g/d of the supplement over the two years, with the MS group having a lower overall supplement intake than other groups. The average daily consumption of garlic products in GOil, LGP, and HGP were approximately 0.6g/d, 5.2g/d, and 10.1g/d, respectively. There was no difference in total fecal egg counts (P = 0.45) among the groups. There was no association between the treatment groups and incidences of liver abscess scores (P = 0.10) nor carcass grade outcomes (P = 0.84). Further, there were no differences in hot carcass weight (P = 0.90), rib eye area (P = 0.34) and carcass backfat thickness (P = 0.99). All blood parameters evaluated were within normal ranges for all groups. The results suggest that infusing commercial garlic products into mineral supplements is not associated with undesirable effects on cattle health or carcass characteristics.


2021 ◽  
Vol 99 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 77-78
Author(s):  
Iris Ho In Cheang-Deis ◽  
Herbert Lardner ◽  
Kateryn Rochon ◽  
Oluwatobi Oyedeji ◽  
Hushton Block ◽  
...  

Abstract Conflicting anecdotal accounts from producers about their cattle performance and fly-repellence outcomes while receiving garlic-infused supplements have limited feeding decisions. This study evaluated differences in animal performance and insectifugal outcomes among four groups (26 steers per group) over two years (total = 208 steers). The steers either received non-garlic mineral supplement (MS), MS+0.3% garlic oil-based premix (GOil), MS+2.5% garlic powder (LGP), or MS+5% garlic powder (HGP). A completely randomized design was implemented where each steer was assigned to each treatment group while balancing for bodyweight and breed composition. Steers received a feedlot ration and free-choice mineral supplement for 86 and 108 d in the first and second year, respectively. Individual feed and supplement consumption were measured with automatic feeding units. Fly abundance on each animal was determined using digital images collected during weekly fly surveys. The ADG, feed efficiency, ultrasound body composition, and intake-related activities were also evaluated during the study. Data were analyzed using linear- or generalized linear mixed models in SAS. A significant year and Group×year interactions were observed for daily supplement intake (P < 0.02). Similar interactions (P < 0.04) were observed for feeding behaviors associated with supplement intake. Fly abundance during the peak months was below the economic threshold and was not different among the groups (P = 0.25), but the year and Group×year interactions were significant (P < 0.02). There were no differences among the groups for DMI (P = 0.81), ADG (P = 0.54) and gain to feed ratio (P = 0.34). The Group×year interactions were present for the change in ultrasound rib-fat-thickness. The reasons behind the differences in supplement intake are not clear but may be related to the garlic products’ phytochemical profiles. These results suggest that further studies are required to identify the specific bioactive compounds in garlic that affect supplement intake.


Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (19) ◽  
pp. 6026
Author(s):  
Vytória Piscitelli Cavalcanti ◽  
Smail Aazza ◽  
Suzan Kelly Vilela Bertolucci ◽  
João Pedro Miranda Rocha ◽  
Adriane Duarte Coelho ◽  
...  

Garlic is a health promoter that has important bioactive compounds. The bioactive extraction is an important step in the analysis of constituents present in plant preparations. The purpose of this study is to optimize the extraction with the best proportion of solvents to obtain total phenolic compounds (TPC) and thiosulfinates (TS) from dried garlic powder, and evaluate the antioxidant activities of the optimized extracts. A statistical mixture simplex axial design was used to evaluate the effect of solvents (water, ethanol, and acetone), as well as mixtures of these solvents, after two ultrasound extraction cycles of 15 min. Results showed that solvent mixtures with a high portion of water and pure water were efficient for TPC and TS recovery through this extraction procedure. According to the regression model computed, the most significant solvent mixtures to obtain high TPC and TS recovery from dried garlic powder are, respectively, the binary mixture with 75% water and 25% acetone and pure water. These optimized extracts presented oxygen radical absorbance capacity. Pure water was better for total antioxidant capacity, and the binary mixture of water–acetone (75:25) was better for DPPH scavenging activity. These optimized extracts can be used for industrial and research applications.


