oxalate decarboxylase
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Author(s):  
Justin R. Nayagam ◽  
Renu Rajan

The nutritional value of food can be altered by the presence of antinutrients such as oxalates present abundantly in plants as ergastic crystals. High oxalate content in plant-based raw food can lead to oxalonephropathy, nephrolithiasis and renal dysfunction. Presence of oxalate can hinder the absorption of other minerals such as calcium and magnesium present in food. CaOx antinutrient intake can be minimised by avoiding plant with high oxalate content or by decreasing oxalate levels through cooking practices like, boiling, fermenting, treating with baking soda, adding yoghurt and milk etc. More sophisticated ways of minimising antinutrient intake through raw diet is by choosing genetically modified crops which are bred for low oxalate content or by choosing mutant varieties which are devoid or low in oxalate content in food crops. The future for sustainable antinutrient management and nutritional value enhancement is by incorporating genes from bacteria or fungi which are capable of breaking down oxalate using the enzyme oxalate decarboxylase, on  to plants and thereby modifying them to have less antinutrient effects in raw consumption.


2021 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shruti Gupta ◽  
Shamsher S. Kanwar

Background: Kidney stones have become a common disease worldwide and their incidence and recurrence rates have drastically increased over the past few decades. Oxalate decarboxylase (OxDC) enzyme which catalyzes the disproportionation reaction of oxalate monoanions into formate and CO2 could exhibit significant potential in the treatment of hyperoxaluria. Objective: The present work describes isolation and screening of new OxDC producing bacterial strain from oxalate rich soils and one-factor-at-a-time (OFAT) and response surface methodology (RSM) statistical approaches were used to optimize the production media to obtain an improved intracellular OxDC production. Methods and Results: An OxDC producing bacterial strain isolated from spinach soil sample(s) was identified to be Pseudomonas sp. OXDC12 by 16S rRNA sequencing. The OFAT approach was used to determine the effect of supplementation of carbon, nitrogen and other physical conditions like pH, temperature etc. on intracellular OxDC production by Pseudomonas sp. OXDC12. The three factors screened by Plackett Burman design (PBD) were further used by central composite design (CCD) approach of RSM to determine their interactive effects on OxDC production. The anti-urolithiatic activity of the enzyme OxDC was determined by carrying out in vitro calcium oxalate crystallization in presence and absence of OxDC. The factorial values selected by 23 CCD for OxDC were temperature 30ºC, manganese ion concentration 5 mmol l-1 and innoculum size 3.25% (v/v). The highest predicted value of OxDC was 5.7 U ml-1 while the actual value obtained was 6.7 U ml-1 which was 79.1% and 2.92 fold greater than the initial activity of OxDC produced by Pseudomonas sp. OXDC12. As depicted by the light micrographs, OxDC displayed a significant reduction in the crystallization and formation of calcium oxalate stones as compared to the control under in vitro conditions. Conclusion: OFAT and RSM statistical optimization approaches led to improved OxDC production with a final activity of 6.7 U ml-1 and a 2.92 fold increase in the enzyme activity. The study suggests that OFAT and RSM optimization approaches significantly enhanced OxDC production from Pseudomonas sp. OXDC12. The enzyme may serve as a potential therapeutic agent for hyperoxaluria or kidney stones as it significantly inhibited the formation of calcium oxalate crystals under in vitro conditions.


2021 ◽  
pp. 100857
Author(s):  
Anthony J. Pastore ◽  
Ruijie D. Teo ◽  
Alvaro Montoya ◽  
Matthew J. Burg ◽  
Umar T. Twahir ◽  
...  

2021 ◽  
Vol 407 ◽  
pp. 124737 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ning Hou ◽  
Qiaoruo Wang ◽  
Yang Sun ◽  
Xianyue Li ◽  
Qiuying Song ◽  
...  

2020 ◽  
Vol 119 (8) ◽  
pp. 1349
Author(s):  
Sreeja Chellappan ◽  
S. Mathivanan ◽  
R. Thippeswamy ◽  
M. Nagesh ◽  
H. S. Savithri ◽  
...  

Kidney360 ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (11) ◽  
pp. 1284-1290
Author(s):  
Emily Quintero ◽  
Victoria Yvonne Bird ◽  
Howard Liu ◽  
Gary Stevens ◽  
Alan S. Ryan ◽  
...  

BackgroundHyperoxaluria is typically associated with excessive oxalate intake in the diet, decreased dietary calcium, hyperabsorption of oxalate, or increased endogenous production of oxalate. The disorder spectrum extends from recurrent kidney stones to ESKD. This clinical trial sought to evaluate the effectiveness of an acid stable oxalate decarboxylase (OxDC) to reduce urinary oxalate in healthy subjects on a high-oxalate diet.MethodsIn this prospective, double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled, crossover clinical trial, 33 healthy volunteers were randomized into two crossover sequences separated by a 2-day washout period. A controlled high-oxalate diet (750–800 mg oxalate, 500–550 mg calcium daily) was utilized, and six 24-hour urine collections were measured. Subjects were given approximately 1000 U (micromoles per minute per milligram) of OxDC or placebo with meals three times daily during the 4 days of treatment.ResultsUrinary oxalate significantly decreased with OxDC treatment. The baseline corrected within-subject mean reduction in 24-hour urinary excretion (after OxDC dosing versus high-oxalate baseline preceding treatment) was 12.5 mg or 29% (P<0.001). OxDC treatment was effective (>5% reduction) in 31 of 33 subjects (94%). Compared with placebo, OxDC produced a 24% reduction (P<0.001) in 24-hour oxalate excretion. Other urinary parameters (creatinine, uric acid, citrate, magnesium, calcium) were not affected by OxDC. No serious adverse events and no product-related adverse events occurred.ConclusionsAn orally administered OxDC is capable of significantly reducing urinary oxalate levels in healthy volunteers on a high-oxalate diet without affecting creatinine clearance, urine creatinine, or other solutes related to supersaturation of calcium oxalate.Clinical Trial registry name and registration number:Evaluation of Nephure, and the Reduction of Dietary Oxalate, in Healthy Volunteers, NCT03661216


2019 ◽  
Vol 201 (Supplement 4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Emily Quintero* ◽  
Sabrina Buzzard ◽  
Alan Ryan ◽  
Gary Stevens ◽  
Ira Klimberg ◽  
...  

2019 ◽  
Vol 201 (Supplement 4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew Lindeblad ◽  
Victoria Bird* ◽  
Meekah Chardeton ◽  
Ming Yang ◽  
Qing-Shan Li ◽  
...  

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