Wellbeing and Resilience in Tourism: A Systematic Literature Review During COVID-19

The United Nations World Tourism Organization (UWTO) has acknowledged 2020 as the worst year in tourism history due to the worldwide pandemic COVID-19. Destinations, tourists, local communities, stakeholders, and residents, and their daily activities were affected. Thus, wellbeing and resilience are two crucial variables to help the industry and the people recover. This research aims to analyze early positive approaches and attitudes to respond to the negative impact of COVID-19 in tourism everyday activities that have at its core wellbeing and resilience, the two main variables of the Positive Psychology field of studies. A systematic literature review was conducted, following PRISMA guidelines to achieve this aim. The research was done using the Online Knowledge Library (B-on) and all the available databases. The research led to 32 articles that were screened using the inclusion and exclusion criteria. A total of 18 scientific articles met all criteria. Overall, results show that a positive and resilient approach to deal with the adverse outcomes of the pandemic is a concern for stakeholders and the future of the organizations in the tourism and hospitality sector, as is tourists’ wellbeing. However, less research has been done on wellbeing and a clear lack of research regarding residents’ wellbeing and resilience is evident. A deeper study of wellbeing and resilience in tourism is needed, and actual practices and interventions to ensure that all tourism actors have the resources to overcome the pandemic and restart the industry’s daily lives feeling well and safe.

KARABAKH'S TOURISM PROSPECTS AS A KEY FACTOR IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE NATIONAL ECONOMY

In the modern world, tourism is perceived as a socio-economic event that directly and indirectly affects the development of all related infrastructure. Modern tourism is based on a high level of development of transport, social and service sectors, which ultimately makes it a highly profitable sector of the economy. According to the World Tourism Organization (WTO), tourism is one of the most profitable and dynamic sectors of the world economy today. It is the second most profitable after oil production and refining. Tourism accounts for about 6% of the world's gross domestic product, 7% of global investment, every 16th job, 11% of global consumption spending and 5% of all tax revenues. In this regard, the tourism sector is actively developing in many countries with state support. The main purpose of the study is to analyze the prospects for the development of tourism in Karabakh. Nagorno-Karabakh has great tourism potential, and the restoration of lost infrastructure communications in the liberated territories is expected to create favorable conditions for business, including the development of tourism. The article discusses the features of tourism in Karabakh, the concept of tourism development prospects, as well as its problems. Keyword: Karabakh, tourism, development, economy, prospects

The sustainable tourism organization of rural spaces. The island of Sardinia in the era of "staycation"

What future for tourism in the COVID-19 era? This is a question that has become part of the daily life of many tourist destinations. The pandemic has affected all economic sectors and tourism is one of the sectors most suffered. According to data from the World Tourism Organization (2021) due to the health emergency 100% of countries have introduced restrictions in the travel sector and for this reason international tourist arrivals dropping by 74% in 2020. Future projections indicate 2023 as the year when a the "regular" flow of tourists can be recorded globally. However, in the meantime, there is a need to improve this sector by implementing strategies to promote and enhance the places to motivate sustainable tourism. The insecurity of travel and of some destinations, due to the many emergency restrictions, pushes tourists to live an outdoor vacation in contact with nature and host community. Thus, the search for authentic places moves minds more consciously towards sustainable tourism practices showing a greater interest in some forms of tourism such as rural and cultural.The aim of this work is to understand how to deal with the "new" needs of the demand, bringing out the rural realities through the creation of an organized sustainable offer that revolves around existing accommodation facilities such as farmhouses. In particular, the case of Sardinia will be analyzed, an island that has long been known for its seaside tourism, but whose rural and internal areas are still not much used touristically. The study intends, after a short review of the literature on the sustainability of rural tourism, highlight the possibility to create rural tourist itineraries capable of enhancing the territory's peculiarities by combining the different landscape assets. The exemplification of the creation of these routes will be realized in GIS field through the creation of a model of accessibility to the Sardinian rural space. This model will be based on the use of isochronous curves obtained from the analysis of travel times both to move towards and from the agritourism that offer accommodation and within their landscape offer.

