visual symptoms
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2022 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 80
Author(s):  
Vlad-Ioan Suciu ◽  
Corina-Iuliana Suciu ◽  
Simona-Delia Nicoară ◽  
Lăcrămioara Perju-Dumbravă

(1) Background: The purpose of this paper is to report the data of the first study in a Clinical Research Hospital, in the Transylvania region, focusing on the Spectral Domain Optical Coherence Tomography (SD-OCT) measurements in the early stages of Parkinson’s disease (PD), and to compare the results with age-matched healthy controls. (2) Methods: This study assessed the circumpapillary retinal nerve fiber layer (cpRNFL) SD-OCT measurements (Heidelberg Spectralis, Heidelberg Engineering, Germany) of two study groups: patients suffering from PD (Hoehn−Yahr stages 1–3) and healthy controls. Secondary objectives were to investigate the reported visual symptoms by evaluating the color vision, contrast sensitivity, and the central visual defects for macular disease using standardized charts. Subjects with prior history of ophthalmologic diseases, advanced stages of PD (Hoehn−Yahr stages 4–5), or with psychiatric conditions were not included in this study. The same team of neurologists and ophthalmologists evaluated all individuals in order to have comparable data and to eliminate inter-examiner differences. All subjects were recruited from the same Clinical Research Hospital in the Transylvania region, Romania. (3) Results: 72% of the PD patients (n = 17) in this study reported visual symptoms. In respect to the ophthalmologic chart evaluation for PD patients, the most frequent disturbances were identified in the Ishihara color perception testing (33%). The regression analysis showed significant results for the Ishihara testing in relation to the cpRNFL thinning in the temporal retinal sectors for both eyes. cpRNFL thinning was predominantly contralateral to the parkinsonism (p = 0.001). The temporal and global values of the cpRNFL were significantly lower in all PD patients < 70 years old, compared to the age-matched healthy controls. (4) Conclusions: Specific patterns of cpRNFL thinning were found in the PD subjects younger than 70 years. A multidisciplinary approach is essential for a complete evaluation of PD patients.


Neurology ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 98 (1 Supplement 1) ◽  
pp. S14.1-S14
Author(s):  
Kyle R. Marden ◽  
James E. Siegler ◽  
David Gealt

ObjectiveTo highlight a multidisciplinary approach to the diagnosis and management of unilateral abducens palsy after a sports-related concussion.BackgroundMild traumatic brain injury (TBI) often leads to disruptions in visual functioning, affecting convergence, saccades, smooth pursuit, and accommodation. More severe TBI injuries may result in structural injuries to the ocular muscles, nerves, or the brain itself.Design/MethodsNA.ResultsCase: We present the case of a 33-year-old male with unilateral abducens nerve palsy after a sports-related concussion with loss of consciousness and multiple hemorrhagic contusions. The patient's visual symptoms manifested several days after the injury. With a multi-disciplinary evaluation involving specialists representing neurosurgery, endovascular neurology and neuro-ophthamology, unenhanced magnetic resonance imaging revealed multiple foci of intraparenchymal microhemorrhages and siderosis consistent with diffuse axonal injury (DAI), and an incidental parasagittal cavernoma. The delayed development of a sixth nerve palsy raised our suspicion for secondary axotomy, as has been described following TBI. While the probability of recovery is high, close follow up is imperative to address evolution of the patient's symptoms. In this case, the patient developed imbalance and headaches in association with his visual symptoms. For the imbalance we use physical therapy with therapists trained in vestibular therapy and for the visual symptoms we use vision therapy with trained optometrists.ConclusionsDelayed post-traumatic abducens palsy is concerning for DAI and secondary axotomy. Multidisciplinary assessment imparts the ability to evaluate for all possible causes and provide additional specialized care for recovery.


2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. 327-330
Author(s):  
Komal Vijaywargiya ◽  
◽  
Rajesh Muley ◽  
Aayushi Ruia ◽  
◽  
...  

Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome { PRES } is a reversible neurological entity characterised by seizures , headaches , visual symptoms , impaired consciousness and other focal neurological findings . There are a variety of causes behind this syndrome but eclampsia takes the lead and preeclampsia also significantly contributes . We present here a case of young postpartum woman with atypical findings and imaging results leading to diagnosis of PRES .


Author(s):  
Ammad A Baig ◽  
Andre Monteiro ◽  
Rimal H Dossani ◽  
Muhammad Waqas ◽  
Justin M Cappuzzo ◽  
...  

