Knowledge of the Farmers about Water Management Practices in Upper Krishna Command Area of Karnataka

The present study was conducted during the year 2018-20 in Upper Krishna command area to ascertain the knowledge of the farmers towards water management practices. The study was conducted in Vijayapura, Yadgir and Raichur districts of UKP Command Area. Two talukas from each district were selected based on highest irrigated area by UKP project. The talukas selected for the study were Sindagi and Indi from Vijayapura district, Surpur and Shahapur from Yadgir district and Deodurga and Lingasugur from Raichur district, respectively. From each taluks four villages had selected and from each selected villages ten samples had randomly selected. Thus, total sample size was 240. With respect to overall knowledge of the farmers about selected water management practices in command area, more than half (51.67 %) of the farmers had high knowledge level about water management practices, followed by medium (30.00 %) and low (18.33 %).

Applications of statistical experimental designs to improve statistical inference in weed management

In a balanced design, researchers allocate the same number of units across all treatment groups. It has been believed as a rule of thumb among some researchers in agriculture. Sometimes, an unbalanced design outperforms a balanced design. Given a specific parameter of interest, researchers can design an experiment by unevenly distributing experimental units to increase statistical information about the parameter of interest. An additional way of improving an experiment is an adaptive design (e.g., spending the total sample size in multiple steps). It is helpful to have some knowledge about the parameter of interest to design an experiment. In the initial phase of an experiment, a researcher may spend a portion of the total sample size to learn about the parameter of interest. In the later phase, the remaining portion of the sample size can be distributed in order to gain more information about the parameter of interest. Though such ideas have existed in statistical literature, they have not been applied broadly in agricultural studies. In this article, we used simulations to demonstrate the superiority of the experimental designs over the balanced designs under three practical situations: comparing two groups, studying a dose-response relationship with right-censored data, and studying a synergetic effect of two treatments. The simulations showed that an objective-specific design provides smaller error in parameter estimation and higher statistical power in hypothesis testing when compared to a balanced design. We also conducted an adaptive experimental design applied to a dose-response study with right-censored data to quantify the effect of ethanol on weed control. Retrospective simulations supported the benefit of this adaptive design as well. All researchers face different practical situations, and appropriate experimental designs will help utilize available resources efficiently.

Marketing Constraints Faced by the Banana Growers in Theni District

Banana is one of the most important commercial tropical fruits traded. Eve was said to have used Banana leaves to cover modesty in the Garden of Paradise as revealed from antiquity. Banana is thus called “Apple of Paradise”. It is also known as “Adam Fig”. Theni district was purposively selected for the present study in the first stage since it occupied the first position in area under Banana in the state of Tamil Nadu. The villages of selected four blocks were noted and three villages were selected at random from each block. Altogether twelve villages were selected for the study. From each selected blocks fifteen banana growers were selected by random sampling technique. Thus the total sample size arrived was 90. Findings of the study showed that the constraints expressed by Banana growers are inadequate transport facility was the major problem faced by farmers with a mean score of 61.40 per cent.

Pengaruh Gaya Kepemimpinan Dan Motivasi Kerja Terhadap Kinerja Pegawai Universitas Buana Perjuangan Karawang

One of the variables that have a major effect on employee engagement is leadership style. In addition, one of the factors that influence employee efficiency is leadership. Since it is important to pay attention to two points at the top, it is important to pay attention to leadership style. Employee success is one of the most powerful variables in the workplace. Employees of Administration Universitas Buana Perjuangan Karawang, a total of 104 people, were studied from January to March 2020, with a total sample size of 82 people. The research employs a quantitative approach that is processed using the application SPSS 20. The data is collected through interviews, evaluation, and a Google Form Sample to deploy a questionnaire. Universitas Buana Perjuangan Karawang

Evaluation of the Skin Infections and Conditions among Students of Gomal Medical College Pakistan

Objective: The objective of the current study is to determine the pattern of dermatological disorders and to find out their connection with different socioeconomically factors among students of the Medical College. Methodology: The Cross sectional observational study was carried out for the period of three months .The research instrument used was the well developed questionnaire. Results: The questionnaire was administered among total 350 students and the most participant age group was the > 22 and that was about 47.4% of the total sample size the more skin complication seen was the acne that was about 59.7%, in addition to this dandruff contributed very heavily to the hair complexities which makes about 35.7% of the sample. Conclusion: Skin infections especially the cosmetic are very common among the Medical students.

