grape must
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2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. 2528
Author(s):  
Patrícia Branco ◽  
Rute Coutinho ◽  
Manuel Malfeito-Ferreira ◽  
Catarina Prista ◽  
Helena Albergaria

The yeast Brettanomyces bruxellensis is one of the most dangerous wine contaminants due to the production of phenolic off-flavors such as 4-ethylphenol. This microbial hazard is regularly tackled by addition of sulfur dioxide (SO2). Nevertheless, B. bruxellensis is frequently found at low levels (ca 103 cells/mL) in finished wines. Besides, consumers health concerns regarding the use of sulfur dioxide encouraged the search for alternative biocontrol measures. Recently, we found that Saccharomyces cerevisiae secretes a natural biocide (saccharomycin) that inhibits the growth of different B. bruxellensis strains during alcoholic fermentation. Here we investigated the ability of S. cerevisiae CCMI 885 to prevent B. bruxellensis ISA 2211 growth and 4-ethylphenol production in synthetic and true grape must fermentations. Results showed that B. bruxellensis growth and 4-ethylphenol production was significantly inhibited in both media, although the effect was more pronounced in synthetic grape must. The natural biocide was added to a simulated wine inoculated with 5 × 102 cells/mL of B. bruxellensis, which led to loss of culturability and viability (100% dead cells at day-12). The conjugated effect of saccharomycin with SO2 was evaluated in simulated wines at 10, 12, 13 and 14% (v/v) ethanol. Results showed that B. bruxellensis proliferation in wines at 13 and 14% (v/v) ethanol was completely prevented by addition of 1.0 mg/mL of saccharomycin with 25 mg/L of SO2, thus allowing to significantly reduce the SO2 levels commonly used in wines (150–200 mg/L).


Russian vine ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 18 ◽  
pp. 48-58
Author(s):  
R.G. Timofeev Timofeev ◽  

A classical approach to monitoring the fer-mentation of grape must based on the use of the areometric method is considered. Based on the processing of the data of measuring the refractive index and density of grape must, as well as data on the physicochemical composi-tion of grape must during fermentation, meth-odological approaches have been developed to create methods for monitoring the composi-tion of the fermenting must using refractomet-ric and refractodensimetric methods of analy-sis. The results of the work can become the basis for the development of a non-destructive express method for determining the volume fraction of ethyl alcohol and the mass concentration of sugars in fermenting must based on the standard equipment of the laboratory of wine-making enterprises, and for the improvement of technical specifications for the manufacture of a portable device for determining the concentration of alcohol and sugar content, based on the simultaneous measuring the refractive index and density of liquid media.


Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (22) ◽  
pp. 7654
Author(s):  
Javier Toledo ◽  
Víctor Ruiz-Díez ◽  
Jaime Velasco ◽  
Jorge Hernando-García ◽  
José Luis Sánchez-Rojas

The in-line monitoring of liquid properties, such as density and viscosity, is a key process in many industrial areas such as agro-food, automotive or biotechnology, requiring real-time automation, low-cost and miniaturization, while maintaining a level of accuracy and resolution comparable to benchtop instruments. In this paper, 3D-printed cuboid-shaped liquid cells featuring a rectangular vibrating plate in one of the sides, actuated by PZT piezoelectric layers, were designed, fabricated and tested. The device was resonantly excited in the 3rd-order roof tile-shaped vibration mode of the plate and validated as a density-viscosity sensor. Furthermore, conditioning circuits were designed to adapt the impedance of the resonator and to cancel parasitic effects. This allowed us to implement a phase-locked loop-based oscillator circuit whose oscillation frequency and voltage amplitude could be calibrated against density and viscosity of the liquid flowing through the cell. To demonstrate the performance, the sensor was calibrated with a set of artificial model solutions of grape must, representing stages of a wine fermentation process. Our results demonstrate the high potential of the low-cost sensor to detect the decrease in sugar and the increase in ethanol concentrations during a grape must fermentation, with a resolution of 10 µg/mL and 3 µPa·s as upper limits for the density and viscosity, respectively.


