Understanding the relationship between composition and rheology in alkali-activated binders

Based on the knowledge that exists today, it is generally accepted that there are basic parameters and characteristics to obtain effective mixtures for their use in 3D printing. Rheological behavior and setting time (initial and final) are those characteristics that determine workability, as well as the speed and nature of hardening of the molded pastes and, as a result, the final framework and the integrity of the resulted structure. Among the promising options for 3D printing, the literature often contains information on alkali-activated binders. In this work, an alkali-activated binding system based on electrometallurgical slag, as well as citrogypsum, a waste of the industrial production of citric acid, was studied. Some rheological characteristics of experimental binders were considered: the nature of the mixture flow under the action of torsional loads and their initial and final setting times. It was found that the joined use of both components in the experimental system “slag - water”: an alkaline activator and citrogypsum, promotes the transition of the character of the system from thixotropic to mixed: dilatant-thixotropic (for the Na2SiO3 activator) and dilatant (for the NaOH activator). It was found that the addition of alkaline activators and citrogypsum to the binding system separately in both cases helps to reduce the initial and final setting times from 18 and 22 hours to 1 hour and 1.5 hours. Also, experimental results have shown that the jointed action of both components: an alkaline activator and cytogypsum, has a synergistic effect on the setting time.

Tongue Morphology in Horned Lizards (Phrynosomatidae: Phrynosoma) and its Relationship to Specialized Feeding and Diet

In lizards, the tongue is joined to the mandible by the median genioglossus medialis muscle and the larger, paired genioglossus lateralis muscles. These muscles run through a frenulum and along the sides of the tongue, forming its walls. In horned lizards, however, the genioglossus lateralis muscles fail to join the tongue for most of its length, forming separate ridges evident in the floor of the mouth lateral to the body of the tongue. This unique tongue morphology co-occurs with horned lizards’ ability to consume large numbers of potentially lethal harvester ants, a diet enabled by a feeding mechanism in which ants are rapidly immobilized with strings of mucus before immediate swallowing. Circumstantial evidence implicates the unusual morphology of the genioglossus lateralis muscles in the mucus-binding system.

Effect of an Aluminosilicate Disperse Additive on Behaviors of Autoclave Silicate Materials

In this research, a phase formation in CaO–SiO2–Al2O3–H2O binding system under hydrothermal conditions was studied. The novelty of this article lies in the quantitative full-profile X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis used to determine kinetics of mineral formation in the binder system “lime–granite mineral modifier (GMM)”. The formation of a polymineral system is described in detail, as well as quantitative relationships between mineral composition of newly formed phases and the binding mixture ratios were determined. Phenomenological model of mineral formation in a “lime–GMM” system under hydrothermal conditions was proposed. The results obtained allow the demonstration of this binding system as a binder that is characterized by superposition of hydration and geopolymerization. The properties (strength, density, water absorption, porosity) of compressed autoclave-hardened materials with the addition of a granite modifier introduced instead of part of the sand as an aggregate have been studied. The maximum increase in strength (more than 50%) is observed at a modifier content of 15%. This is due to the formation of a rational composition of neoplasms, the compaction of the structure of the pressed products and the optimization of their pore space, which is confirmed by the data of X-ray diffraction analysis, scanning electron microscopy and the method of gas adsorption.

The Translation of Japanese Manga Meitantei Conan to Indonesian: The Similarities and Differences between The Original Japanese Version and the Indonesian Translated Version

Japanese comics or manga have caught the world’s attention in recent years. It conveys stories through words and images in a specific order resulting in beautiful works. Now, manga is translated into various languages in the world, including Indonesian. The following study entailed a comparative analysis of the manga Meitantei Conan into Indonesia, primarily concentrating on: the format, for example, the arrangement of pages, lettering, and typography, what was translated what was not. In translating Japanese manga into Indonesian, it was found that there were similarities (retained elements) and differences (adjusted elements). We can found similarities between the original Japanese version and the Indonesian translated version of manga in the writing composition on the chapter title and onomatopoeia. Besides, there are also similarities in cultural terms because the translator maintains terms in Japanese as a translation strategy. The main difference between Original Japanese comics and the Indonesian translated version is the binding system of using, the type of font, and the use of Indonesian cultural elements so that the dialogue of the story characters is more communicative and easy to understand.

How Moral Value Commitments Shape Responses to Political Civility and Incivility

Citizen exposure to political incivility is increasing. Studies have found heterogeneous responses to incivility, but we know little about what drives this variation. This study investigates whether emotional responses to both civility and incivility are driven by moral value commitments. Drawing on Moral Foundations Theory, we argue that incivility should pose more of a threat to people who embrace an individualizing system of moral regulation than a binding system. To test this, we conduct a 3 × 3 between-subjects survey-embedded vignette experiment with a representative sample of 1,789 U.S. respondents. The vignettes describe interactions between two candidates in a debate. The findings show that respondents clearly distinguish between civil, neutral, and uncivil debate and that these conditions yield distinct emotional responses. Moreover, we show “individualizers” have a stronger emotional response to incivility than “binders.” Responses to civility, however, appear to be unaffected by moral value commitments.

THEORETICAL ASPECTS OF DEVELOPMENT OF COMPOSITE NANOSTRUCTURED GYPSUM BINDER CHARACTERIZED BY INCREASED HEAT RESISTANCE

there are a lot of different types of binders for construction purpose, a strong interest is focused on free-of-cement binders of new generation, which are characterized by unique and/or improved performance properties. Among them there is composite nanostructured gypsum binder (CNGB) as a quite new binding system. In the framework of this study the hypothesis of synergetic effect in hardened binding system was proposed and approved. The hypothesis is realized when interaction of two binding systems with different structure formation mechanism such as followings: polymerization-polycondensation and hydration. A number of experiments were carried out and the results were obtained, which demonstrate a resistance of CNGB under high-temperature effect (up to 1000ºC) vs. ordinary gypsum binder. It was determined that a heat-resistance of CNGB is associated with joint crystallization of sulphate-based component (gypsum binder) and highly-reactive silica-based component (in nanostructured binder). Normally, nanostructuted binder is stable under high-temperature exposure. The indicator of synergetic effect is formation of new crystalline phase – hydroxyellestadite Ca5(SiO4)3(SO4)3(OH)2. This phase has unit cell size which is stable under temperature gradient. This characteristic allows saving structure framework in CNGB under high temperature.