Environmental Awareness in the Sun, Sea and Sand Tourism Sector. A Study with the Delphi Technique

The so-called sun, sea and sand tourism continues to be the type of tourism that fosters the greatest flow of passengers on an international scale, giving rise to an economic impact and job creation. However, like any other type of economic and human activity, it generates negative externalities that manifest themselves in environmental impacts. The One Planet Sustainable Tourism Programme led by The World Tourism Organization announces its new vision for global tourism– growing better, stronger, and balancing the needs of people, planet and prosperity.Beyond good intentions, with the Delphi technique as a tool, a first approach has been made to elucidate the environmental awareness of the sector, the commitment to develop and incorporate sustainable plans to behave in an ethical manner and contribute to economic development while the quality of the environment and local communities as a whole. 14 professionals were selected to participate in the Delphi, all from different companies worldwide focused on geographical areas intended for sun, sea and sand tourism. Obtaining as a response, still, a sector with very weak awareness that does not incorporate the environment into its operational structures, it does not take responsibility for its own actions nor future sustainable developments.

Combining Conventional Statistics and Big Data to Map Global Tourism Destinations Before COVID-19

World Tourism Organization (UNWTO) is the major source of internationally comparable data on tourism. However, UNWTO data has two drawbacks: it focuses on international trips and ignores differences between regions within individual countries. Alternative sources of big data are increasingly used to enhance tourism statistics. In this paper, we combine traditional information sources with gridded population dataset and Airbnb data to address the limitations of UNWTO statistics. We produce a map of world tourism destinations measured by the number of tourism visits and tourism expenditure in 2019, before the COVID-19 pandemic. We then identify hot spots of tourism and compare the level of spatial concentration of tourism to that of global population and economy. The results illustrate how supply and demand shape the global distribution of tourism, highlight the dominance of domestic travels in global tourism mobility and may help planning tourism policy in the face of current global challenges.

The role of tourism in the economy. The formation of tourist flows to the ASEAN countries

In the presented article on the base of statistical data from the World Tourism and Travel Council, the World Tourism Organization, the ASEAN Statistical Yearbook, and the official websites of national tourism organizations of the ASEAN countries the impact of tourism on the economy of the ASEAN countries is assessed. The region’s tourist demand and supply are analyzed. The factors of the formation of the main tourist flows from Asia-Pacific, European, American and Australia and Oceania macroregions are studied.

Cultural Affinity and Screen Tourism – The Case of Internet Entertainment Services

Cultural Affinity and Screen Tourism – The Case of Internet Entertainment Services, has been produced by the World Tourism Organization (UNWTO) in partnership with Netflix. It goes beyond the traditional concept of screen tourism and explores how the online distribution of films and TV series can strengthen cultural ties between countries and build bridges between communities while at the same time fostering tourism as a pillar of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development. Based on extensive desk research and the results of a series of surveys, it sheds light on how best to maximize the social, economic and cultural benefits of screen tourism and offers both policymakers and the private sector recommendations on how to leverage internet entertainment services (IES) to promote unique and shared culture and traditions.

God’s own tourism: creating socio-economic, cultural, and environmental sustainability in tourism industries in Kerala

Worldwide governments have recognized tourism as a sector with immense potential for economic development and employment generation. Various international agencies like World Tourism Organization (WTO) have pointed out the vast developmental potential of tourism, particularly regarding the developing nations like India. Despite the wide recognition of the vast developmental potential of tourism, there are growing apprehensions regarding the sustainability of tourism as a development paradigm. The development of tourism induces changes in the social character of a destination. These transformations include the impact of tourism development and its economic efficiency on inhabitants’ traditional values, lifestyles, and interpersonal relationships.

UNWTO Investment Guidelines – Strategies to Safeguard Tourism Investments during COVID-19

The COVID-19 pandemic has hit investments in tourism hard. While global FDI dropped by 35% in the first half of 2020, within the tourism sector the fall in announced foreign investment was 73.2%. As a result, the sector lost USD 1.3 trillion in export revenues in 2020, placing between 100 million and 120 million direct tourism jobs at risk and translating into an estimated loss of over USD 2.5 trillion in global GDP. In this context, the World Tourism Organization (UNWTO) identified investments as one of four key areas to be prioritized as the sector restarts and recovers. For this purpose, UNWTO has joined forces with the World Association of Investment Promotion Agencies (WAIPA) to strengthen the capacities of its Member States to safeguard, attract and promote tourism investment projects during and after the pandemic for faster economic recovery.

UNWTO Basic Documents, Volume I – Statutes, Rules of Procedure, Agreements

The UNWTO Basic Documents bring together in three volumes essential documents concerning the governance of the World Tourism Organization (UNWTO). The sixth edition of the present volume I, updated as of June 2021, provides a general introduction to the Organization’s legal framework, role and functions. It contains the Statutes, the Rules of Procedure of the UNWTO’s governing bodies and main Committees, as well as the most important documents related to the status of the UNWTO as a specialized agency and its relationship with the host Country and with the United Nations.