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Author(s):  
Lori Lach ◽  
Dylan Case ◽  
Peter Yeeles ◽  
Conrad J. Hoskin

AbstractInvasive ants are among the world’s most damaging invasive species, often directly or indirectly affecting native fauna. Insecticidal baits are the main method for suppressing or eradicating invasive ant populations, but their use must be considered against potential for unintended effects on native organisms. The invasive yellow crazy ant (Anoplolepis gracillipes) is widespread in the tropics, particularly on islands, where they have displaced a range of invertebrates. Effects of this ant on vertebrates, and in continental ecosystems generally, are less studied. We investigated the effects of yellow crazy ants and bait application on rainforest skinks and their invertebrate prey. We compared skink and skink prey abundance across four replicated rainforest site categories: high and low yellow crazy ant sites had both been baited but differed in yellow crazy ant activity; control sites had never had yellow crazy ants or been baited; and buffer sites had never had yellow crazy ants but had been baited. We recorded significantly lower abundance of two small skink species (Lygisaurus laevis and Saproscincus tetradactylus) in high yellow crazy ant sites compared to all other site categories. The differences persisted even after baiting reduced yellow crazy ant activity by 97.8% ± 0.04% (mean ± SD). A larger rainforest skink species (Carlia rubrigularis) was not negatively affected by yellow crazy ant invasion. Skink prey abundance was significantly lower in high yellow crazy ant sites compared to control sites and low yellow crazy ant sites, but not compared to buffer sites. These differences did not persist following baiting. We found no evidence that baiting negatively affects skinks or their invertebrate prey. Our data suggest that yellow crazy ants, but not the bait used to treat them, pose a direct threat to small rainforest skinks.


2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (3(43)) ◽  
pp. 37-41
Author(s):  
A.M. Pankrukhina

The appearance of cryptocurrency has become a high-profile event, around which disputes still persist. Some see it as a direct threat to the security of national economy, some as a long-awaited triumph of market principles of self-regulation. The necessity, expediency and the most effective model of regulating the cryptocurrency market are burning issues. The relevance of these issues in the context of Russian reality is proved at least by the fact that Russia is one of the leading countries in the use of digital currency, and the number of crypto wallets opened by Russians has exceeded 8 million. The aim of this article is to review the currently existing opinions and accumulated experience in solving the problem of regulating the digital currency market.


2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (8) ◽  
pp. 60-65
Author(s):  
Mustafo Rakhmatullaev ◽  
◽  
Doston Abduraimov

This article describes the politics of the People's Republic of China, which is currently the fastest growing country in the world along with the United States. Particular attention is paid to the economic and political aspects of relations between the two countries, as well as the emergence of conflicts. It is no secret that today the influence of the two great powers, the United States and China, on the system of international relations is very great. The fact that these countries occupy huge positions in the economic andmilitary-political spheres, unfortunately, exacerbates the competition between them, which, in turn, is a direct threat to the establishment of a policy of peace throughout the world


Author(s):  
Zainab Naimova ◽  
◽  
Khurliman Kurbanova ◽  
Honbuvi Khakimova ◽  
Zokir Bulyaev ◽  
...  

Today, when the increase rate of harmful effects of environmental factors and intensity of their influence is already beyond the biological adaptability of ecosystems to changes in the habitat and creates direct threat to life and health of the population, comprehensive study of ecotoxicants and development of measures to combat their spread and damaging effects are actual problems of worldwide importance.


2021 ◽  
pp. 477-485
Author(s):  
Charles Hart ◽  
Saravanan Thangamani

Abstract Ticks are the primary source of vector-borne pathogens in the USA. The native tick species of the USA are adapted for a number of distinct ecosystems and mammalian hosts. As such, several overlapping sylvatic cycles exist within the tick populations. These occur in nature without human involvement. The incursion of humans into these environments can result in sylvatic spillover of these pathogens to humans, causing clinical disease. As tick populations shift, the risk of exposure to emerging, newly introduced and re-emerging pathogens increases, posing a direct threat to human and animal health. Several genera are the source of most tick-borne pathogens in the USA. These include Dermacentor, Amblyomma and Ixodes, with a lesser role for Ornithodoros soft ticks. This expert opinion focuses on the influence of the changing landscape of ticks in the USA and its impact on the emergence of tick-borne pathogens that occurs as a result.


