statistics analysis
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Educatio ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 139-144
Author(s):  
Hanofi Harianto ◽  
◽  
Hizbul Wathoni ◽  
Ridwan Ridwan ◽  
Selamet Jaelani ◽  
...  

This research aims to know the significant effect of RPT (Repetitive-Practice Technique) in teaching speaking at the tenth-grade students of SMA Al-Hasaniyah NW Jenggik in 2016-2017. This research was designed as pre-experimental with pretest and posttest design. The study population was 27 and 27 as the sample in X chosen by purposive random sampling it means the sample was taken purposively because the sample is representative. Speaking tests and analytical scoring rubric were used to collect the data. Then the data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and paired sample t-test to test the hypothesis, and it was performed by SPSS 22 for windows. The descriptive statistics analysis showed that RPT (Repetitive-Practice Technique) was effective in teaching speaking ability. It was proven by improving students' scores from 40.89 in Pre-Test and 58.96 in Post-Test. While the result of hypothesis testing using paired sample t-test at significance (2-tailed) value level was .000, it was lower than .05. RPT (Repetitive-Practice Technique) is significantly effective in teaching speaking ability. It was suggested that speaking in RPT (Repetitive-Practice Technique) is suitable for teaching speaking.


PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (12) ◽  
pp. e0261519
Author(s):  
Jay Lee ◽  
Xiuli Zhang

Maximum oxygen uptake (VO2max) is a “gold standard” in aerobic capacity assessment, playing a vital role in various fields. However, ratio scaling (VO2maxbw), the present method used to express relative VO2max, should be suspected due to its theoretical deficiencies. Therefore, the aim of the study was to revise the quantitative relationship between VO2max and body weight (bw). Dimensional analysis was utilized to deduce their theoretical relationship, while linear or nonlinear regression analysis based on four mathematical models (ratio scaling, linear function, simple allometric model and full allometric model) were utilized in statistics analysis to verify the theoretical relationship. Besides, to investigate the effect of ratio scaling on removing body weight, Pearson correlation coefficient was used to analyze the correlation between VO2maxbw and bw. All the relevant data were collected from published references. Dimensional analysis suggested VO2max be proportional to bw23. Statistics analysis displayed that four mathematical expressions were VO2max = 0.047bw (p<0.01, R2 = 0.68), VO2max = 0.036bw+0.71 (p<0.01, R2 = 0.76), VO2max = 0.10bw0.82 (p<0.01, R2 = 0.93) and VO2max = 0.23bw0.66–0.48 (p<0.01, R2 = 0.81) respectively. Pearson correlation coefficient showed a significant moderately negative relation between VO2maxbw and bw (r = -0.42, p<0.01), while there was no correlation between VO2maxbw0.82 and bw (r = 0.066, p = 0.41). Although statistics analysis did not fully verify the theoretical result, both dimensional and statistics analysis suggested ratio scaling distort the relationship and power function be more appropriate to describe the relationship. Additionally, we hypothesized that lean mass, rather than body weight, plays a more essential role in eliminating the gap between theoretical and experimental b values, and is more appropriate to standardize VO2max, future studies can focus more on it.


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