Penentuan Daerah Imbuhan Dan Evaluasi Kualitas Air Tanah Pada Akuifer Tertekan Cekungan Air Tanah Baubau Di Kota Baubau

The increasing population followed by the development of industrial activities resulted in excessive exploitation of water and pollution of water sources. This research aims (1) to analyze the distribution of groundwater recharge areas, (2) to analyze the quality of groundwater; and (3) to analyze the effect of seawater intrusion on the Baubau CAT confined aquifer within the City of Baubau area. The analysis method used is (1) Determination of groundwater recharge areas is carried out based on Permen ESDM Number 31 of 2018 concerning Guidelines for Establishing Groundwater Conservation Zones, namely by identifying hydrogeological data, (2) The level of groundwater damage is analyzed based on groundwater quality, in accordance with ESDM Ministerial Regulation Number 31 of 2018 concerning Guidelines for Establishing Groundwater Conservation Zones; and (3) The level of seawater intrusion was classified using the Davis and de Weist method. The results of this study are (1) The distribution of recharge areas covers 43% of the land area of the City of Baubau or an area of 96 km². The recharge area is an area of low hills, hills and high hills with an altitude of 100 to 700 meters above sea level. (2) The level of groundwater damage based on TSD and DHL values is that there are 7 drilled wells that are still in the safe category, while the other 2 bore wells are in the vulnerable category; (3) Groundwater in confined aquifers in the study area has not shown the influence of sea water intrusion with DHL values ranging from 773 µS cmˉˡ to 1,402 µS cmˉˡ and is categorized as fresh groundwater where the DHL values are still in the range of 30 - 2,000 µS cmˉˡ. Keywords: groundwater, groundwater quality, seawater intrusionJumlah penduduk yang meningkat dan diikuti dengan berkembangnya aktivitas industri mengakibatkan eksploitasi air berlebih dan pencemaran sumber air. Peneltian ini bertujuan (1) untuk menganalisis sebaran daerah imbuhan air tanah, (2) menganalisis kualitas air tanah; dan (3) menganalisis pengaruh intrusi air laut pada akuifer tertekan CAT Baubau dalam wilayah Kota Baubau. Metode analisis yang digunakan yaitu (1) Penentuan daerah imbuhan air tanah dilakukan berdasarkan Permen ESDM Nomor 31 Tahun 2018 Tentang Pedoman Penetapan Zona Konservasi Air Tanah yaitu dengan melakukan identifikasi data hidrogeologi, (2) Tingkat kerusakan air tanah dianalisa berdasarkan kualitas air tanah, sesuai dengan Permen ESDM Nomor 31 Tahun 2018 Tentang Pedoman Penetapan Zona Konservasi Air Tanah; dan (3) Klasifikasi tingkat intrusi air laut dilakukan dengan metode Davis and de Weist. Hasil penelitian ini yaitu (1) Sebaran daerah imbuhan tersebut meliputi 43 % dari luas daratan Kota Baubau atau seluas 96 km². Daerah imbuhan tersebut merupakan wilayah perbukitan rendah, perbukitan dan perbukitan tinggi dengan ketinggian 100 hingga 700 meter di atas permukaan laut. (2) Tingkat kerusakan air tanah berdasarkan nilai TSD dan DHL adalah terdapat 7 sumur bor masih dalam kategori aman, sedangkan 2 sumur bor lainnya masuk dalam kategori rawan; (3) Air tanah pada akuifer tertekan di daerah penelitian belum memnunjukkan adanya pengaruh intrusi air laut dengan nilai DHL berkisar antara 773 µS cmˉˡ hingga 1.402 µS cmˉˡ dan dikategorikan sebagai air tanah segar dimana nilai DHL masih berada dalam kisaran 30 – 2.000 µS cmˉˡ. Kata Kunci : air tanah, kualitas air tanah, intrusi air laut

Developing a groundwater conservation area using analytical hierarchy process in Randublatung groundwater basin

Randublatung Groundwater Basin is a cross-regional Groundwater Basin located in Central Java with an area of 203 Km2. The increase of population in this area led to the increasing need for groundwater not only for freshwater sources and consumption but also for agriculture and industrial needs. The rise of uncontrolled groundwater usage can result in pollution and degradation in the quality and quantity of groundwater. There need to be conservation efforts to maintain the sustainability of groundwater utilization. This study aims to determine conservation zones and management priorities in the Randublatung groundwater basin area. Conservation zones are determined based on the value of their parameters: (a) availability and potential of groundwater, (b) groundwater depletion, (c) changes in groundwater quality, (d) land use, (e) aquifer characteristics, (f) prioritization of groundwater protection areas, and (g) water use. Those parameters are weighed using the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) method and then overlaid corresponding to the weight of the parameter to acquire the matrix of conservation zones. The results indicate the type of lithology in the research area was an alluvial deposit—the development of the data processing presented in the form of a map of groundwater. There are four types of conservation zones in a confined aquifer, i.e., secured, vulnerable, and critical.