Introduction : Acute isolated posterior cerebral artery (aPCA) occlusions account for 5–10% of all ischemic strokes. Due to peculiar patient presentation, the potential benefit of mechanical thrombectomy (MT) for these patients remains controversial. Our objective is to evaluate the safety, feasibility and effectiveness of MT in these patients and compare it to literature. Methods : For this retrospective single‐center study, charts were reviewed for consecutive patients diagnosed with aPCA stroke who underwent MT from January 2013 thru July 2020. Presenting symptoms, patient demographics, procedural information, and 90‐day follow‐up details were noted. For the literature review, a systematic search of Pubmed, MEDLINE, and EMBASE databases was conducted for the keywords “posterior cerebral artery” and “thrombectomy” for articles published between January 2010 thru June 2021. Estimated rates for rate of recanalization, favorable outcomes (mRS 0–2), symptomatic intracerebral hemorrhage (sICH), and mortality were extracted. Results : Twenty‐one patients were included in the study. Mean age was 71.2 years (SD ±10.2). Median NIHSS score at presentation was 9 (IQR 5–15) with visual symptoms reported in 12 cases (57.1%). Overall, final mTICI 2b‐3 was achieved in 17 patients (80.9%) with first‐pass mTICI 2b‐3 attained in 8 (38.1%). Post‐procedure sICH occurred in 1 patients (4.7%). Fifteen patients (71.4%) had an mRS of 0–2 at 90‐days and visual symptoms resolved in 83.3%. Mortality occurred in 2 patients (9.5%). For the systematic review, 4 articles plus our cohort were included in the final analysis, totalizing 222 patients. The estimated rate of successful recanalization was 85.25% (95% CI, 73.05%‐97.45%), sICH was 3.60% (95% CI, 1.11%‐6.09%), and mortality was 10.51% (95% CI, 5.88%‐15.15%). Conclusions : Our results indicate MT as a potentially safe and efficacious treatment modality for aPCA strokes. Our results, in addition to the systematic review, indicate that patient selection and assessment may be the key in obtaining favorable long‐term clinical outcomes.


Heliyon ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. e08387
Author(s):  
Mohammad Monirul Hasan Tipu ◽  
Md. Mostafa Masud ◽  
Raunak Jahan ◽  
Artho Baroi ◽  
A.K.M.A. Hoque

Dairy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 576-584
Author(s):  
Yaniv Lavon ◽  
Dan Gilad ◽  
Gabriel Leitner

The term “spontaneous recovery” refers to a return to a previous condition without any external treatment. In cow mastitis, it refers to cases exhibiting visual symptoms (clinical) or an increase in somatic cell count (SCC) with no visual symptoms (subclinical), with or without identification of a pathogen, from which the animal recovers. A large retrospective analysis of data compiled from the Israeli Dairy Herd Book was performed to evaluate the occurrence of: (i) actual “spontaneous recovery” from the inflammation; (ii) recovery from the inflammation due to antibiotic treatment. In 2018, 123,958 cows from 650 herds with first elevation of SCC at monthly test-day milk yield were clustered into five SCC-cutoff levels (CL) (×103 cells/mL): CL1 (200–299), CL2 (300–399), CL3 (400–499), CL4 (500–999), CL5 (≥1000). Each cutoff level was analyzed separately, and each cow appeared only once in the same lactation and cutoff level, thus resulting in five independent analyses. Recovery was defined as decreased SCC on all three monthly test days, or on the second and third test days, set to: R1 (<100 × 103 cells/mL); R2 (<250 × 103 cells/mL). No difference was found among cutoff levels when the recovery was set to R1, with only 10–12% of the cows presenting spontaneous recovery. When the recovery was set to R2, percent spontaneous recovery was 25–27% at the three higher cutoff levels (CL3–CL5) and 35–41% at the lowest levels (CL1, CL2). Antibiotic treatment was administered to only ~10% of the cows, and in only the higher cutoff-level groups—CL4 and CL5. No difference was found between spontaneous recovery and recovery after antibiotic treatment. Moreover, percentage culled cows treated with antibiotics was significantly higher (p < 0.01) than that of non-treated culled cows (18 and 10.2, respectively), suggesting that the more severe mastitis cases were treated. We concluded that (i) actual spontaneous recovery from inflammation is low and does not depend on the number of cells in the milk at time of infection, and (ii) recovery from inflammation following antibiotic treatment is not higher.