Knockout-Tournament Procedures for Large-Scale Ranking and Selection in Parallel Computing Environments

On one hand, large-scale ranking and selection (R&S) problems require a large amount of computation. On the other hand, parallel computing environments that provide a large capacity for computation are becoming prevalent today, and they are accessible by ordinary users. Therefore, solving large-scale R&S problems in parallel computing environments has emerged as an important research topic in recent years. However, directly implementing traditional stagewise procedures and fully sequential procedures in parallel computing environments may encounter problems because either the procedures require too many simulation observations or the procedures’ selection structures induce too many comparisons and too frequent communications among the processors. In this paper, inspired by the knockout-tournament arrangement of tennis Grand Slam tournaments, we develop new R&S procedures to solve large-scale problems in parallel computing environments. We show that no matter whether the variances of the alternatives are known or not, our procedures can theoretically achieve the lowest growth rate on the expected total sample size with respect to the number of alternatives and thus, are optimal in rate. Moreover, common random numbers can be easily adopted in our procedures to further reduce the total sample size. Meanwhile, the comparison time in our procedures is negligible compared with the simulation time, and our procedures barely request for communications among the processors.

Optimal allocations for two treatment comparisons within the proportional odds cumulative logits model

This paper studies optimal treatment allocations for two treatment comparisons when the outcome is ordinal and analyzed by a proportional odds cumulative logits model. The variance of the treatment effect estimator is used as optimality criterion. The optimal design is sought so that this variance is minimal for a given total sample size or a given budget, meaning that the power for the test on treatment effect is maximal, or it is sought so that a required power level is achieved at a minimal total sample size or budget. Results are presented for three, five and seven ordered response categories, three treatment effect sizes and a skewed, bell-shaped or polarized distribution of the response probabilities. The optimal proportion subjects in the intervention condition decreases with the number of response categories and the costs for the intervention relative to those for the control. The relation between the optimal proportion and effect size depends on the distribution of the response probabilities. The widely used balanced design is not always the most efficient; its efficiency as compared to the optimal design decreases with increasing cost ratio. The optimal design is highly robust to misspecification of the response probabilities and treatment effect size. The optimal design methodology is illustrated using two pharmaceutical examples. A Shiny app is available to find the optimal treatment allocation, to evaluate the efficiency of the balanced design and to study the relation between budget or sample size and power.

E-Tendering System for Arecanut in Karnataka: Stakeholders’ Perspective

This paper aims to explore the perception of farmers, commission agents and traders about e-tendering system for arecanut in Karnataka. The present study was conducted in two major Agricultural Produce Market Committees (APMC) of Karnataka state, viz., Shivamogga APMC of Shivamogga district and Bheemasamudra APMC of Chitradurga district during 2019-20. The primary data were collected randomly from 50 farmers, 10 traders, and 10 commission agents involved in e-tendering of Arecanut from each of the selected APMCs. Thus, the total sample size was 140. The study also attempts to document the constraints faced by the stakeholders and their suggestions for the improvement of the system. The results indicated that the majority of the farmers (65.00%), traders (60.00%) and commission agents (50.00%) had a favourable perception about e-tendering system. Frequent price fluctuation was the major constraint confronted by the farmers and difficulty in rectifying the mistakes after quoting the price was the major issue for traders and commission agents. Majority of the farmers insisted on creating awareness about the operational aspects of e-tendering system, whereas traders demanded a provision to rectify mistakes after quoting the price. Results from the present study could provide a better understanding of the effectiveness and inherent problems associated with the e-tendering system.

HOW ENJOYMENT, TRUST IN INTENTION WHEN CHOOSING A SHOPPING PLACE

The importance of analyzing the relationship between enjoyment and trust in consumer buying interest before making shopping decisions. This study used a sampling quota sampling technique with a survey method with a total sample size of 100 respondents from the city of Jakarta with the criteria for respondents who were over 20 years old. The results of the study indicate that enjoyment and trust influence consumer purchase orders. Therefore, a good marketer must build these two factors in the place of shopping because they can trigger requests to buy and later become a stimulus in purchasing decisions.

TO STUDY THE EFFICACY OF AYURVEDIC TREATMENT IN COVID-19/SARS-COV-2

To overcome COVID-19 infection there is no any precise & effective management plan so far available in contemporary Medicine. Therefore, an attempt of administering Ayurvedic medicines to alleviate signs & symptoms of Novel Corona virus is taken into consideration. A clinical trial was performed in hospital with the combination of pure herbo-mineral Ayurvedic medicines named as ‘Shwashara’ along with modern medicines over 93 infected indoor subjects. In total sample size, 76.34% subjects had co-morbidities, after treatment it is been observed that, 29.58% of these subjects did not need oxygen support. 52.69% of sub-jects had HRCT score more than half. 58.06% were recovered within 7 Days. Out of 471 patients, who re-ceived only modern medicines had death rate of 10.02% and the Subjects treated with both systems of medicines have recorded 2.15% death. The ‘Shwashara’ medicine decreases symptoms of pneumonia & COVID-19, strengthen lungs and reduces death rate significantly.