2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 131-138
Author(s):  
Sima Jafari ◽  
Farah Farokhi ◽  
Abbas Sadeghi

Background and aims: The abnormal increase in blood cholesterol can cause many problems. Statins have a cholesterol-lowering effect, but they also have adverse effects. Garlic prevents the formation of cholesterol due to its antibiotic properties. This study aimed to investigate the comparative effect of garlic powder and atorvastatin on hypercholesterolemia-induced reproductive failure in female rats. Methods: In the present experimental study, 48 adult female Wistar rats were divided into eight groups (n=6), including control, atorvastatin (10 mg/kg/d; orally), atorvastatin (20 mg/kg/d; orally), garlic powder (100 mg/kg/d; orally), hypercholesterolemia (1.5 mg/kg/d of cholesterol; orally), hypercholesterolemia + atorvastatin (10 mg/kg/d), hypercholesterolemia + atorvastatin (20 mg/kg/d), and hypercholesterolemia + garlic powder. After 30 days, rats were euthanized and blood samples were obtained from their heart for serological assessments. The right ovary was transferred to 10% formalin for histological analyses, and the left ovary was transferred to a −80°C freezer for evaluation of oxidative stress markers. Data were statistically analyzed by ANOVA and Tukey’s test using SPSS version 24.0 (P<0.05). Results: The number of healthy primordial, primary, secondary, and antral follicles, catalase activity, total antioxidant capacity (TAOC) as well as estrogen and progesterone levels were lower in hypercholesterolemic rats compared to controls (P<0.001). Additionally, the number of the atretic primary, secondary, and antral follicles and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels were higher in hypercholesterolemic rats (P<0.001). However, garlic powder and atorvastatin 10 improved alterations in the mentioned parameters (P=0.99). Conclusion: The results showed that hypercholesterolemia could have adverse effects on rat ovaries. However, the garlic powder improves ovarian toxicity in hypercholesterolemia rats better than atorvastatin.


2021 ◽  
Vol 51 (2) ◽  
pp. 271-279
Author(s):  
M.R. Kekana ◽  
D. Luseba ◽  
M.C. Muyu

Garlic contains secondary metabolites with antimicrobial properties that can alter nutrient digestibility and rumen fermentation, similar to other antimicrobial products. The objectives of the study were to evaluate the effects of garlic powder and garlic juice on in vitro nutrient digestibility, rumen fermentation, and gas production. The treatments consisted of control with no additives, garlic powder, and garlic juice at 0.5 ml and 1 ml. The digestibility of dry matter, crude protein and neutral detergent fibre were determined after 48 hours incubation. Rumen ammonia nitrogen and volatile fatty acids were determined at 12 hours and 24 hours incubation. The cumulative gas production was recorded periodically over 48 hours. The in vitro dry matter disappearance decreased with 1 ml of garlic juice compared with control. The crude protein degradability in garlic powder and garlic juice was lower than in control. Volatile fatty acids increased in all treatments. Individual volatile fatty acids were significantly different, especially propionate, whereas the acetate to propionate ratio was reduced by garlic juice, and ammonia nitrogen was reduced by garlic powder and 0.5 ml of garlic juice. The cumulative gas production increased significantly with both levels of garlic juice. The addition of garlic juice at 0.5 mL/100 ml could enhance the production of propionate, and reduce the acetate to propionate ratio, implying that the supply of hydrogen for methanogens was limited.


Author(s):  
Osuloye Oluwaseum Olayemi ◽  
Olojo Oluwatobi Omotola ◽  
Philip Abutu

Allium sativum commonly referred to as garlic has been known over the years for its medicinal and culinary purposes. It has also been reported to have several toxic effects when used excessively. However, the purpose of this study was to determine the histological effects of Allium sativum (garlic) powder on the liver of white rabbits at different dosages. Twenty rabbits were randomly divided int.o five groups with free access to food and water for a period of four weeks. Four groups B, C, D, and E were fed with garlic supplemented basal diet containing different concentrations of garlic powder i.e. 100mg, 200mg, 500mg, and 1000mg respectively. These groups were called the treated group. Group A was fed with basal diet only and was considered as the control group. The results obtained showed some histological changes such as the presence of cellular necrosis, vacuolations, lipofuscin pigments, pyknosis and nuclear hypertrophy which were as a result of liver glycogen depletion and hepatic cell damage which may be due to relatively high dosage of garlic used in some of the groups.


BioResources ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 6186-6200
Author(s):  
Luxin Zhang ◽  
Yuting Liu ◽  
Chang Liu ◽  
Simin Yi ◽  
Wen Sun ◽  
...  