At a Conservation Crossroad: The Bahoruco-Jaragua-Enriquillo Biosphere Reserve in the Dominican Republic

This paper assesses the Dominican Republic’s willingness to pay (WTP) for a conservation, restoration, and sustainable development program for the Bahoruco-Jaragua-Enriquillo Biosphere Reserve (RBJBE). Created in 2002, the RBJBE covers approximately 4858 km2, of which approximately 900 km2 correspond to the sea surface. With three core conservation zones, the RBJBE constitutes a complex space with a history of conflicts rooted in exploiting natural resources and social and economic issues. At the same time, it is a biodiversity hotspot of global importance. We present a Contingent Valuation Method to estimate the WTP for a conservation and restoration program called PROBIOSFERA. The non-parametric and parametric estimates of the WTP are DOP 165.00 (≈USD 2.94) and DOP 181.88 (≈USD 3.25), respectively. The socioeconomic variables that positively affect the WTP are income level, educational level, and age. The ecosystem services that are statistically related to WTP are the provisioning and supporting services. Regardless of the monetary valuation scenarios defined, the estimated annual monetized aggregated welfare associated with the RBJBE for Dominican society is DOP 7.2 billion (≈USD 128.1 million).

Exploring dimensions of biodiversity in Japanese ferns

Aim: To characterize multiple facets and drivers of biodiversity and understand how these relate to bioregions and conservation status. Location: Japan. Taxon: Ferns. Methods: We used data from >300,000 fern specimens in Japan to compile a community dataset of 1,240 0.2 degree grid-cells including 674 native, non-hybrid taxa. We combined this with a phylogenetic tree and functional trait data to analyze taxonomic, phylogenetic, and functional diversity, and modeled the distribution of biodiversity in response to environmental factors and reproductive mode. We conducted categorical analysis of neo- and paleo-endemism to identify areas of significant phylogenetic endemism. We used hierarchical clustering of taxonomic and phylogenetic distances to analyze bioregions. We compared the overlap of significantly diverse grid-cells with existing conservation zones to assess conservation status. Results: We observe three major patterns in the spatial distribution of biodiversity: that of taxonomic richness, which is highest at mid-latitudes, that of phylogenetic and functional diversity and phylogenetic endemism, which are highest in small southern islands, and that of relative phylogenetic and functional diversity, which are high at both high and low latitudes, and low at mid-latitudes. Grid-cells were grouped in to three (phylogenetic) or four (taxonomic) major bioregions. Temperature and apomixis were identified as likely drivers of patterns of taxonomic and phylogenetic diversity. Conservation status (% protected area) is generally higher than the overall rate for grid-cells with significantly high biodiversity. Main conclusions: The integrative approach used here reveals previously undetected patterns and drivers of biodiversity in the ferns of Japan. The different distributions of each diversity type reflect the major bioregions. Although peak areas of different diversity types are largely non-overlapping, each one has a relatively high protection status. Despite this, future conservation efforts must be cognizant of dangers not addressed here such as climate change and herbivory by deer.

KEANEKARAGAMAN JENIS VEGETASI PAKAN BADAK FASE SEMAI DI ZONA KHUSUS KONSERVASI TAMAN NASIONAL WAY KAMBAS

The Sumatran rhinos (Dicerorhinus sumatrensis) is the smallest of the five species of rhinoceros that still alive. Way Kambas National Park (TNWK) is captivity semi-insitu of Dicerorhinus sumatrensis. The Sumatran rhinos are herbivorous with a preference of young tree (seedling), leaves, fruits, and shoots.The importance of knowledge about study of feed sumatran rhinos for conservationof rhino in TNWK. The purpose of the study is to identifies rhino feed on seedling growth level in the conservation zones TNWK. The research used line transect method. The first line and plot determined randomly then the next line and plots was sistematically. The observation plots had measurement with amount 2m x 2m of seedling growth level in big plot with amount 20m x 20m with spacing between plot in line 500 m with total 98 plots. The results of this study concluded that there were 28 types of seedling rhino feed which was found to be the most abundant and evenly distributed based on the important value index, are Ixora sp. is 16.73 and then Antidesma neurocarpum Miq is 14.4 and Dillenia excelsa is 10.89. Biodiversity index is 3.57 and evennes index is 0.84.

Coastal Garbage Patches: Fronts Accumulate Plastic Films at Ashmore Reef Marine Park (Pulau Pasir), Australia