Author(s):  
Larisa B. Zhabaeva ◽  

The goal of the article is to define the development of the RussianMongolian collaboration in such an important sector as military that started in 1930s amidst the complication of the international situation brought about by the open aggression of the military Japan. The study is based on data from collection of documents and the materials of the Russian State Archive of SocialPolitical History. The research showed that the political and military integration was activated as a result of the marked aggravation of the international situation in the Far East at the beginning of the 1930s due to the Japanese aggression in China, the establishment of the marionette state Mandzhou-Go at the borders of Russia and Mongolia and the emergence of the direct threat to Mongolia and the Soviet territories. It was in the Mongolian steppes, in the Khalkhin-Gol battles for freedom of the Mongolian people where the becoming of the general G.K. Zhukov occurred. Under his command there was an effective interaction of Soviet-Mongolian military units that led to gaining a valuable experience in the allied forces combat.


Author(s):  
Tatyana A. Olkhovaya ◽  
Elena A. Sorokoumova ◽  
Nikolai A. Mashkin ◽  
Tatyana S. Vinogradova ◽  
Jhanna I. Aytuganova ◽  
...  

The objective of the research was to study the manifestation of the emotion of fear in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic and to determine the details of its application in the clips of social networks. As a research method, the authors used the questionnaire survey to collect primary information. The novelty and originality of the study lies in the fact that the phenomenon of social fear in temporary forced isolation is investigated. For the first time, it is discovered that the overall goal of social media videos affecting the emotion of fear is to create a common problem that forces potential viewers to choose self-isolation. It is concluded that the analysis of the clips from social networks revealed four main directions to position the emotion of fear: fear associated with a direct threat to the life activity of individuals; fear caused by unforeseen situations; fear associated with situations that can be harmful to health; fear associated with non-conformity with certain values and norms accepted in society, with the fear of differing from established standards and benchmarks.


2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-18
Author(s):  
Melissa Adler

Studies show that emotion enhances memory for individual items but weakens memory for associations between items (Bisby & Burgess, 2014). One explanation for this associative memory impairment is that emotional stimuli capture attention, causing enhanced encoding of the emotional item but reduced encoding of the surrounding environment (Schupp, Junghöfer, Weike, & Hamm, 2003). This explanation generates the prediction that emotional information always impairs associative memory. Alternatively, it may be that emotion orients attention towards threats in the environment, suggesting that emotions’ effects on associative memory may differ depending on where they indicate a threat may be coming from (Öhman, Flykt, & Esteves, 2001). For example, seeing an angry face constitutes a direct threat. The angry face itself potentially captures attention and thereby reduces memory for its associated information. In contrast, seeing a fearful face indicates a threat elsewhere in the environment. Therefore, the fearful face may redirect attention towards the surroundings and thus enhance encoding of the associated information. To adjudicate between these hypotheses, subjects studied sets of three images, consisting of two objects and a face with either a neutral, angry, or fearful expression. Subjects were later tested on their memory for the associations between the three items. Supporting the first hypothesis, memory for both angry and fearful associations was worse than memory for neutral associations. Contrary to the second hypothesis, there were no differences in memory for angry versus fearful associations. Thus, emotional information itself seems to capture attention, weakening memory for related information.


2020 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Rosa María Martínez de Codes

The global refugee crisis has reignited long-standing debates about how to successfully integrate religious minorities into liberal democratic societies. In the United States, security fears, particularly connected with terrorism, are preponderant. In Western Europe cultural fears seem to dominate, with many misunderstanding Islam as a direct threat to the norms and values that bind their societies together.


2020 ◽  
pp. 42-57

This chapter recounts the nativist revolt in Philadelphia that laid siege to the Irish Catholic population and describes the riot that was stirred by leaders of the mob when they declared that they must defend America from “the bloody hand of the Pope.” It analyzes how both the Mormon and Catholic communities were considered outcasts from America's Protestant society. It also explores why many Americans in the nineteenth century perceive Catholics and Mormons as a direct threat to the nation's democratic order, while members of both denominations proclaimed that the nation's Protestant majority had failed to protect their rights as minority groups. The chapter places Mormonism's political actions during the 1840s within the context of Catholicism's similar struggle, which took place around the same time. It focuses on electoral politics as well as controversial forms of sovereignty, especially Mormonism's Council of Fifty.


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