Catalytic systems were investigated for the ethanolysis of expired food into 5-ethoxymethylfurfural (5-EMF). Fructan-rich expired food (expired probiotics beverage powder, onion powder, garlic powder, and burdock tea), and starchy expired food (expired steamed buns and egg yolk battercake) were tested as starting substrates. Optimization of the reaction conditions included varying the catalyst type, temperature, catalyst loading, and reaction time to maximize 5-EMF yield. Several co-solvents were added to evaluate their impact on the generation of 5-EMF. The selected expired foods produced 5-EMF yields ranging from 0.2 mol% to 68 mol%. The 5-EMF yield from fructan-rich expired food was more noticeably affected by the content of the non-carbohydrate part than that from starchy expired food. The effect of co-solvents on conversion efficiency was closely related to the catalyst type but was not strongly correlated with the feedstock used. This study provides a facile way to produce biofuel chemicals from carbohydrate-rich expired food.


2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 68-75
Author(s):  
Mega Silvia ◽  
Muhammad Hazmi ◽  
Hidayah Murtiyaningsih ◽  
Laras S Arum

Sorghum has great potential to be developed as a food source in Indonesia. This study aims to regenerate sweet sorghum in vitro, by adding coconut water and garlic powder to tissue culture. The experiment used a completely randomized design with two treatment factors, and with 2 replications. The first factor was the concentration of coconut water (A), consisting of: A0 (0 mL/L), A1 (50 mL/L), A2 (100 mL/L), A3 (150 mL/L), and A4 (200 mL/L). The second factor was the concentration of garlic powder (B), consisting of : B0 (0 g/L), B1 (10 g/L), B2 (20 g/L), B3 (30 g/L), and B4 (40 g/L). Data were analysis by the analysis of variance wth the F test and DMRT follow-up test at a 0,05 level. The results of the F test showed that the variables of the time of shoot emergence, shoot height at the age of 3, 12, 15, and 18 days after initiation (DAI) were not significantly affected by treatments A, B, and their interaction (A×B), also the percentage of shoot emergence in treatments A, B, and shoot height in treatments B. Variables of shoot number and shoot height at 6 DAI were affected by treatments A, B, and A×B, also the percentage of shoot emergence in treatment A, and shoot height 9 DAI in treatments A and B. DMRT test results showed that the A4 treatment gave the best results on shoot percentage, shoot height at 6 and 9 DAI, and treatment B2 on shoot number. The addition of 200 mL/L coconut water increased shoot height and 20 g/l garlic powder increased the number of shoots in this study. Keywords: coconut water, concentration, garlic, in vitro regeneration, sorghum.   ABSTRAK Sorgum memiliki potensi yang besar untuk dikembangkan sebagai sumber pangan di Indonesia. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk meregenerasi sorgum manis secara in vitro, dari kultur jaringan. Percobaan menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap dengan dua faktor perlakuan, dan dengan 2 ulangan. Faktor pertama adalah konsentrasi air kelapa (A), terdiri dari: A0 (0 mL/L), A1 (50 mL/L), A2 (100 mL/L), A3 (150 mL/L), dan A4 (200 mL/L). Faktor kedua adalah konsentrasi bubuk bawang putih (B), terdiri B0 (0 g/L), B1 (10 g/L), B2 (20 g/L), B3 (30 g/L), dan B4 (40 g/L). Data dianalisis dengan analisis ragan dengan uji F dan uji lanjut DMRT pada taraf 0,05. Hasil uji F menunjukkan bahwa variabel saat munculnya tunas, tinggi tunas pada umur 3, 12, 15, dan 18 hari setelah inisiasi (HSI) tidak nyata dipengaruhi oleh perlakuan A, B, maupun interaksinya (A×B), demikian juga persentase munculnya tunas pada perlakuan A, B, serta tinggi tunas pada perlakuan B. Variabel-variabel jumlah tunas, tinggi tunas 6 HSI dipengaruh secara nyata oleh perlakuan A, B, maupun A×B, demikian juga persentase munculnya tunas pada perlakuan A, serta tinggi tunas 9 HSI pada perlakuan A dan B. Hasil uji DMRT menunjukkan bahwa perlakuan A4 memberikan hasil terbaik pada persentase tunas, tinggi tunas 6 dan 9 HSI, serta faktor B2 pada jumlah tunas. Penambahan air kelapa 200 mL/L meningkatkan tinggi tunas dan 20 g/L bubuk bawang putih meningkatkan jumlah tunas pada penelitian ini. Kata kunci: air kelapa, bawang putih, konsentrasi, regenerasi in vitro, sorgum


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