Author(s):  
Masara Laginaf ◽  
Harry Costello ◽  
Gary Price

Abstract Background/aims Functional visual symptoms are relatively common symptoms seen by ophthalmologists. However, there are no consensus guidelines on ophthalmological management of this condition, and there is a paucity of knowledge about the collective challenges experienced in treating patients with functional visual symptoms. In order to establish an ophthalmological perspective on this condition, we undertook the first national survey of experience, knowledge and management of functional visual symptoms amongst ophthalmologists. Methods An online survey was disseminated to ophthalmologists in the UK via all Royal College of Ophthalmology college tutors. Results One hundred nineteen ophthalmologists completed the survey. Functional visual symptoms accounted for 3% of all new referrals. Forty per cent of respondents felt they had a good understanding of functional visual symptoms. Two-thirds reported a need for further training in this area. Respondents estimated two-thirds of patients’ symptoms improved, but a third experienced severe or extreme disability. Following diagnosis, a minority of patients were referred to mental health or neurology services. The majority of respondents described difficulty discussing psychological factors, with a lack of time or space in a clinic preventing a holistic approach. Free text comments highlighted a lack of access to dedicated psychological support for patients. Conclusion Functional visual symptoms are disabling and are seen relatively frequently by ophthalmologists. This preliminary survey suggests that care pathways for patients with functional visual symptoms could be optimised. Fostering links between ophthalmology and existing services with expertise in functional disorders could improve patient care and clinician education and ultimately encourage research in this area.


2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nathaniel K Mullin ◽  
Kristin R Anfinson ◽  
Megan J Riker ◽  
Kelsey L Wieland ◽  
Nicole J Tatro ◽  
...  

Abstract The m.3243A&gt;G mutation in the mitochondrial genome commonly causes retinal degeneration in patients with maternally inherited diabetes and deafness (MIDD) and mitochondrial encephalopathy, lactic acidosis, and stroke-like episodes (MELAS). Like other mitochondrial mutations, m.3243A&gt;G is inherited from the mother with a variable proportion of wild type and mutant mitochondrial genomes in different cells. The mechanism by which the m.3243A&gt;G variant in each tissue relates to the manifestation of disease phenotype is not fully understood. Using a digital PCR assay we found that the % m.3243G in skin derived dermal fibroblasts was positively correlated with that of blood from the same individual. The % m.3243G detected in fibroblast cultures remained constant over multiple passages and was negatively correlated with mtDNA copy number. Although the % m.3243G present in blood was not correlated with severity of vision loss, as quantified by Goldmann visual field, a significant negative correlation between % m.3243G and the age of onset of visual symptoms was detected. Together, these results indicate that precise measurement of % m.3243G in clinically accessible tissues such as skin and blood may yield information relevant to the management of retinal m.3243A&gt;G associated disease.


PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (9) ◽  
pp. e0256449
Author(s):  
Muhammad Younas ◽  
Huasong Zou ◽  
Tasmia Laraib ◽  
Nasir Ahmad Rajpoot ◽  
Nasir Ahmad Khan ◽  
...  

Mungbean yellow mosaic virus (MYMV) is an important constraint in successful production of mungbean (Vigna radiata L.) in many countries, including Pakistan. The MYMV spreads by insect vector whitefly (Bemisia tabaci Gennadius). The use of resistant cultivars is the most effective management tactics for MYMV. Twenty mungbean varieties/lines were screened against insect vector of MYMV under field condition in the current study. Resistance levels for varieties/lines were assessed through visual scoring of typical disease symptoms. Furthermore, the impacts of two insecticides ‘Imidacloprid’ and ‘Thiamethoxam’ and two plant extracts, i.e., neem (Azadirachta indica), and Eucalyptus (Eucalyptus camaldulensis) were tested on the suppression of whitefly. Field screening indicated that none of the tested varieties/lines proved immune/highly resistant, while significant variations were recorded among varieties/lines for resistance level. All varieties/lines were systemically infected with MYMV. The varieties ‘AARI-2006’ and ‘Mung-14043’ were considered as resistant to MYMV based on visual symptoms and the lowest vector population. These varieties were followed by ‘NM-2006’ and ‘NL-31’, which proved as moderately resistant to MYMV. All remaining varieties/lines were grouped as moderately to highly susceptible to MYMV based on visual symptoms’ scoring. These results revealed that existing mungbean germplasm do not possess high resistance level MYMV. However, the lines showing higher resistance in the current study must be exploited in breeding programs for the development of resistant mungbean varieties/lines against MYMV. Imidacloprid proved as the most effective insecticide at all concentrations to manage whitefly population. Therefore, use of the varieties with higher resistance level and spraying Imidacloprid could lower the incidence of MYMV.


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