Millions of tons of buoyant plastic materials enter oceans annually, the majority originating from terrestrial sources and transported to oceans where oceanographic processes disperse or accumulate them. Some of these materials beach while others accumulate in convergent zones in coastal seas and the open ocean. Although accumulations associated with subtropical gyres, for example, the “Great Pacific Garbage Patch” (GPGP) are well-known, coastal accumulation zones have received less attention. Here we report quantities and characteristics of plastics accumulated in fronts encountered within the Ashmore Reef marine park (Pulau Pasir), northern Australia. These areas, as well as surrounding waters, were sampled using Manta trawls, drone, and snorkel surveys conducted in October 2018. With mean plastic concentrations of 523,146 pieces km−2 for plastics > 500 micron these hotpots contained plastic concentrations an order of magnitude higher than surrounding waters (16,561 pieces km−2) and comparable to the largest known accumulation zone: the GPGP. Furthermore, the mean mass within hotspots was 5,161 g km–2 vs. 9 g km–2 in surrounding waters. Therefore, we classify the features described in this study as types of “Coastal Garbage Patches” (CGPs). Importantly, the coastal fronts accumulating plastics in CGPs are key habitats for many marine species. Biomass outnumbered plastics by weight, with a ratio of 0.521 in CGPs and 0.016 in surrounding waters vs. 287.7 recorded in the GPGP. Polymer types found between the CGPs and GPGP were similar, but plastic films vastly dominated in the CGPs, whilst they were amongst the rarest types found in the GPGP. This study demonstrates the existence of CGPs coinciding with high priority conservation zones in coastal waters and highlights a need for further research into these environments.

Floating Islands, Frontiers, and Other Boundary Objects on the Edge of Oceania’s Futurity

Technological advances have challenged numerous social and political domains over recent decades, including the materialities and imaginaries of islands and islandness in Oceania. Since the early 2000s, a plurality of schemes, discourses, politics, anxieties, and hopes have coalesced around the possible construction of artificial islands, referred to as floating islands, floating nations, floating cities, or seasteads, depending on the new islands’ imagined purposes and peoples. If achieved, these new, de novo, islands will contribute to an ongoing regional geopolitical remaking that requires urgent attention. However, in examining floating islands as boundary objects, this article suggests that, even if never realized, they are exceptional points of focus for perceiving and reflecting on the uncanny, disruptive character of capital at work in the contemporary Pacific Islands in tension with multi-state regional policy initiatives for collective governance and sustainable ocean management. Moreover, this article argues that floating islands are not the only “artificial islands” producing tensions between communities, states, and international ocean governance frameworks. Deep-sea concessions for mineral exploitation, the spatialization of high-seas fishing rights, and large- and small-scale conservation zones similarly raise issues of the fixity or fluidity of territoriality, sovereignty, rights of access and restriction to common or uncommon marine spaces and their resources, as well as conflicting imaginaries and ideologies around the ocean and Oceania as an open frontier.

Zoneamento Ecológico-Econômico como instrumento da gestão ambiental de bacias hidrográficas

O estudo objetivou elaborar uma proposta de zoneamento ecológico-econômico, utilizando a bacia hidrográfica do rio Una, Ibiúna, São Paulo como área de estudo, subsidiando a aplicação do zoneamento como instrumento de gestão para os recursos hídricos no contexto da análise ambiental integrada.. A metodologia analítica-agregativa foi construída a partir de quatro etapas: delimitação dos parâmetros morfométricos, físicos, bióticos e socioeconômicos; definição do cenário ambiental; determinação das zonas de manejo; caracterização das zonas e definição dos objetivos, conflitos, usos permitidos, potencialidades, ações de manejo e legislação. A bacia possui 96 km² com forma irregular e alongada, altitude média de 937 metros e cota máxima de 1175 metros e relevo fortemente ondulado. Predomina as culturas agrícolas temporárias (36,33%) e floresta ombrófila densa (37,05%) e solos latossolos ou argissolos. As características socioambientais indicou que a taxa de domicílio, de residentes e de saneamento ambiental apresentaram-se maiores na zona urbana. Cerca de 86% da população residente na bacia encontram-se alfabetizadas, enquanto os percentuais de acesso a rede de água e esgoto na zona rural é precário. O ZEE culminou em oito zonas de manejo, sendo as principais a zona agrícola e de conservação, sendo considerado satisfatório e eficiente para a gestão ambiental, favorece oordenamento e a replicação em áreas similares. Ecological-economic zoning as an instrument for the environmental management of hydrographic basins A B S T R A C T This study presents a proposal of ecological-economic zoning using the hydrographic basin of the Una River, Ibiúna, São Paulo, as a study area to subsidize the application of zoning as a management tool for water resources in the context of integrated environmental analysis. The zoning comprised four stages: delimitation of morphometric, physical, biotic, and socioeconomic parameters; definition of the environmental scenario; determination of management zones; and characterization of zones and definition of objectives, conflicts, permitted uses, potential, management actions, and legislation. The results indicate that the basin has 96 km2, with an irregular and elongated shape, an average altitude of 937 meters, a maximum elevation of 1,175 meters, and a strongly undulating relief. Temporary agriculture (36.33%), dense rain forest (37.05%), and oxisol or Argisols predominate in the area. The socioenvironmental characteristics indicate that the sanitation rate of households, residents, and environment were higher in the urban area. About 86% of the population living in the basin are literate, while the percentage of access to the water and sewage system in the rural area is precarious. The EEZ comprised eight management zones, the main ones being agricultural and conservation zones, considered satisfactory and efficient for environmental management and favoring coordination and replication in similar areas. Keywords: land use, environmental planning, water.