PSXIII-18 The effect of lead on alkaline phosphatase serum activity in European carp

The aim of this research is to assess the toxic influence of heavy metals in fish. This study was intended to analyze alkaline phosphatase (AP) serum activity under the influence of various lead concentrations in European carp. AP is involved in the dephosphorylation processes and is an important indicator of liver and skeleton tissue metabolism. When exposed to heavy metals, a change in the activity of this enzyme can be observed. In this experiment 3 groups of fish (European carp) were formed, 10 fish in each group: control group; 1-experimental group – fish were contained in water with 0.06 mg/l lead acetate concentration (upper threshold level than fishery waters permissible exposure limit according to the laws of the Russian Federation); 2-experimental group – fish were contained in water with 0.6 mg/l lead acetate concentration (10 times higher than fishery waters permissible exposure limit according to the laws of the Russian Federation). Exposure time was 4 hours. The blood samplings were taken from heart by syringe and placed in dry test tubes. After samplings centrifugation in non-hemolysed serum samples AP activity was assessed. The study revealed the decreasing trend of AP serum activity by 1.08% (21.89±0.24 IU/l) in 1-experimental group in compare with control group (22.13±0.78 IU/l). In case where the lead acetate concentration were 10 times higher than fishery waters permissible exposure limit were meaningful decreasing of AP activity (P ≤ 0.05) by 66.23% (17.42±0.63 IU/l) accordingly in 2-experimental group in compare with control group. In conclusion, a statistically significant decrease in the AP activity in fish blood serum was found after acetate concentration 10 times higher than the permissible exposure limit in fishery waters, according to the laws of the Russian Federation. We can suppose that the activity of this enzyme is the reason for the inhibitory effect of lead on liver tissue.

Occupational Lead Exposure and Safety Measures at Shooting Ranges: a Systematic Review

Background: Individuals at shooting ranges are exposed to high amount of lead fumes either indoor or outdoor. The shooters sprayed lead dust into the air upon discharge of the cartridge at arm’s length distance. Most of the previous studies conducted at shooting ranges focused on blood lead levels (BLLs) of exposed people and there are limited studies on the risk associated with the shooting of firearms. This study aimed to review previous studies on the hazards associated with the discharge of firearms, and safety measures at shooting ranges. Methods: A systematic review was conducted to explore the available evidence. The databases were searched using the keywords “indoor shooting ranges”, “outdoor shooting ranges”, “firearms shooting”, “lead poisoning hazard”, “blood lead biomarkers”, “permissible exposure limit”, and “safety practice on lead”. Results: The designated BLL for case definition in lead poisoning was between 0.1μg/dL - 0.49μg/dL. It was estimated that at Permissible Exposure Limit (PEL). PEL of 0.5μg/m3, 95 percent of range users who are exposed to lead poisoning regularly can have BLL of <5μg/dL during 20 years of working life, while at 2.1μg/m3, 95 percent of the workers can have BLL of<10μg/dL during their working life. Conclusion: To protect firearm handlers and shooting range workers, policy on preventive measures should be implemented at shooting ranges by policymakers. Compliance with preventive measures is encouraged to avoid the high cost of rehabilitation lead poisoning.

