three dimensional reconstruction
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2022 ◽  
Vol 2022 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Shenming Yu

The study focused on the extraction of cardiovascular two-dimensional angiography sequences and the three-dimensional reconstruction based on the local threshold segmentation algorithm. Specifically, the two-dimensional cardiovascular angiography sequence was extracted first, and Gaussian smoothing was adopted for image preprocessing. Then, optimize maximum between-class variance (OSTU) was compared with the traditional two-dimensional OSTU and fast two-dimensional OSTU and applied in the segmentation of cardiovascular angiography images. It was found that the cardiovascular structure itself was continuous, the contrast agent diffused relatively evenly in the blood vessel, and the gray level of the blood vessel was also continuous. The degree of smoothness was consistent in all directions by Gaussian smoothing, avoiding the direction deviation of the smoothened image. The operation time (0.59 s) of the optimize OSTU was significantly shorter than that of traditional OSTU (35.68 s) and fast two-dimensional OSTU (6.34 s) ( P < 0.05 ). The local threshold segmentation algorithm can realize the continuous edge extraction of blood vessels and accurately reflect the stenosis of blood vessels. The results of blood vessel diameter measurement showed that the diameter from the end of blood vessel to the intersection varied linearly from 5.5 mm to 9.0 mm. In short, the optimize OSTU demonstrated good segmentation effects and fast calculation time; it successfully extracted continuous two-dimensional cardiovascular angiography images and can be used in three-dimensional reconstruction of cardiovascular images.


Ingeniería ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 450-464
Author(s):  
Valentina Mejía Gallón ◽  
María Camila Naranjo Cardona ◽  
Juan Ramírez ◽  
Juan Atehortua Carmona ◽  
Juan Felipe Santa-Marin ◽  
...  

Context:  Non-fatal injuries represent a public health issue. Among them, lower limb fractures have a large impact on the costs related to orthopedic treatments. In this work, a three-dimensional reconstruction of the tibia and fibula was performed for biomechanical applications with the purpose of defining the 3D reconstruction parameters that allow reducing patients’ radiation exposure and computational costs.  Method: For the 3D reconstruction, a computerized tomography taken from a volunteer was used, as well as two software applications specialized in DICOM image reconstruction (Mimics Research and 3DSlicer). The number of images included in the volume was modified, and the results were compared. The quality of the reconstructed volumes was verified by comparing the reference volume reconstructed with the total number of images/slices vs. the modified volumes. The MeshLab software was used for this purpose. The analyzed parameters were the distance differences between the reference and the alternative models, as well as the qualitative curvature analysis. Results: The ANOVA results for the Max (maximum distance between meshes) response shows that software and slices are significant factors. However, the software-slices interaction did not have a significant influence. As for the RMS (root mean square) distance response, software, slices, and the software-slices interaction are not significant. For the Mean distance response, slices and the software-slices interaction are not significant. Nevertheless, software significantly influences the response. These results suggest a potential way to reduce the computational cost and the patient’s radiation exposure in future biomechanical and preoperatory analyses, since the same quality can be obtained by including fewer 2D images in the reconstruction. Conclusions: The reconstructed surfaces are smoother when Mimics is used, even though the same smoothness factor was employed in both software applications during the reconstruction. When 16 slices are used (retained every 16 images from the complete original model), the distance differences increased for both bones (tibia and fibula). For the RMS, reducing the number of slices and using either one of the two applications analyzed would not show any significant differences in the reconstruction, thus allowing the potential reduction of radiation exposure of the patient. Acknowledgements: The authors are grateful to Universidad Nacional de Colombia for funding the project “Estado de esfuerzos en un elemento de osteosíntesis en la consolidación de una fractura de miembro inferior”. 


2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (6) ◽  
pp. 74-79
Author(s):  
I. Yu. Oliinyk ◽  
◽  
O. V. Tsyhykalo ◽  
O. A. Koval

The purpose of the study was to investigate the topography of permeable (nutrition) arteries in the lower third of leg during human ontogenesis. Materials and methods. The research was conducted on 30 specimens of human prefetuses and fetuses aged 3-9 months of prenatal development; 28 bone specimens of adult tibia and fibula and 27 series of computerized tomography scans of lower extremities of adults aged 21-72 were used. We have used a complex of methods for morphological research: anthropometry, morphometry, macromicroscopy, injections of blood vessels of X-ray contrasting mixtures, three-dimensional reconstruction and statistical analysis. Results and discussion. Cartilage osteogenesis occurs in the prefetal period of prenatal human development, in which blood vessels play a crucial morphofunctional role. During endochondral ossification of the tibia, the vessels of the bone cuff grow into the diaphysis of the cartilaginous model of the bone and osteogenic cells go beyond their limits. In the third trimester of prenatal development, blood vessels grow into the epiphyseal part of the cartilaginous model and an epiphyseal centre of ossification forms. Between the epiphysis and diaphysis centers of ossification, a metaphysical growth plate forms that develops intraosseous anastomosis between the diaphyseal and metaphysical blood vessels. In the metaphysis region, there are extra-skeletal anastomoses. Often, the insertion of nutrition arteries into the bone of the tibia is usually the middle third of bones (55%) and distal metaphysis (37%). In 10%, there were nutrition foramina in the upper third of the tibia. Three-dimensional reconstruction also clearly shows a more extensive and developed network of vessels in the bone marrow canal in metaphysical regions. In the middle third of the tibia and fibula, 1-3 nutrient foramina can be traced on most specimens. On the fibular, in addition to the posterior-medial localization of the nutrient arteries, there were variants with a "high" (above the metaphysis) placement of the entrance of the vessel into the bone substance. Conclusion. The most common places where arteries enter the bones of the lower leg are the middle third of the bones (55%) and the distal metaphysis (37%). In 10%, there were nutrient foramina in the upper third of the tibia. The three-dimensional reconstruction also clearly shows a more extensive and developed network of vessels in the bone marrow canal in metaphysical regions. During the postnatal period, we most often encountered the localization of nutritional arteries on the anterior-lateral surface of the tibia (23%), or their combination – the presence of both nutrient arteries on the posterior and medial bone surfaces (18.3%)


2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Pengyuan Wang ◽  
Jie Li

We performed three-dimensional reconstruction of facial CT scan images of patients with mandibular angle hypertrophy to explore the related factors of mandibular angle hypertrophy. At the same time, the article uses the results of three-dimensional reconstruction to simulate the clinical operation and obtain the final operation method. It was found that all patients were able to obtain the proper surgical plan from the three-dimensional reconstructed images and can get the hypertrophy factor of the mandibular angle. For this reason, we conclude that computer reconstruction simulation technology can obtain the tissue changes before and after osteotomy of mandibular angle hypertrophy and get the cause of hypertrophy. Three-dimensional reconstruction simulation technology is the best auxiliary diagnosis plan for the selection of mandibular angle surgery.


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