Author(s):  
Н.М. АГЕЕВА ◽  
М.Г. МАРКОВСКИЙ ◽  
А.В. КЛОЧКО

Рассмотрено влияние расы дрожжей на концентрацию биогенных аминов в белом столовом виноматериале. Для эксперимента использовали стерильное сусло винограда сорта Алиготе, не содержавшее бактериальных клеток. Сусло сбраживали в стерильных условиях расами дрожжей российского производства и расами активных сухих дрожжей производства европейских фирм. Использованные расы дрожжей различались по целевому назначению. Брожение проводили в одинаковых для всех образцов условиях при температуре 18–20°С. По окончании брожения виноматериалы отделяли от дрожжевой гущи путем фильтрации и определяли концентрацию биогенных аминов методом высокоэффективной жидкостной хроматографии. Установлено существенное различие концентраций биогенных аминов в образцах белого столового виноматериала, изготовленных с использованием различных рас дрожжей: количество гистамина варьировало от 0,08 (Vinomax Yeast) до 4,26 мг/дм3 (Pro Elif); концентрация тирамина – от 0,36 (Oenoferm Rouge) до 2,21 мг/дм3 (ОК 2); содержание фенилэтиламина в образцах виноматериала составляло от 0,17 (Oenoferm Rouge) до 1,23 мг/дм3(Prise de Musso); концентрация путресцина – от 0,01 (Prima Vera) до 0,33 мг/дм3 (Виниферм). В образцах виноматериала, полученных с применением дрожжей рас Oenoferm Rouge, SP 49, Vinomax Yeast, кадаверин не обнаружен. Сбраживание сусла дрожжами рас Виниферм, L food I fantastici, Шампанская 7-10С, France Cuve, Prise de Musso привело к накоплению кадаверина в количестве 0,27 мг/дм3 и выше. Таким образом, доказано, что раса дрожжей, применяемая для сбраживания виноградного сусла, оказывает влияние на концентрацию биогенных аминов в виноматериале. The influence of the race of yeast on the concentration of biogenic amines in the white table materials was explored. The sterile must of a grape variety Aligote without bacterial cells was used for the experiment. The must was fermented in the sterile conditions using races of yeasts of Russian manufacture and races of the European produced active dry yeasts. Applied races of yeasts differ by the end use. Fermentation was carried out in the similar conditions for all samples at temperature 18–20°C. On completion of the fermentation wine materials were separated from the yeast sediment and the concentrations of biogenic amines were determined by a method of high-performance liquid chromatography. Significant difference in the biogenic amines concentrations has been established in the samples of white table materials developed with various races of yeasts: amount of histamine varied from 0,08 (Vinomax Yeast) to 4,26 mg/dm3 (Pro Elif); amount of tyramine varied from 0,36 (Oenoferm Rouge) to 2,21 mg/dm3 (OK 2); amount of phenylethylamine in the wine material varied from 0,17 (Oenoferm Rouge) to 1,23 mg/dm3(Prise de Musso); amount of putrescine varied from 0,01 (Oenoferm Rouge) to 0,33 mg/dm3(Viniferm). Cadaverine was not found in the wine samples obtained using races of yeasts Oenoferm Rouge, SP 49, Vinomax Yeast. Must fermentation using races of yeasts Viniferm, L food I fantastici, Shampanskaya 7-10C, France Cuve, Prise de Musso resulted in the cadaverine accumulation in amount greater than 0,27 mg/dm3. Therefore, it was proved that the race of yeast applied to the grape must fermentation makes an impact on the biogenic amines concentration in a wine material.


10.5219/1692 ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
pp. 1082-1092
Author(s):  
Jakub Mankovecký ◽  
Lucia Galovičová ◽  
Miroslava Kačániová

The safety of plant-based food with an herbal origin is a priority for producers and final consumers these days. The interest in the high biological value of the final food products enriched with herbal ingredients is rising. We focused on the study of physico-chemical composition and antioxidant activity of two kinds of grape juice with medicinal plant addition in our study. We used 2 varieties of grapes - Welschriesling and Cabernet Sauvignon, six species of medicinal plants - Calendula officinalis L., Ginkgo biloba, Thymus serpyllum, Matricaria recutita, Salvia officinalis L., and Mentha aquatica var. citrata in our experiment. There were14 samples prepared, two of them were control samples and 12 samples were treated with medicinal plants. We tested each of the selected parameters triplicate with an interval of one week. We evaluated the results statistically in 4 levels of significance p <0,01, p <0,001, p <0,0001 and p <0,00001. The content of fructose, glucose, dry matter, density, malic acid, pH, potential alcohol, total acids, and total sugars in the treated samples was significantly lower compared to the control sample, which was probably due to the degree of dilution of grape juice with extracts gained from medicinal plants. The antioxidant effect was demonstrably higher in the samples enriched with medicinal plants than in the control samples. The highest antioxidant effect was measured in the second test in the samples with the addition of Thymus serpyllum (80.93 % - white grape must, 82.33 % - blue grape must), Calendula officinalis L. (79.29 % - white grape must, 80.49 % - blue grape must) and Ginkgo biloba (79.10 % - white grape must, 83.3 % - blue grape must). Generally, we found out that the selected medicinal plants increase the biological quality of grape juice.


2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (71) ◽  
pp. 292-303
Author(s):  
Elena Nikolaevna Yakimenko ◽  
◽  
Natalia Mikhaylovna Ageyeva ◽  
Larisa Eduardovna Chemisova ◽  
◽  
...  

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