PSXI-12 Effect of copper on aminotransferases serum activity in European carp

The aim of this study is to assess toxic influence of heavy metals in fish. This research was intended to analyze aminotransferases (ALT, AST) serum activity under the influence of various copper concentrations in European carp. Intracellular enzymes activity level elevation in serum is a sign of hepatocites toxic destruction and an indicator of profound cell alterations. In this experiment 3 groups of fish (European carp) were formed, 10 fish in each group: control group; 1-experimental group – fish were contained in water with 0.01 mg/l copper acetate concentration (10 times higher than fishery waters permissible exposure limit according to the laws of the Russian Federation); 2-experimental group – fish were contained in water with 0.1 mg/l copper acetate concentration (100 times higher than fishery waters permissible exposure limit according to the laws of the Russian Federation). Exposure time was 4 hours. The blood samplings were taken from heart by syringe and placed in dry test tubes. After samplings centrifugation in non-hemolysed serum samples ALT and AST activities were assessed. The study revealed that there was meaningful elevation of ALT and AST serum activity (P ≤ 0.01) by 19.77% (25.68 ± 0,59 IU/l) and 16.84% (264.85 ± 7.6 IU/l) accordingly in 1-experimental group in comparison with control group (21.44 ± 0.72 IU/l и 226.68 ± 4.35 IU/l). In cases where the copper acetate concentration was 100 times higher than fishery waters permissible exposure limit there was meaningful elevation of ALT and AST serum activity (P ≤ 0.01) by 81,62 % (38.94 ± 0.83 IU/l) and 71.81% (389.46 ± 18.7 IU/l) accordingly in 2-experimental group in comparison with control group. After analyzing the received data, there were established meaningful aminotransferases serum activity elevation under the influence of various copper concentrations in European carp. This was possibly due to gluconeogenesis activation in order to support an adequate glucose level in conditions of catabolic process dominance during copper poisoning.

The study of the effectiveness of coagulants and white sludge in the process of dephosphotation of municipal wastewater

The results of the test coagulation of clarified wastewater of urban sewage facilities are presented in this work. A dose of aluminum and iron-containing coagulants in terms of metal oxide (Me2O3 ) was used as a parameter for comparison of the efficiency of reagent removal of phosphorus from wastewater. It was shown that the uses of any of the selected coagulants make it possible to bring the degree of purification of municipal effluents to the requirements of fishery co-op permissible exposure limit at the stage of simultaneous subsidence, while the best efficiency results are obtained for an aluminum oxychloride coagulant.

PSXI-25 The effect of lead on aminotransferases serum activity in European carp

The aim of this study is to asset toxic influence of heavy metals in fish. This research was intended to analyze aminotransferases (ALT, AST) serum activity under the influence of various lead concentrations in European carp. Intracellular enzymes activity level elevation in serum is a sign of mass cell destruction and consequently pathological process. In this experiment 3 groups of fish (European carp) were formed, 10 fish in each group: control group; 1-experimental group – fish were contained in water with 0.06 mg/l lead acetate concentration (10 times higher than fishery waters permissible exposure limit according to the laws of the Russian Federation); 2-experimental group – fish were contained in water with 0.6 mg/l lead acetate concentration (100 times higher than fishery waters permissible exposure limit according to the laws of the Russian Federation). Exposure time was 4 hours. The blood samplings were taken from heart by syringe and placed in dry test tubes. After centrifugation of the samplings in non-hemolysed serum samples ALT and AST activities were assessed by standard methods. The study revealed that there were meaningful elevation of ALT and AST serum activity (P ≤ 0.001) by 43.8% (30.83±1.14 IU/l) and 17.58% (266.52±6.37 IU/l) accordingly in 1-experimental group in compare with control group (21.44±2.17 IU/l and 226.68±4.35 IU/l). In case where the lead acetate concentration were 100 times higher than fishery waters permissible exposure limit there were meaningful elevation of ALT and AST serum activity (P ≤ 0.001) by 74.86 % (37.49±2.76 IU/l) and 66.23% (376.82±19.45 IU/l) accordingly in 2-experimental group in compare with control group. After analyzing the received data there were established meaningful aminotransferases serum activity elevation under the influence of various lead concentrations in European carp. This is possibly connected to lipid peroxygenation processes disruption in muscles and liver under the lead toxic influence.

The exposure of working environment noise in the agricultural service workplaces

The noise belongs to the leading harmful factors which pollute the environment and negatively influences human health. An overview measurement concerning the noise characteristics has been done in agricultural service workplaces. The sound pressure level has been measured and the length of the workers exposition has been elicited in each workplace. The obtained data has proved that some agricultural service workers have been exposed to a noise above the permissible exposure limit.